diff --git a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomlite.json b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomlite.json
index e8489870..680de677 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomlite.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomlite.json
@@ -6,6 +6,16 @@
   "legacy_board_id": 128,
   "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6",
   "pins": {
+    "12": {
+      "roles": [
+        "dev:ir.pwm"
+      ],
+      "note": "IR transmitter GPIO from the official pin map."
+    },
+    "18": {
+      "roles": [],
+      "note": "Unconnected GPIO sampled by the Atom family exclusion gate."
+    },
     "21": {
       "roles": [
         "bus:internal_i2c.scl"
@@ -65,6 +75,9 @@
   "devices": {
     "rgb_led": {
       "kind": "led_strip"
+    },
+    "ir": {
+      "kind": "led"
     }
   },
   "connectors": {
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atommatrix.json b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atommatrix.json
index 4945d563..20a5beb2 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atommatrix.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atommatrix.json
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
   "legacy_board_id": 141,
   "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6",
   "pins": {
+    "12": {
+      "roles": [
+        "dev:ir.pwm"
+      ],
+      "note": "IR transmitter GPIO from the official pin map."
+    },
     "21": {
       "roles": [
         "bus:internal_i2c.scl"
@@ -65,6 +71,9 @@
   "devices": {
     "rgb_led": {
       "kind": "led_strip"
+    },
+    "ir": {
+      "kind": "led"
     }
   },
   "connectors": {
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomu.json b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomu.json
index ecaf4e61..4271dc92 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomu.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5atomu.json
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
   "legacy_board_id": 130,
   "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6",
   "pins": {
+    "12": {
+      "roles": [
+        "dev:ir.pwm"
+      ],
+      "note": "IR transmitter GPIO from the official pin map."
+    },
     "21": {
       "roles": [
         "bus:internal_i2c.scl"
@@ -65,6 +71,9 @@
   "devices": {
     "rgb_led": {
       "kind": "led_strip"
+    },
+    "ir": {
+      "kind": "led"
     }
   },
   "connectors": {
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5stack_stackchan.json b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5stack_stackchan.json
index 74fe5b63..0791e777 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/boards/m5stack_stackchan.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/boards/m5stack_stackchan.json
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
       ],
       "verified": {
         "roles": "generated"
-      }
+      },
+      "note": "Base pulls GPIO5 D (measured)."
     },
     "6": {
       "roles": [
@@ -83,7 +84,8 @@
       ],
       "verified": {
         "roles": "generated"
-      }
+      },
+      "note": "Base pulls GPIO6 U (measured)."
     },
     "7": {
       "roles": [
@@ -91,7 +93,8 @@
       ],
       "verified": {
         "roles": "generated"
-      }
+      },
+      "note": "Base pulls GPIO7 D (measured)."
     },
     "8": {
       "roles": [
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/cli/spec.js b/extras/board_spec/cli/spec.js
index 2c49332e..b0702bcf 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/cli/spec.js
+++ b/extras/board_spec/cli/spec.js
@@ -437,6 +437,7 @@ class M5Unified {
 public:
   static int8_t _get_pin_table[${PIN_NAMES.length}];
   static void _setup_pinmap(board_t);
+  static int8_t _get_power_hold_pin(board_t);
 };
 int8_t M5Unified::_get_pin_table[${PIN_NAMES.length}];
 ${tableSource}
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/detector_order.json b/extras/board_spec/detector_order.json
index 341d9ac0..d890c2b8 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/detector_order.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/detector_order.json
@@ -144,13 +144,6 @@
         "boards": [
           "m5unitpoep4"
         ]
-      },
-      {
-        "detector": "stampp4_detector",
-        "boards": [
-          "m5stampp4",
-          "m5stampp4x"
-        ]
       }
     ],
     "constraints": [
@@ -163,11 +156,6 @@
         "before": "tab5_family_detector",
         "after": "unitpoep4_detector",
         "reason": "Probe Tab5 internal devices before driving Ethernet management pins"
-      },
-      {
-        "before": "unitpoep4_detector",
-        "after": "stampp4_detector",
-        "reason": "StampP4 is only a fallback candidate after all P4 probes"
       }
     ]
   }
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/dist/board_spec_editor.html b/extras/board_spec/dist/board_spec_editor.html
index 7c1145e8..c8365ca5 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/dist/board_spec_editor.html
+++ b/extras/board_spec/dist/board_spec_editor.html
@@ -963,8 +963,8 @@ <h2 id="board-dialog-title"></h2>
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MISO","verified":{"roles":"generated"}}},"buses":{"main_spi":{"kind":"spi","signals":["sclk","mosi","miso"],"preferred_host":"SPI2_HOST","fixed":false,"freq":40000000,"freq_read":10000000,"verified":{"signals":"generated","preferred_host":"generated","freq":"generated","freq_read":"generated"}},"internal_i2c":{"kind":"i2c","signals":["sda","scl"],"preferred_host":0,"fixed":false,"freq":100000,"verified":{"signals":"generated","preferred_host":"generated","freq":"generated"}}},"devices":{"oled":{"kind":"display","part":"ssd1306","bus":"main_spi","spec":{"width":64,"height":48,"offset_x":32,"offset_y":0,"rotation_offset":0,"readable":true,"three_wire":true}},"power_hold":{"kind":"power_hold","spec":{"active_low":false}},"ioe":{"kind":"io_expander","part":"pi4io","bus":"internal_i2c","i2c_addr":"0x43","pins":{"p0":{"roles":["dev:btn_a.in"]}}},"btn_a":{"kind":"button","part":"button","spec":{"active_low":true,"pull":"internal_up"}}},"connectors":{"port_b":{"type":"hy2_4p","standard":"port_io"},"port_c":{"type":"hy2_4p","standard":"port_uart"}}},"m5unitpoep4":{"schema_version":1,"id":"m5unitpoep4","name":"M5UnitPoEP4","official_name":"M5Stack Unit PoE-P4","legacy_board_id":148,"chip":"esp32p4","pins":{"0":{"roles":["bus:internal_i2c.sda"],"verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"1":{"roles":["bus:internal_i2c.scl"],"verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"31":{"roles":["dev:ethernet.mdc"],"detect_class":"up"},"32":{"roles":[],"detect_class":"floating"},"45":{"roles":["dev:btn_a.in"]},"52":{"roles":["dev:ethernet.mdio"],"detect_class":"up"},"53":{"roles":["conn:port_a.2"],"verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"54":{"roles":["conn:port_a.1"],"verified":{"roles":"generated"}}},"buses":{"internal_i2c":{"kind":"i2c","signals":["sda","scl"],"fixed":false,"verified":{"signals":"generated"}}},"devices":{"ethernet":{"kind":"transceiver"},"btn_a":{"kind":"button","part":"button","spec":{"active_low":true,"pull":"external_up"}}},"connectors":{"port_a":{"type":"hy2_4p","standard":"port_i2c"}}},"m5vameter":{"schema_version":1,"id":"m5vameter","name":"M5VAMeter","official_name":"M5Stack VAMeter","official_name_verified":true,"aliases":["vameter","va meter","voltage and amperage meter"],"legacy_board_id":16,"chip":"esp32s3","spec":{"display":{"resolution":[240,240],"touch":false},"storage":{"psram_mb":0,"sd":false}},"pins":{"0":{"roles":["dev:btn_b.in"]},"2":{"roles":["dev:btn_a.in"]},"5":{"roles":["bus:internal_i2c.sda"],"note":"System I2C SDA","verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"6":{"roles":["bus:internal_i2c.scl"],"note":"System I2C SCL","verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"7":{"roles":[],"note":"Not connected"},"8":{"roles":["bus:port_a_i2c.sda","conn:port_a.2"],"note":"External Port A SDA","verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"9":{"roles":["bus:port_a_i2c.scl","conn:port_a.1"],"note":"External Port A SCL","verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"33":{"roles":["dev:lcd.rst"]},"34":{"roles":["dev:lcd.dc"]},"35":{"roles":["bus:main_spi.mosi"],"verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"36":{"roles":["bus:main_spi.sclk"],"verified":{"roles":"generated"}},"37":{"roles":["dev:lcd.cs"]},"38":{"roles":["dev:backlight.pwm"]}},"buses":{"main_spi":{"kind":"spi","signals":["sclk","mosi"],"preferred_host":"SPI3_HOST","fixed":false,"freq":40000000,"freq_read":16000000,"verified":{"signals":"generated","preferred_host":"generated","freq":"generated","freq_read":"generated"}},"internal_i2c":{"kind":"i2c","signals":["sda","scl"],"preferred_host":1,"fixed":false,"verified":{"signals":"generated","preferred_host":"generated"}},"port_a_i2c":{"kind":"i2c","signals":["sda","scl"],"preferred_host":0,"fixed":false,"verified":{"signals":"generated","preferred_host":"generated"}}},"devices":{"lcd":{"kind":"display","part":"st7789v2","bus":"main_spi","spec":{"width":240,"height":240,"offset_x":0,"offset_y":0,"rotation_offset":0,"invert":true,"readable":true}},"backlight":{"kind":"backlight","spec":{"freq":512,"channel":7,"invert":false,"offset":64},"verified":{"spec":"generated"}},"probe_device_0":{"kind":"sensor","bus":"internal_i2c","i2c_addr":"0x40","verified":{"i2c_addr":"datasheet"}},"probe_device_1":{"kind":"sensor","bus":"internal_i2c","i2c_addr":"0x41","verified":{"i2c_addr":"datasheet"}},"btn_a":{"kind":"button","part":"button","spec":{"active_low":true,"pull":"external_up"}},"btn_b":{"kind":"button","part":"button","spec":{"active_low":true,"pull":"external_up"}}},"connectors":{"port_a":{"type":"hy2_4p","standard":"port_i2c"}}}}</script>
   <script>
 // lib/model.js
 // Pure model helpers shared by the Node CLI and the future browser editor.
