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ARCHITECTURE.md

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Architecture

            ┌──────────────────────────── Filee.App (Avalonia) ─────────────────────────────┐
 global     │ TriggerService ──► GestureDetector ──► RadialController ──► RadialWindow/DonutMenu │
 mouse/keys │   (SharpHook)        (pure state         (drag / click       (transparent,          │
 ─────────► │                       machine)            mode)               topmost window)       │
            │                                              │ drop / click                         │
 Explorer   │ SingleInstance (pipe) ── --convert files ──►│                                      │
 context    │ Home drop zone ─────────────────────────────┘                                      │
 menu       │                                              ▼                                      │
            │                                    ConversionService ──► ToastWindow (progress)     │
            │ MainWindow (settings pages) ◄──► UserDataStore (JSON in %APPDATA%\Filee)            │
            └──────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┘
                                                           ▼
            ┌──────────────────────────── Filee.Core ───────────────────────────────────────────┐
            │ JobQueue ──► RoutePlanner (Dijkstra over converter edges) ──► IConverter steps    │
            │ FormatRegistry · Preset · OutputPathResolver · ToolbarProfile · ProfileSelector   │
            └──────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┘
                                                           ▼
            ┌──────────────────────────── Filee.Engines ────────────────────────────────────────┐
            │ Built in: Magick (images, RAW) · PdfSharp · Pdfium · PdfPig · Svg.Skia · ICNS      │
            │ HwpxWriter + DocxWriter over DocumentReaders (DOCX, XLSX, XLS, ODS, PPTX,          │
            │   PDF, HTML, EPUB, MOBI, FB2, HWPX, Markdown) · Spreadsheets · OOXML variants      │
            │   · E-mail · Data · E-books · CAD · Fonts · Subtitles · 3D models                  │
            │ Bundled: rhwp (HWP→PDF, HWP↔HWPX) · 7-Zip (archives) · Unhwp · Markdig             │
            │ Optional: FFmpeg · LibreOffice + H2Orestart · calibre · Ghostscript · Pandoc       │
            └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Flow of a conversion

  1. Trigger – TriggerService receives global input from SharpHook and feeds GestureDetector. A drag gesture (modifier + drag past the threshold) opens the donut before files are known.
  2. Donut – RadialWindow is transparent, topmost and not activated, so Explorer's drag continues. The first DragEnter delivers the file list; RadialViewModel picks a ToolbarProfile by extension (ProfileSelector: the first normal profile that has every file's extension; for a mix of types the first mixed-selection profile whose checked extensions cover the files, else the one with nothing checked) and asks PresetAvailability which presets can run (disabled slices get a reason).
  3. Drop – the slice under the cursor is a preset. ConversionService.Start enqueues a ConversionJob. The drop is always reported as Copy so Explorer never deletes the source files.
  4. Plan – for every file, RoutePlanner finds the cheapest chain of converter edges from the source format to the target (at most 3 hops). Engine priority (Settings → Engines) breaks ties. Some edges are limited: tracing only starts from raster images (ImageSourcesOnly), and PDF → PPTX picture slides are only ever a route of their own (DirectOnly), never a step of a longer one.
  5. Run – JobQueue runs steps with per-engine concurrency limits. Intermediate files live in a temp folder; final outputs are named by OutputPathResolver (pattern, folder, conflict policy; the source is never overwritten). "Merge into one PDF" converts each file to PDF and merges with PDFsharp. "Compress into one archive" packs the dropped files, unconverted, with the archive engine (IFileCombiner).
  6. Report – progress and results appear in the toast window and in Home → Recent conversions.

Donut control

Controls/DonutMenu.cs draws the ring itself (no child controls) for speed. DonutGeometry.cs holds the pure math (slice angles, hit testing) and is unit tested. The same control is the live toolbar and, with IsEditMode, the editor on the Donut toolbar settings page (drag to reorder, ✎ / right-click to edit). Animations are small springs advanced per frame; Motion.Enabled == false (Reduce animations) snaps them.

Settings and data

UserDataStore owns settings.json, presets.json, profiles.json and history.json (System.Text.Json source generation, atomic writes, broken files are kept as *.broken). Bump AppSettings.CurrentSchemaVersion and add a step to SettingsMigrations when the format changes.

Localization and theming

  • LocalizationService loads Assets/i18n/<lang>.json into Application.Resources; XAML uses {DynamicResource key}, so switching language updates the UI live.
  • ThemeService writes the accent colour, corner radii, fonts and Fluent's SystemAccentColor* into application resources. Light/dark surface colours are theme dictionaries in Styles/Soft.axaml.