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomlite.json b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomlite.json
index 4aeccfa0..85d2f2bb 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomlite.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomlite.json
@@ -6,6 +6,16 @@
   "legacy_board_id": 128,
   "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6",
   "pins": {
+    "12": {
+      "roles": [
+        "dev:ir.pwm"
+      ],
+      "note": "IR transmitter GPIO from the official pin map."
+    },
+    "18": {
+      "roles": [],
+      "note": "Unconnected GPIO sampled by the Atom family exclusion gate."
+    },
     "21": {
       "roles": [
         "bus:internal_i2c.scl"
@@ -71,6 +81,12 @@
       "verified": {
         "signals": "generated"
       }
+    },
+    "ir": {
+      "kind": "led",
+      "signals": {
+        "pwm": "gpio:12"
+      }
     }
   },
   "connectors": {
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atommatrix.json b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atommatrix.json
index ea1c68a5..faa1cc7d 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atommatrix.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atommatrix.json
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
   "legacy_board_id": 141,
   "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6",
   "pins": {
+    "12": {
+      "roles": [
+        "dev:ir.pwm"
+      ],
+      "note": "IR transmitter GPIO from the official pin map."
+    },
     "21": {
       "roles": [
         "bus:internal_i2c.scl"
@@ -71,6 +77,12 @@
       "verified": {
         "signals": "generated"
       }
+    },
+    "ir": {
+      "kind": "led",
+      "signals": {
+        "pwm": "gpio:12"
+      }
     }
   },
   "connectors": {
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomu.json b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomu.json
index 037bf9ba..41444442 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomu.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5atomu.json
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
   "legacy_board_id": 130,
   "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6",
   "pins": {
+    "12": {
+      "roles": [
+        "dev:ir.pwm"
+      ],
+      "note": "IR transmitter GPIO from the official pin map."
+    },
     "21": {
       "roles": [
         "bus:internal_i2c.scl"
@@ -71,6 +77,12 @@
       "verified": {
         "signals": "generated"
       }
+    },
+    "ir": {
+      "kind": "led",
+      "signals": {
+        "pwm": "gpio:12"
+      }
     }
   },
   "connectors": {
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5stack_stackchan.json b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5stack_stackchan.json
index 4a2a34f0..48df1a69 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5stack_stackchan.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/generated/resolved/m5stack_stackchan.json
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
       ],
       "verified": {
         "roles": "generated"
-      }
+      },
+      "note": "Base pulls GPIO5 D (measured)."
     },
     "6": {
       "roles": [
@@ -83,7 +84,8 @@
       ],
       "verified": {
         "roles": "generated"
-      }
+      },
+      "note": "Base pulls GPIO6 U (measured)."
     },
     "7": {
       "roles": [
@@ -91,7 +93,8 @@
       ],
       "verified": {
         "roles": "generated"
-      }
+      },
+      "note": "Base pulls GPIO7 D (measured)."
     },
     "8": {
       "roles": [
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/lib/emit/m5gfx_detector_order.js b/extras/board_spec/lib/emit/m5gfx_detector_order.js
index cc718cf7..d6a229f3 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/lib/emit/m5gfx_detector_order.js
+++ b/extras/board_spec/lib/emit/m5gfx_detector_order.js
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ export function renderDetectorOrderHeaders(boards, groups) {
     maxFamilies = Math.max(maxFamilies, group.ordered.length);
     const array = `static const board_detector_t* const ${name}[] = {\n`
       + group.ordered.map((detector) => `  &${detector},`).join("\n")
-      + "\n  nullptr,\n};\n";
+      + "\n  nullptr,\n};\n"
+      + `static_assert(sizeof(${name}) / sizeof(${name}[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,\n`
+      + `              "${name} exceeds the detection session family limit");\n`;
     outputs.set(group.output, (outputs.get(group.output) ?? "// Generated from detector_order.json and board catalog.\n#pragma once\n\n") + array + "\n");
   }
   const ids = boards.filter(hasGpioPowerHold).map((board) => board.legacy_board_id).sort((a, b) => a - b);
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/targets.json b/extras/board_spec/targets.json
index 7067f6d0..cb956d91 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/targets.json
+++ b/extras/board_spec/targets.json
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
       "m5stack_core2": {
         "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6", "legacy_board_id": 2, "cpp_namespace": "core2", "board_enum": "board_M5StackCore2", "desc_name": "desc_core2",
         "wiring_fields": ["display", "shared_sd", "i2c", "hold"], "desc_internal_i2c": true, "wiring_output": "esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp",
+        "probe_pins": [12, 32, 33],
         "options": [
           { "name": "new_pmic", "bit": 0, "select": { "pmic": "axp2101" } },
           { "name": "lcd_e", "bit": 1, "select": { "lcd": "ili9342e" } }
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
       "m5tough": {
         "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6", "legacy_board_id": 8, "cpp_namespace": "tough", "board_enum": "board_M5Tough", "desc_name": "desc_tough",
         "wiring_fields": ["display", "shared_sd", "i2c", "hold"], "desc_internal_i2c": true, "wiring_output": "esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp",
+        "probe_pins": [12, 32, 33],
         "options": [
           { "name": "reserved", "bit": 0 },
           { "name": "lcd_e", "bit": 1, "select": { "lcd": "ili9342e" } }
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@
       },
       "m5atomlite": {
         "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6", "legacy_board_id": 128, "cpp_namespace": "atomlite", "board_enum": "board_M5AtomLite", "desc_name": "desc_atomlite",
-        "wiring_fields": [], "probe_pins": [25], "wiring_output": "esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp"
+        "wiring_fields": [], "probe_pins": [12, 18, 25], "wiring_output": "esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp"
       },
       "m5atomu": {
         "chip": "esp32_d0wdq6", "legacy_board_id": 130, "board_enum": "board_M5AtomU", "desc_name": "desc_atomu"
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/board_spec.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/board_spec.test.js
index cb98caec..443bcff2 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/test/board_spec.test.js
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/board_spec.test.js
@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ const esp32c6SetupSource = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_de
 const esp32c61Source = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32c61/corematrix.inl"), "utf8");
 const esp32p4Source = (await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/corep4x.inl"), "utf8"))
   + "\n" + (await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/tab5.inl"), "utf8"))
-  + "\n" + (await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/unitpoep4.inl"), "utf8"))
-  + "\n" + (await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/stampp4.inl"), "utf8"));
+  + "\n" + (await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/unitpoep4.inl"), "utf8"));
 const tab5SetupSource = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/tab5_setup.inl"), "utf8");
 const pmicOpsSource = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/pmic_ops.hpp"), "utf8");
 const i18nMatch = /<script type="application\/json" id="board-spec-i18n">([\s\S]*?)<\/script>/.exec(editorHtml);
@@ -596,15 +595,11 @@ test("generated ESP32 wiring preserves the replaced board values", async () => {
   assert.deepEqual(parseGeneratedWiring(source), legacyEsp32Wiring);
 });
 
-test("ESP32 detector reset permission is promoted before the final retry", async () => {
+test("all chip entries pass reset and hint policy through the common session", async () => {
   const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
-  const loop = /int retry = 4;([\s\S]*?)board = autodetect\(use_reset, board, retry == 0, &transient_fallback,\s*&no_signature, &_board_candidate\);/.exec(main)?.[1];
-  assert.ok(loop);
-  const promotion = loop.indexOf("if (retry == 1) { use_reset = true; }");
-  const detected = loop.indexOf("try_setup_detected(esp32_detectors");
-  assert.ok(promotion >= 0 && promotion < detected);
-  assert.match(loop, /static_cast<board_t>\(nvs_board\), use_reset,/);
-  assert.doesNotMatch(loop, /detector_allow_reset/);
+  assert.match(main, /request.allow_reset = use_reset;[\s\S]*?request.max_attempts = 5;[\s\S]*?run_detection_session/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(main, /package\.policy/);
+  assert.match(main, /probe.allow_reset = request.allow_reset;/);
 });
 
 test("displayless candidates do not retry and confirmed boards clear candidates", async () => {
@@ -612,7 +607,8 @@ test("displayless candidates do not retry and confirmed boards clear candidates"
   const detector = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/board_detect.inl"), "utf8");
   const c3 = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32c3.inl"), "utf8");
   assert.match(detector, /if \(!signature\)[\s\S]*?return false;[\s\S]*?ctx\.confirm_attempted = true;/);
-  assert.match(main, /if \(board == board_t::board_unknown && no_signature\)[\s\S]*?break;/);
+  const session = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/detect_session.hpp"), "utf8");
+  assert.match(session, /outcome.reason == fail_reason_t::no_signature[\s\S]*?return outcome;/);
   assert.match(main, /if \(board != board_t::board_unknown\) \{ _board_candidate = board_t::board_unknown; \}/);
   assert.match(c3, /if \(c3_detail::sof_advances\(\)\) \{ return true; \}/);
   assert.match(c3, /ctx\.candidate = &desc_stampc3\.def;[\s\S]*?return false;/);
@@ -625,15 +621,18 @@ test("DualKey requires NC pins to float and treats a pressed second key as a can
   assert.match(order, /esp32s3_detectors_qfn56\[] = \{[\s\S]*?&dualkey_detector,[\s\S]*?nullptr/);
   assert.doesNotMatch(order, /&stamps3_detector/);
   assert.doesNotMatch(families, /ctx\.candidate = &desc_stamps3\.def/);
-  assert.match(families, /probe_pin_floating\(ctx, 38, 32\) \|\| !probe_pin_floating\(ctx, 39, 32\)/);
-  assert.match(detector, /return charged_high && held_high && charged_low && held_low;/);
+  assert.match(families, /probe_pin_pulls\(ctx, \(std::uint64_t\(1\) << 38\) \| \(std::uint64_t\(1\) << 39\), pull_release_us\)[\s\S]*?classify_pin_pull\(socket_pulls, 38\) != pull_class_t::floating[\s\S]*?classify_pin_pull\(socket_pulls, 39\) != pull_class_t::floating/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(detector, /bool probe_pin_floating\(/);
   assert.match(families, /ctx\.candidate = &desc_dualkey\.def;[\s\S]*?return false;/);
 });
 
 test("explicit fallback takes precedence over detector candidates", async (t) => {
   const m5unified = process.env.M5UNIFIED_PATH || path.resolve(root, "../../../M5Unified");
-  let source;
-  try { source = await fs.readFile(path.join(m5unified, "src/M5Unified.hpp"), "utf8"); }
+  let source, defaults;
+  try {
+    source = await fs.readFile(path.join(m5unified, "src/M5Unified.hpp"), "utf8");
+    defaults = await fs.readFile(path.join(m5unified, "src/M5Unified.inl"), "utf8");
+  }
   catch { return t.skip(`M5Unified checkout not found (${m5unified})`); }
   const selection = /bool board_detected = \(board != board_t::board_unknown\);([\s\S]*?)_board = board;/.exec(source)?.[1];
   assert.ok(selection);
@@ -642,8 +641,7 @@ test("explicit fallback takes precedence over detector candidates", async (t) =>
   const build = selection.indexOf("board = _default_fallback_board();");
   assert.ok(explicit >= 0 && explicit < candidate && candidate < build);
   assert.match(selection, /if \(!board_detected\)/);
-  const defaults = await fs.readFile(path.join(m5unified, "src/M5Unified.inl"), "utf8");
-  assert.match(defaults, /BOARD_ID == 147[\s\S]*?return board_t::board_M5DualKey;/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(defaults, /BOARD_ID/);
   assert.match(defaults, /get_pkg_ver\(\) == 1\) \{ return board_t::board_M5StampS3Mini; \}/);
 });
 
@@ -950,7 +948,7 @@ test("M5GFX wiring emitter maps every board-description GPIO", () => {
   }
   const header = renderM5GFXWiringHeader(entries.filter(({ board }) => board.chip === "esp32_d0wdq6"));
   assert.match(header, /constexpr std::int8_t display_sclk = 18;/);
-  assert.match(header, /namespace detection \{\s+constexpr std::int8_t unconditional_pins\[] = \{ 0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38 \};/);
+  assert.match(header, /namespace detection \{\s+constexpr std::int8_t unconditional_pins\[] = \{ 0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38 \};/);
   assert.deepEqual(wiringFieldsForRole(board, "bus:main_spi.sclk", parts), ["display_sclk", "shared_sd_sclk"]);
   assert.deepEqual(wiringFieldsForRole(board, "dev:lcd.rst", parts), ["display_rst"]);
   assert.deepEqual(wiringFieldsForRole(catalogBoards.find((item) => item.id === "m5dial"), "dev:touch.int", parts), ["touch_int"]);
@@ -1298,10 +1296,10 @@ test("ESP32-C6 catalogs and detector preserve both display boards", async () =>
   assert.match(esp32c6Source,
     /probe_i2c_bus_present\(ctx, c6_display_detail::sda,\s*c6_display_detail::scl\)[\s\S]*?probe_pin_pulls\(ctx, c6_display_detail::signature_bit\)/);
   assert.match(esp32c6Source,
-    /specs::unitc6l::i2c_ioe::id_reg[\s\S]*?!is_pi4io\(value\)[\s\S]*?ctx\.final_attempt[\s\S]*?transient_fallback = true/);
+    /specs::unitc6l::i2c_ioe::id_reg[\s\S]*?!is_pi4io\(value\)[\s\S]*?ctx\.candidate == nullptr[\s\S]*?ctx\.candidate = &desc_unitc6l.def;[\s\S]*?return false/);
   const c6Main = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
   assert.match(c6Main,
-    /try_setup_detected\(board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn40,[\s\S]*?board, use_reset, final_attempt, &board,[\s\S]*?transient_fallback,\s*no_signature\)/);
+    /package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn40;/);
   assert.match(esp32c6Source,
     /i2c_pi4io2::id_reg[\s\S]*?is_pi4io\(value\)[\s\S]*?i2c_pi4io1::id_reg[\s\S]*?is_pi4io\(value\)/);
   assert.match(boardRegistrySource, /is_pi4io\(std::uint8_t value\).*?\(value & 0xE0\) == 0xA0/);
@@ -1328,7 +1326,7 @@ test("ESP32-C6 catalogs and detector preserve both display boards", async () =>
   assert.equal(classify({ pulldownHigh: 0n, pullupHigh: 0n }), "none");
 
   const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
-  assert.match(main, /pkg_ver == 0[\s\S]*?try_setup_detected\(board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn40/);
+  assert.match(main, /pkg == 0[\s\S]*?package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn40/);
 });
 
 test("M5GFX probe dummy bits reject invalid catalog values", () => {
@@ -1617,7 +1615,7 @@ test("confirmed boards survive post-detection power setup failures", async () =>
   assert.match(implementation, /prepare_power\(desc, result, i2c\.port, true\)/);
   assert.match(implementation, /if \(!retain_confirmed_board\) \{ return false; \}[\s\S]*?power_on stopped after board confirmation:[\s\S]*?failed_index[\s\S]*?status[\s\S]*?0/);
   assert.match(main, /construct_result == board_detect::m5::construct_status_t::no_display[\s\S]*?transaction\.restore_start\(result\.desc->hold_high_pins\.data,[\s\S]*?result\.desc->hold_high_pins\.size\)/);
-  assert.match(main, /if \(!setup\(parts\)\)[\s\S]*?destroy_display_parts\(&parts\)[\s\S]*?transaction\.rollback\(\)/);
+  assert.match(main, /if \(!setup\(parts, setup_board\)\)[\s\S]*?destroy_display_parts\(&parts\)[\s\S]*?transaction\.rollback\(\)/);
   assert.match(setup, /destroy_display_parts\(display_parts_t\* parts\)[\s\S]*?parts->bus->release\(\)[\s\S]*?delete parts->touch;[\s\S]*?delete parts->light;[\s\S]*?delete parts->panel;[\s\S]*?delete parts->bus;/);