Command line and watch folders

  • Filee.Cli (filee-cli.exe, run as filee through cli\filee.cmd, which Setup can put on PATH) composes the same pipeline as the app without any UI (CliHost: UserDataStore, EngineRegistry, ConverterCatalog, JobQueue) and reads the app's presets and engine order. It is published into the app folder, so both share one runtime and the bundled engines; its name can't be filee.exe next to Filee.exe on a case-insensitive file system.
  • Filee.Core/Watching/FolderWatcher watches one WatchRule with a FileSystemWatcher and converts a file once it has kept its size and time for a moment and opens without sharing (downloads and copies in progress are skipped). Temporary files, unknown formats and the output and originals folders are ignored, so outputs never loop back. The tray app runs one per rule (WatchFolderService, Settings → Watch folders, conversions in the toast and history); filee watch runs one on its own.

Platform code

Everything OS-specific goes through IPlatformServices (Filee.Core/Platform). Windows lives in Filee.Platform.Windows; macOS will get its own project. Global input uses SharpHook on both.

Explorer integration

Settings → General → "Show “Convert with Filee” in the Explorer context menu" (AppSettings.ContextMenuEnabled) is applied by WindowsPlatformServices.SetContextMenu at start-up and whenever settings change (installed builds only):

  • Classic verb HKCU\Software\Classes\*\shell\Filee (Filee.exe --convert "%1", one process per file; the running instance collects them through SingleInstance) and a Send To shortcut. Per user, no admin rights. On Windows 10 this is the entry; on Windows 11 it sits under "Show more options".
  • Windows 11 top-level entry (optional): an IExplorerCommand in FileeExplorerMenu.dll (src/Filee.ExplorerMenu, plain C, no C runtime) declared by the sparse package FileeExplorerMenu.msix (ExplorerMenuPackage.CreateManifest: desktop4:FileExplorerContextMenus, desktop5:ItemType Type="*", com:SurrogateServer, uap10:AllowExternalContent, AppListEntry="none"). Both files ship next to Filee.exe and the package's external location is the install folder (C:\Program Files\Filee by default).
    • The package is unsigned (publisher contains OID.2.25.311729368913984317654407730594956997722=1; Filee has no code-signing certificate). Windows only registers an unsigned package with executable content with administrator rights (it installs it for all users); a per-user attempt fails with 0x80073D2B "an unsigned package cannot include Executable activations". Setup (installer/Filee.iss) has those rights anyway and registers it on Windows 11 x64 while its option is ticked. Later the General page offers "Add to the main menu", which runs Add-AppxPackage -Path … -ExternalLocation … -AllowUnsigned in Windows PowerShell through one UAC prompt (ExplorerMenuRegistration). A signed package would register per user without a prompt.
    • The manifest version (ExplorerMenuPackage.ManifestVersion) is independent of the app version, so app updates don't need a new prompt: the DLL is loaded from the install folder and updated with the app. Bump it only when the manifest changes; the page then offers to add the entry again ("Outdated").
    • The DLL shows the entry only for files (not folders or items inside ZIP folders) and only while %APPDATA%\Filee\explorer-menu.txt exists. The app writes the title in the UI language there while the setting is on and deletes it when the setting is off, so switching the setting takes effect without re-registering. While the package is registered the classic verb is removed (Windows lists packaged commands under "Show more options" too).
    • Invoke starts Filee.exe --convert "<path>"… next to the DLL and returns at once. Selections longer than a command line go through %TEMP%\Filee-convert-*.txt (--convert-list, one path per line), which the app deletes.
    • Updates: Setup asks the running Filee to exit (Filee.exe --quit), then renames a FileeExplorerMenu.dll that Explorer still has loaded (Windows allows renaming a loaded DLL, not replacing or deleting it) and has Windows delete the old copy at the next restart, so updating needs no restart. An update keeps the registration as it was and refreshes it. Uninstall runs Filee.exe --uninstall-cleanup (UninstallCleanup): it removes the package, the title file, the classic verb, the startup entry and downloaded engines; settings stay.
    • Build: pwsh build/build-explorer-menu.ps1 downloads a pinned Zig (SHA-256 checked) into build/.cache, compiles the DLL and packs the MSIX with build/tools/make-explorer-package.cs (Windows' own packaging API, no SDK). Output: build/.cache/explorer-menu; CI builds it for the tests, build/build-installer.ps1 builds it into the publish folder.

Debugging: Get-AppxPackage Filee.ExplorerMenu shows the registration (InstallLocation is the external location); Get-AppPackageLog -ActivityID <id> explains a failed deployment. To try a local build, copy FileeExplorerMenu.dll + .msix next to an installed Filee.exe and use the button, or run elevated: Add-AppxPackage -Path FileeExplorerMenu.msix -ExternalLocation <folder with Filee.exe> -AllowUnsigned. Explorer picks the entry up for new menus; if not, restart Explorer. To remove it by hand: Get-AppxPackage Filee.ExplorerMenu | Remove-AppxPackage.