 });
 
@@ -1631,7 +1629,7 @@ test("embedded autodetect routes detected boards through descriptor setup", asyn
 test("confirmed boards tolerate reset-list faults while confirm remains strict", async () => {
   const implementation = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/board_detect.inl"), "utf8");
   const esp32 = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"), "utf8");
-  assert.match(implementation, /prepare_reset\(\*current, result, ctx, i2c\.port, nullptr, true\)/);
+  assert.match(implementation, /prepare_reset\(\*current, result, ctx, i2c\.port,\s*nullptr, true\)/);
   assert.match(implementation, /variant_confirmed && desc\.power\.variant_count == 1[\s\S]*?&desc\.power\.variants\[0\]/);
   assert.match(implementation, /if \(!retain_confirmed_board\) \{ return false; \}[\s\S]*?reset_release stopped after board confirmation: op=%u status=%u native=%d/);
   assert.match(implementation, /reset_assert stopped after board confirmation: op=%u status=%u native=%d/);
@@ -1641,7 +1639,8 @@ test("confirmed boards tolerate reset-list faults while confirm remains strict",
 });
 
 test("post-power member refinement and confirmed option variants are opt-in", async () => {
-  const header = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/board_detect.hpp"), "utf8");
+  const header = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/board_detect.hpp"), "utf8")
+    + await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/detect_types.hpp"), "utf8");
   const implementation = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/board_detect/board_detect.inl"), "utf8");
   assert.match(header, /refine_fn_t refine = nullptr/);
   assert.match(header, /option_select_mask;[\s\S]*?option_select_value;/);
@@ -1653,10 +1652,10 @@ test("post-power member refinement and confirmed option variants are opt-in", as
 
 test("PM1 extension failure injection rejects only its selected board", async () => {
   const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
-  assert.match(main, /board_t setup_board = board_t::board_unknown/);
+  assert.match(main, /const auto setup_board = static_cast<board_t>\(result.def->id\)/);
   assert.match(main, /FAIL_CHAINCAPTAIN_SETUP[\s\S]*?setup_board == board_t::board_M5ChainCaptain/);
   assert.match(main, /FAIL_PAPERCOLOR_SETUP[\s\S]*?setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperColor/);
-  assert.doesNotMatch(main, /FAIL_PAPERCOLOR_SETUP\)[\s\S]{0,100}\(void\)parts;\s*return false;\s*#endif\s*return _adopt/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(main, /FAIL_PAPERCOLOR_SETUP\)[\s\S]{0,100}\(void\)parts;\s*return true;\s*#endif\s*return _adopt/);
 });
 
 test("generated wiring header links from two translation units", async (t) => {
@@ -2390,7 +2389,7 @@ test("gpio_power keeps the active-high hold level for existing members", () => {
 });
 
 test("no_display_pins is used only when a display has no GPIO bus or is absent", () => {
-  const allowed = new Set(["papers3", "paperdiy", "corematrix", "corep4x", "tab5", "tab5x", "atompsram", "atomvoice", "atommatrix", "atomlite", "atomu", "stamppico", "timercam", "nanoc6", "nanoh2", "stampc3", "stampc3u", "stampc5", "stampc6", "atoms3lite", "atoms3u", "stamps3", "dualkey", "capsule", "powerhub", "atoms3rcam", "atoms3rext", "atomvoices3r", "stamps3bat", "stamps3mini", "unitpoep4", "stampp4", "stampp4x"]);
+  const allowed = new Set(["papers3", "paperdiy", "corematrix", "corep4x", "tab5", "tab5x", "atompsram", "atomvoice", "atommatrix", "atomlite", "atomu", "stamppico", "timercam", "nanoc6", "nanoh2", "stampc3", "stampc3u", "stampc5", "stampc6", "atoms3lite", "atoms3u", "stamps3", "dualkey", "capsule", "powerhub", "atoms3rcam", "atoms3rext", "atomvoices3r", "stamps3bat", "stamps3mini", "unitpoep4"]);
   for (const source of [d0wdq6Source, esp32s3Source, esp32c3Source, esp32c5Source, esp32c6Source, esp32h2Source, esp32c61Source, esp32p4Source]) {
     const descs = [...source.matchAll(/static constexpr board_desc_t desc_([a-z0-9_]+) = \{([\s\S]*?)\n\s*\};/g)];
     assert.ok(descs.length > 0);
@@ -2414,7 +2413,7 @@ test("CoreP4X generated DSI setup preserves the legacy fields", async () => {
   assert.deepEqual(detectionPinsForEntries([{ board: source, chip: chipP4, emitted: wiring }]), [9, 11]);
   assert.match(esp32p4Source, /probe_i2c_read[\s\S]*?pm1_i2c_addr[\s\S]*?200[\s\S]*?probe_i2c_read[\s\S]*?ioe1_i2c_addr[\s\S]*?200/);
   const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
-  assert.match(main, /pkg_ver == 0[\s\S]*?try_setup_detected\(board_detect::m5::esp32p4_detectors/);
+  assert.match(main, /pkg == 0[\s\S]*?package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32p4_detectors/);
 });
 
 test("Tab5 touch identities select the three DSI panels", () => {
@@ -2468,7 +2467,7 @@ test("every descriptor operation GPIO is inside its execution and rollback scope
     ["papercolor", "papercolor_power_on"],
   ]) {
     assert.match(esp32s3Source, new RegExp(
-      `ops::list\\(pmic_ops::${sequence}\\)[\\s\\S]*?desc_${boardName} = \\{[\\s\\S]*?pins\\(wiring::${boardName}::hold\\)[\\s\\S]*?pins\\(wiring::${boardName}::hold\\)`,
+      `ops::list\\(pmic_ops::${sequence}\\)[\\s\\S]*?desc_${boardName} = \\{[\\s\\S]*?pins\\(wiring::${boardName}::hold\\)[\\s\\S]*?pins\\(${boardName === "stopwatch" ? "stopwatch_startup_pins" : `wiring::${boardName}::hold`}\\)`,
     ));
     for (const pin of gpioPins[sequence]) assert.ok(s3Wiring[boardName].hold.includes(pin), `${boardName} GPIO${pin}`);
   }
@@ -2603,9 +2602,9 @@ test("CoreS3 family catalog keeps shared wiring and option power variants", asyn
   assert.match(coreSource, /probe_i2c_read[\s\S]*?pmic::id_reg[\s\S]*?pmic::id_value[\s\S]*?probe_i2c_read[\s\S]*?i2c_io_expander::id_reg[\s\S]*?i2c_io_expander::id_value/);
   assert.match(coreSource, /i2c_camera::i2c_addr[\s\S]*?i2c_camera::id_reg[\s\S]*?i2c_camera::id_value/);
   assert.match(coreSource, /One post-power read is deliberately retained[\s\S]*?camera_id\(probe\)/);
-  assert.match(coreSource, /camera_id\(ctx\)[\s\S]*?probe_dedicated_pin_release[\s\S]*?RELEASE_AMBIGUOUS[\s\S]*?biasing toward camera family/);
-  assert.match(coreSource, /release_was_unavailable[\s\S]*?result\.assign\(&desc_cores3se\)/);
-  assert.match(coreSource, /!release\.available[\s\S]*?release_probe_unavailable/);
+  assert.match(coreSource, /camera_id\(ctx\)[\s\S]*?probe_dedicated_pin_release[\s\S]*?RELEASE_AMBIGUOUS[\s\S]*?awaiting member refinement/);
+  assert.match(coreSource, /band == release_unavailable[\s\S]*?result\.assign\(&desc_cores3se\)/);
+  assert.match(coreSource, /release_unavailable = !release\.available/);
   assert.match(coreSource, /internal_camera_confirmed[\s\S]*?if \(!confirmed_before_power\)/);
   assert.match(coreSource, /i2c_stackchan_ioe::i2c_addr[\s\S]*?i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_reg[\s\S]*?i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_min/);
   const generatedSpecs = await fs.readFile(
@@ -2628,8 +2627,8 @@ test("CoreS3 family catalog keeps shared wiring and option power variants", asyn
   assert.match(coreSource, /refine_panel[\s\S]*?soft_spi_read32\(\s*probe, display\.sclk, display\.mosi, display\.mosi, display\.dc/);
   assert.doesNotMatch(detectorSource, /pin_miso_ == pin_dc_/);
   const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(root, "../../src/M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
-  assert.match(main, /assigned before prepare\/refine[\s\S]*?representative family ID[\s\S]*?setup_board = static_cast<board_t>\(result\.def->id\)/);
-  assert.match(main, /case 0: detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_qfn56;[\s\S]*?case 1: detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_lga56;[\s\S]*?try_setup_detected\(detectors, board/);
+  assert.match(main, /representative before refine[\s\S]*?setup_board = static_cast<board_t>\(result\.def->id\)/);
+  assert.match(main, /case 0: package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_qfn56;[\s\S]*?case 1: package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_lga56;[\s\S]*?run_detection_attempt\(package.detectors/);
 });
 
 test("detect classes include only explicit pins and retain 64-bit GPIO masks", () => {
@@ -2709,3 +2708,15 @@ test("detect classes reject user connectors and buttons", () => {
   button[1].detect_class = "down";
   assert.ok(validate().some((issue) => issue.id === "E_DETECT_CLASS_BUTTON"));
 });
+
+
+test("AXP family measurement pins are captured without other board descriptors", () => {
+  for (const id of ["m5stack_core2", "m5tough"]) {
+    const board = catalogBoards.find((item) => item.id === id);
+    const resolved = resolveAll(board, connectorTypes, { chip: chips[board.chip], parts })[0].board;
+    const emitted = emitM5GFXWiring(resolved, parts, target);
+    const header = renderM5GFXWiringHeader([{ board, chip: chips[board.chip], emitted }]);
+    const pins = /unconditional_pins\[\] = \{ ([^}]*) \}/.exec(header)[1].split(", ").map(Number);
+    for (const pin of [12, 32, 33]) assert.ok(pins.includes(pin), `${id}: G${pin} must be captured`);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detect_attempt.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_attempt.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb8c723d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_attempt.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+const here = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const src = path.resolve(here, "../../../src");
+import { body, compileRun } from "./detect_host_helpers.js";
+
+test("production attempt yields before construction and preserves adoption and rollback semantics", async () => {
+  const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
+  const attempt = body(main, "static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_detection_attempt(");
+  const finish = body(main, "static board_detect::detect_outcome_t finish_detection_setup(");
+  const compat = body(main, "board_t M5GFX::autodetect(");
+  const projection = main.slice(main.indexOf("    const auto board = outcome.setup_succeeded"), main.indexOf("#if defined ( ARDUINO_M5STACK_ATOM )", main.indexOf("    const auto board = outcome.setup_succeeded")));
+  const header = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "M5GFX.h"), "utf8");
+  const candidateGetter = body(header, "board_t getBoardCandidate(");
+  await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#define CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6 1
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) ((void)0)
+#define ESP_LOGI(...) ((void)0)
+using namespace m5gfx;
+enum class board_t : std::uint32_t {board_unknown=0,member=1};
+int rollback_count, commit_count, construct_count, adopt_count, reset_count;
+bool power_failed, prepare_ok, adopt_ok, construct_ok, no_display;
+namespace lgfx { namespace i2c { bool isInitialized(int) { return false; } } }
+namespace m5gfx { namespace board_detect {
+struct board_desc_t { board_def_t def; struct { int hw_port; } internal_i2c; struct { const int* data; int size; } hold_high_pins; };
+void board_result_t::assign(const board_desc_t* d) { desc=d; def=&d->def; }
+const board_desc_t* refined_member=nullptr;
+struct board_detector_t {};
+struct prepare_ctx_t { bool allow_reset; board_id_t preferred; unsigned attempt; bool final_attempt; int i2c_port_probe; detection_transaction_t* transaction; const board_id_t* enabled_ids; };
+struct probe_ctx_t : prepare_ctx_t { bool confirm_attempted; };
+inline int pins(int) {return 0;} inline int no_pins() {return 0;}
+struct detection_transaction_t {
+ detection_transaction_t(int,int,bool) {} bool valid() {return true;}
+ void rollback() {++rollback_count;} void commit() {++commit_count;}
+ void restore_start(const int*, int) {++reset_count;}
+ struct buses_t {void opened_i2c(int) {}} buses_;
+ buses_t& buses() {return buses_;}
+};
+board_result_t detected;
+board_result_t detect_board(const board_detector_t* const*, board_id_t, probe_ctx_t& p) {p.confirm_attempted=true; return detected;}
+bool prepare(const board_desc_t&, board_result_t& r, const prepare_ctx_t&) {if(power_failed) {r.provisional=true;} else if(refined_member) {r.assign(refined_member);}
+ return prepare_ok;}
+namespace m5 {
+namespace wiring { namespace detection { const int unconditional_pins=0; } }
+struct display_parts_t {int* bus=nullptr;int* panel=nullptr;int* light=nullptr;int* touch=nullptr;};
+enum class construct_status_t {failed, no_display, success};
+construct_status_t setup_detected_board(const board_result_t&, display_parts_t*) {++construct_count; return !construct_ok ? construct_status_t::failed : no_display ? construct_status_t::no_display : construct_status_t::success;}
+void destroy_display_parts(display_parts_t*) {}
+struct log_t {const char* name; const char* annotation;};
+log_t success_log(const board_result_t&) {return {nullptr,nullptr};}
+}
+} }
+const int probe_i2c_port=0;
+template<class SetupDetected> board_detect::detect_outcome_t finish_detection_setup(board_detect::board_result_t& result, board_detect::detect_outcome_t outcome, board_detect::detection_transaction_t& transaction, board_t setup_board, SetupDetected setup) ${finish}
+template<class SetupDetected> board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_detection_attempt(const board_detect::board_detector_t* const* detectors, const board_detect::detect_request_t& request, bool final_attempt, SetupDetected setup) ${attempt}
+struct package_t {const board_detect::board_detector_t* const* detectors;bool conditional_pins_unavailable=false;};
+package_t active_package;
+package_t select_detection_package(bool) {return active_package;}
+bool reject_detected_setup(board_t) {return false;}
+struct holder_t {int* get() {return nullptr;}};
+struct M5GFX {
+ board_t _board=board_t::board_unknown,_board_candidate=board_t::board_unknown;
+ board_t getBoard() const {return _board;}
+ board_t getBoardCandidate() const ${candidateGetter}
+ void project(const board_detect::detect_outcome_t& outcome) { ${projection} }
+ struct {board_t fallback_board=board_t::board_unknown;} _detect_config;
+ holder_t _panel_last;
+ void panel(int*) {}
+ bool _adopt_detected_parts(int*,int*,int*,int*) {return true;}
+ board_t autodetect(bool use_reset,board_t board,bool final_attempt,bool* transient_fallback,bool* no_signature,board_t* candidate_board) ${compat}
+};
+int main() {
+ using namespace board_detect;
+ const board_desc_t desc={{1,"member",0},{-1},{nullptr,0}};
+ const board_detector_t d; const board_detector_t* list[]={&d,nullptr};
+ for(int provisional=0; provisional<2; ++provisional)
+ for(int preferred=0; preferred<3; ++preferred)
+ for(int failure=0; failure<4; ++failure)
+ for(int displayless=0; displayless<2; ++displayless) {
+  rollback_count=commit_count=construct_count=adopt_count=reset_count=0;
+  detected={}; detected.assign(&desc); detected.status=detect_status_t::matched;
+  power_failed=provisional; prepare_ok=failure!=1; construct_ok=failure!=2; adopt_ok=failure!=3; no_display=displayless;
+  detect_request_t req; req.preferred=preferred; req.max_attempts=5;
+  auto out=run_detection_session(req,[&](const detect_request_t& r,bool final) {
+   return run_detection_attempt(list,r,final,[](m5::display_parts_t&,board_t) {++adopt_count; return adopt_ok;});
+  });
+  const bool yields=provisional && preferred==2 && prepare_ok;
+  const bool success=failure==0 && !yields;
+  M5GFX standalone;standalone.project(out);
+  assert(standalone.getBoard()==(success?board_t::member:board_t::board_unknown));
+  assert(standalone.getBoardCandidate()==(provisional&&!success?board_t::member:board_t::board_unknown));
+  assert(out.setup_succeeded==success);
+  assert(out.verdict==(provisional ? verdict_t::candidate : verdict_t::confirmed));
+  assert(out.candidate_kind==(provisional ? candidate_kind_t::provisional : candidate_kind_t::none));
+  assert(out.attempts==(success ? 1:5));
+  assert(construct_count==(failure==1||yields ? 0:out.attempts));
+  assert(adopt_count==(failure==1||failure==2||yields ? 0:out.attempts));
+  assert(commit_count==int(success)); assert(rollback_count==(success ? 0:out.attempts));
+  assert(!yields || out.result.candidate==&desc.def);
+  assert(should_persist_detection(out,0)==(success&&!provisional));
+ }
+ // A retained power failure retries without construction, then refinement can select the preference.
+ const board_desc_t preferred_desc={{2,"preferred",0},{-1},{nullptr,0}};
+ rollback_count=commit_count=construct_count=adopt_count=reset_count=0;
+ detected={};detected.assign(&desc);detected.status=detect_status_t::matched;
+ prepare_ok=construct_ok=adopt_ok=true;no_display=false;refined_member=&preferred_desc;
+ detect_request_t recovery;recovery.preferred=2;recovery.max_attempts=5;
+ auto recovered=run_detection_session(recovery,[&](const detect_request_t& r,bool final) {
+  power_failed=r.attempt==0;
+  return run_detection_attempt(list,r,final,[](m5::display_parts_t&,board_t){++adopt_count;return true;});
+ });
+ assert(recovered.attempts==2&&recovered.setup_succeeded&&recovered.result.def==&preferred_desc.def);
+ assert(recovered.verdict==verdict_t::confirmed&&recovered.candidate_kind==candidate_kind_t::none);
+ assert(construct_count==1&&adopt_count==1&&rollback_count==1&&commit_count==1);
+ // The final refined provisional member replaces the initial retained representative.
+ rollback_count=commit_count=construct_count=adopt_count=reset_count=0;
+ recovery.preferred=3;recovery.hint=2;
+ auto yielded=run_detection_session(recovery,[&](const detect_request_t& r,bool final) {
+  detected={};detected.assign(&desc);detected.status=detect_status_t::matched;
+  power_failed=r.attempt==0;prepare_ok=r.attempt==0||final;
+  detected.provisional=final;refined_member=final?&preferred_desc:nullptr;
+  return run_detection_attempt(list,r,final,[](m5::display_parts_t&,board_t){++adopt_count;return true;});
+ });
+ assert(yielded.attempts==5&&!yielded.setup_succeeded&&yielded.result.candidate==&preferred_desc.def);
+ assert(yielded.candidate_kind==candidate_kind_t::provisional&&yielded.verdict==verdict_t::candidate);
+ M5GFX projected;projected.project(yielded);
+ assert(projected.getBoard()==board_t::board_unknown&&projected.getBoardCandidate()==static_cast<board_t>(2));
+ assert(construct_count==0&&adopt_count==0&&rollback_count==5&&commit_count==0);
+ assert(!should_persist_detection(yielded,0));
+ refined_member=nullptr;
+ // The protected compatibility wrapper must deliver QFN40 weak candidates.
+ detected={};detected.candidate=&desc.def;detected.status=detect_status_t::no_match;
+ active_package.detectors=list;M5GFX gfx;board_t candidate=board_t::board_unknown;
+ bool transient=false,no_signature=false;
+ assert(gfx.autodetect(false,board_t::board_unknown,true,&transient,&no_signature,&candidate)==board_t::board_unknown);
+ assert(candidate==board_t::member);assert(!transient);
+}
+`, "attempt");
+});
+
+test("public config stores the next preference and warns after either successful or failed init", async () => {
+ const main=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"M5GFX.cpp"),"utf8");
+ const header=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"M5GFX.h"),"utf8");
+ const setter=body(main,"void M5GFX::setDetectConfig(");
+ const config=body(header,"struct detect_config_t");
+ const getter=body(header,"const detect_config_t& getDetectConfig(");
+ await compileRun(`
+#include <cassert>
+#define ESP_PLATFORM 1
+int warnings=0;
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) (++warnings)
+enum class board_t {board_unknown,member,other};
+struct detect_config_t ${config};
+struct M5GFX {detect_config_t _detect_config;bool _detect_started=false;board_t adopted=board_t::board_unknown;
+ void setDetectConfig(const detect_config_t& config) ${setter}
+ const detect_config_t& getDetectConfig() const ${getter}
+};
+int main(){M5GFX gfx;detect_config_t cfg;assert(gfx.getDetectConfig().fallback_board==board_t::board_unknown);
+ cfg.fallback_board=board_t::member;gfx.setDetectConfig(cfg);assert(warnings==0);
+ gfx._detect_started=true;gfx.setDetectConfig(cfg);assert(warnings==0);assert(gfx.adopted==board_t::board_unknown);
+ gfx.adopted=board_t::member;cfg.fallback_board=board_t::other;gfx.setDetectConfig(cfg);
+ assert(warnings==1);assert(gfx.adopted==board_t::member);assert(gfx.getDetectConfig().fallback_board==board_t::other);
+ cfg.fallback_board=board_t::board_unknown;gfx.setDetectConfig(cfg);assert(gfx.getDetectConfig().fallback_board==board_t::board_unknown);assert(warnings==2);
+ cfg.fixed_board=board_t::member;gfx.setDetectConfig(cfg);assert(warnings==3);
+ gfx.setDetectConfig(cfg);assert(warnings==3);assert(gfx.adopted==board_t::member);
+ cfg.fixed_board=board_t::other;gfx.setDetectConfig(cfg);assert(warnings==4);
+}
+`,"public config");
+});
+
+test("production init restores panel according to adoption independently of verdict", async () => {
+  const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
+  const start = main.indexOf("        if (!package.direct_setup ||");
+  assert.ok(start >= 0);
+  const restore = main.slice(start, main.indexOf("        return result;", start));
+  await compileRun([
+    '#include "board_detect/detect_types.hpp"',
+    '#include <cassert>',
+    'using namespace m5gfx;',
+    'int calls, clears;',
+    'void panel(int* p) {++calls; if (!p) ++clears;}',
+    'struct holder_t {int value; int* get() {return &value;}} _panel_last;',
+    'void restore(bool direct, const board_detect::detect_outcome_t& result) {',
+    'struct {bool direct_setup;} package={direct};',
+    restore,
+    '}',
+    'int main() {for(int verdict=0;verdict<3;++verdict) for(int adopted=0;adopted<2;++adopted) for(int direct=0;direct<2;++direct) {',
+    'calls=clears=0;board_detect::detect_outcome_t result;',
+    'result.verdict=static_cast<board_detect::verdict_t>(verdict);result.setup_succeeded=adopted;',
+    'restore(direct,result);',
+    'assert(calls==(!direct?1:adopted?0:2));assert(clears==(direct&&!adopted));',
+    '}}',
+  ].join("\n"), "panel restoration");
+});
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detect_families.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_families.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..853f3757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_families.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { body, compileRun } from "./detect_host_helpers.js";
+const here = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const src = path.resolve(here, "../../../src/board_detect");
+const common = `
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
+#include "board_detect/detect_class.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) ((void)0)
+#define ESP_LOGD(...) ((void)0)
+#define ESP_LOGI(...) ((void)0)
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+namespace m5gfx { namespace board_detect {
+struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;};
+void board_result_t::assign(const board_desc_t* d) {desc=d; def=&d->def;}
+struct prepare_ctx_t {board_id_t preferred=0,hint=0; unsigned attempt=0; bool final_attempt=false;};
+struct probe_ctx_t : prepare_ctx_t {bool family_identified=false;const board_def_t* candidate=nullptr; bool conditional_pins_unavailable=false;};
+} }
+const board_desc_t desc_core2={{1,"Core2",0}},desc_tough={{2,"Tough",0}},desc_cardputer={{3,"Cardputer",0}},desc_cardputer_adv={{4,"ADV",0}},desc_vameter={{5,"VAMeter",0}},desc_unitc6l={{6,"UnitC6L",0}},desc_nesson1={{7,"NessoN1",0}},desc_papers3={{8,"PaperS3",0}},desc_paperdiy={{9,"PaperDIY",0}};
+`;
+
+test("production Core2 and Cardputer selectors cover preference, hint and observed compatibility", async () => {
+  const detector = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+  const core = await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"),"utf8");
+  const families = await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+  const helper = body(detector,"static bool select_provisional_member");
+  const begin=core.indexOf('const auto possible = [&](board_id_t id)'), end=core.indexOf('\n      log_panel_variant',begin);
+  const selectCore=core.slice(begin, end).replace(/\n      }\s*$/, "");
+  const card=body(families.slice(families.indexOf('class cardputer_family_detector_t')),"bool confirm(");
+  await compileRun(common+`
+namespace wiring {
+namespace cardputer { namespace cardputer_subdivision {constexpr int sense_pins[]={0,1,2,3}; constexpr int vameter_i2c_sda=0,vameter_i2c_scl=1; constexpr int vameter_i2c_addrs[]={0x40,0x41};} }
+namespace cardputer_adv {constexpr int internal_i2c_sda=2,internal_i2c_scl=3;}
+}
+namespace specs {namespace cardputer {constexpr bool bus_three_wire=true;}}
+const int cardputer_probes[]={1};
+using pulls_t=pin_pull_result_t;
+constexpr unsigned pull_release_us=128;
+std::uint64_t observed;
+bool probe_spi_id(probe_ctx_t&,const board_desc_t& d,const int*,int,board_result_t* r,bool) {r->assign(&d); return true;}
+pulls_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t,unsigned release=0) {pulls_t r;r.pulldown_high=observed;r.pullup_high=15;r.pulldown_release_high=observed;r.pullup_release_high=15;r.release_sampled=release!=0;return r;}
+pulls_t recover_held_sda_and_resample(probe_ctx_t&,pulls_t p,std::uint64_t,int,int) {return p;}
+bool probe_i2c_read(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int,int,std::uint8_t*,int,int,int,bool) {return false;}
+bool probe_i2c_ack(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int) {return false;}
+bool select_provisional_member(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result,const board_desc_t* preferred_if_possible,const board_desc_t* hinted_if_possible,const board_desc_t* family_default,const char* why) ${helper}
+namespace generated_options {namespace core2 {constexpr unsigned new_pmic=1;}}
+struct tx_t {void restore_start(int) {}};
+bool core_select(prepare_ctx_t ctx,board_result_t& result) {tx_t tx; struct wrapper: prepare_ctx_t {tx_t* transaction;}; wrapper wrapped; static_cast<prepare_ctx_t&>(wrapped)=ctx; wrapped.transaction=&tx; const auto signals=0;
+ ${selectCore.replaceAll('ctx.transaction','wrapped.transaction')}
+ return true;
+}
+bool card_select(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${card}
+int main() {
+ for(bool new_pmic: {false,true}) for(bool hint_present: {false,true}) for(board_id_t preferred: {board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(42)}) {
+  prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.preferred=preferred;ctx.hint=hint_present ? 2:0;board_result_t r;r.option=new_pmic?generated_options::core2::new_pmic:0;
+  ctx.final_attempt=false;assert(!core_select(ctx,r));ctx.final_attempt=true;assert(core_select(ctx,r));
+  assert(r.provisional);assert(r.def->id==(preferred==1 ? 1:preferred==2&&!new_pmic ? 2:hint_present&&!new_pmic ? 2:1));
+  detect_outcome_t out;out.result=r;const bool setup=finalize_prepared_result(out,preferred);
+  assert(setup==(preferred==0||preferred==r.def->id));assert(!should_persist_detection(out,0));
+ }
+ for(std::uint64_t mask: {std::uint64_t(3),std::uint64_t(12)})
+ for(board_id_t preferred: {board_id_t(0),board_id_t(3),board_id_t(4),board_id_t(5),board_id_t(42)})
+ for(board_id_t hint: {board_id_t(0),board_id_t(3),board_id_t(4),board_id_t(5)}) {
+  observed=mask;probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.hint=hint;ctx.preferred=preferred;board_result_t r;
+  assert(!card_select(ctx,&r));ctx.final_attempt=true;assert(card_select(ctx,&r));assert(r.provisional);
+  const auto compatible=[&](board_id_t id){return id==3||(id==4&&mask==12)||(id==5&&mask==3);};
+  const auto expected=compatible(preferred)?preferred:compatible(hint)?hint:3;
+  assert(r.def->id==expected);detect_outcome_t out;out.result=r;
+  assert(finalize_prepared_result(out,preferred)==(preferred==0||preferred==expected));
+ }
+}
+`,"provisional selectors");
+});
+
+test("production SPI and Paper hint restrictions recover a different member on attempt one", async () => {
+ const detector=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const families=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+ const spi=body(detector.slice(detector.indexOf('class spi_id_detector_t')),'bool confirm(');
+ const paper=body(families.slice(families.indexOf('class paper_family_detector_t')),'bool confirm(');
+ const main=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"../M5GFX.cpp"),"utf8");
+ const compat=body(main,"board_t M5GFX::autodetect(").replaceAll("board_t::board_unknown","board_id_unknown");
+ await compileRun(common+`
+struct member_t {const board_desc_t* desc;};
+namespace wiring {namespace papers3 {constexpr int internal_i2c_sda=0,internal_i2c_scl=1;}}
+namespace pmic_ops {constexpr int pm1_i2c_addr=0x6e,pm1_i2c_freq=100000,pm1_device_id=0x2050;}
+namespace specs {namespace papers3 {namespace touch {constexpr int i2c_freq=400000;}}}
+board_id_t actual;
+bool probe_i2c_read(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int addr,int,std::uint8_t* p,int,int,int,bool=false) {
+ if(actual==9&&addr==0x6e) {p[0]=0x50;p[1]=0x20;return true;}
+ if(actual==8&&addr==0x14) {p[0]='9';p[1]='1';p[2]='1';p[3]=0;return true;}return false;
+}
+struct spi_t {
+ bool shared_id_read_=false;std::uint8_t member_count_=2;
+ member_t members_desc_[2]={{&desc_core2},{&desc_tough}};
+ bool probe_family(probe_ctx_t&,board_result_t*) const {return false;}
+ bool probe_member(probe_ctx_t&,const member_t& m,board_result_t* r) const {if(m.desc->def.id!=actual) {return false;}r->assign(m.desc);return true;}
+ bool confirm(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) const ${spi}
+};
+bool paper_confirm(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${paper}
+using board_t=board_id_t;
+namespace board_detect=m5gfx::board_detect;
+namespace m5gfx {namespace board_detect {namespace m5 {
+ struct display_parts_t {int* bus=nullptr;int* panel=nullptr;int* light=nullptr;int* touch=nullptr;};
+}}}
+struct package_t {const int* detectors=nullptr;bool conditional_pins_unavailable=false;};
+package_t select_detection_package(bool) {static const int family=1;package_t p;p.detectors=&family;return p;}
+bool reject_detected_setup(board_t) {return false;}
+template<class Setup> detect_outcome_t run_detection_attempt(const int*,const detect_request_t& request,bool final,Setup) {
+ probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.hint=request.hint;ctx.attempt=request.attempt;ctx.final_attempt=final;detect_outcome_t out;
+ if(actual<3 ? spi_t{}.confirm(ctx,&out.result):paper_confirm(ctx,&out.result)) {
+  finalize_prepared_result(out,request.preferred);out.setup_succeeded=true;
+ }
+ return out;
+}
+struct M5GFX {
+ struct {board_t fallback_board=0;} _detect_config;
+ struct {int* get() {return nullptr;}} _panel_last;
+ void panel(int*) {}
+ bool _adopt_detected_parts(int*,int*,int*,int*) {return true;}
+ board_t autodetect(bool use_reset,board_t board,bool final_attempt,bool* transient_fallback,bool* no_signature,board_t* candidate_board) ${compat}
+};
+int main() {
+ for(board_id_t target: {board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(8),board_id_t(9)}) {
+  actual=target;probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.hint=target<3 ? 3-target:17-target;board_result_t r;
+  const auto confirm=[&](const detect_request_t& req,bool) {ctx.attempt=req.attempt;ctx.hint=req.hint;ctx.final_attempt=req.attempt+1==req.max_attempts;detect_outcome_t out;
+    bool match=target<3 ? spi_t{}.confirm(ctx,&out.result):paper_confirm(ctx,&out.result);
+    if(match) {finalize_prepared_result(out,0);out.setup_succeeded=true;}return out;};
+  detect_request_t req;req.max_attempts=5;req.hint=ctx.hint;auto out=run_detection_session(req,confirm);
+  assert(out.setup_succeeded&&out.result.def->id==target&&out.attempts==2);assert(out.verdict==verdict_t::confirmed);
+  ctx.attempt=0;ctx.final_attempt=true;board_result_t final_result;
+  assert(target<3 ? spi_t{}.confirm(ctx,&final_result):paper_confirm(ctx,&final_result));
+  assert(final_result.def->id==target);
+  M5GFX gfx;board_t candidate=0;bool transient=false,no_signature=false;
+  assert(gfx.autodetect(false,ctx.hint,false,&transient,&no_signature,&candidate)==0);
+  assert(gfx.autodetect(false,ctx.hint,true,&transient,&no_signature,&candidate)==target);
+ }
+}
+`,"retry hint restrictions");
+});
+
+test("production C6 display signature returns an unsaved weak UnitC6L independently of hint", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32c6/c6_display.inl"),"utf8");
+ const family=source.slice(source.indexOf('class c6_display_family_detector_t'));
+ const signature=body(family,'bool signature('),confirm=body(family,'bool confirm(');
+ await compileRun(common+`
+namespace c6_display_detail {constexpr int sda=0,scl=1,pi4io_freq=100000;constexpr std::uint64_t signature_bit=1ull<<18;enum class candidate_t {none,unitc6l,nesson1};}
+namespace wiring {namespace unitc6l {constexpr int internal_i2c_sda=0,internal_i2c_scl=1;}}
+namespace specs {namespace unitc6l {namespace i2c_ioe {constexpr int i2c_addr=0x43,id_reg=0,i2c_freq=100000;}}
+namespace nesson1 {namespace i2c_pi4io1 {constexpr int i2c_addr=0x43,id_reg=0;}namespace i2c_pi4io2 {constexpr int i2c_addr=0x44,id_reg=0;}}}
+bool present, responds, high;
+bool probe_i2c_bus_present(probe_ctx_t&,int,int) {return present;}
+struct pulls_t {std::uint64_t pullup_high;};
+pulls_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t) {return {high?c6_display_detail::signature_bit:0};}
+bool probe_i2c_read(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int,int,std::uint8_t* p,int,int,int) {*p=0xa0;return responds;}
+bool is_pi4io(std::uint8_t p) {return (p&0xe0)==0xa0;}
+struct c6_t {mutable c6_display_detail::candidate_t candidate_;
+ bool signature(probe_ctx_t& ctx) const ${signature}
+ bool confirm(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) const ${confirm}
+};
+int main() {
+ for(bool bus:{false,true}) for(bool response:{false,true}) for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(6),board_id_t(42)}) {
+ present=bus;responds=response;high=true;c6_t detector;detect_request_t req;req.hint=hint;req.max_attempts=5;
+ auto out=run_detection_session(req,[&](const detect_request_t& r,bool last){probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.hint=r.hint;ctx.final_attempt=last;detect_outcome_t out;
+  if(!detector.signature(ctx)) {out.reason=fail_reason_t::no_signature;return out;}
+  if(detector.confirm(ctx,&out.result)) {finalize_prepared_result(out,0);out.setup_succeeded=true;}
+  else if(ctx.candidate) {out.verdict=verdict_t::candidate;out.candidate_kind=candidate_kind_t::weak;out.result.candidate=ctx.candidate;}
+  return out;
+ });
+ assert(out.verdict==(!bus?verdict_t::unknown:response?verdict_t::confirmed:verdict_t::candidate));
+ assert(out.setup_succeeded==(bus&&response));assert(!bus||response||out.result.candidate==&desc_unitc6l.def);
+ assert(should_persist_detection(out,0)==(bus&&response));assert(out.attempts==(!bus||response?1:5));
+ }
+ present=true;responds=false;high=true;c6_t detector;probe_ctx_t ctx;board_result_t result;
+ ctx.candidate=&desc_core2.def;
+ assert(detector.signature(ctx));assert(!detector.confirm(ctx,&result));
+ assert(ctx.candidate==&desc_core2.def);
+ ctx.candidate=nullptr;assert(!detector.confirm(ctx,&result));
+ assert(ctx.candidate==&desc_unitc6l.def);
+}
+`,"C6 weak candidate");
+});
+
+test("production Atom pull mismatch stays provisional on attempt zero and Stack requires physical evidence", async () => {
+ const atomSource=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32_pico.inl"),"utf8");
+ const stackSource=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"),"utf8");
+ const atom=body(atomSource.slice(atomSource.indexOf('class atom_family_detector_t')),'bool probe(');
+ const stack=body(stackSource.slice(stackSource.indexOf('class stack_family_detector_t')),'bool signature(');
+
+ await compileRun(common+`
+struct tx_t {void restore_start(std::initializer_list<int>){} void restore_start(int){} } tx;
+struct hw_ctx_t:probe_ctx_t {tx_t* transaction=&tx;struct {std::uint64_t values[3];} detector_workspace;};
+const board_desc_t desc_atomvoice={{10,"Voice",0}},desc_atommatrix={{11,"Matrix",0}},desc_atomlite={{12,"Lite",0}},desc_atomu={{13,"U",0}};
+bool g2_high=true,voice=false;unsigned touch_scans=0;
+namespace lgfx {enum class pin_mode_t {input,input_pullup,input_pulldown};pin_mode_t mode;void pinMode(int pin,pin_mode_t m){if(pin==23)mode=m;}bool gpio_in(int pin) {if(pin==2)return g2_high;if(pin==34)return voice||mode==pin_mode_t::input_pullup;return false;}}
+void esp_rom_delay_us(int){}
+namespace atom_touch {bool measure(std::uint32_t* a,std::uint32_t* b){++touch_scans;*a=100;*b=25;return true;}void clear_led(){}}
+constexpr unsigned pull_release_us=128;
+int sd_class=2;int g18_class=2,g12_class=0,g32_class=2;unsigned g32_reads=0;
+pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(hw_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t mask,unsigned release=0) {
+ pin_pull_result_t p;
+ int c=mask==(1ULL<<18)?g18_class:mask==(1ULL<<12)?g12_class:mask==(1ULL<<32)?g32_class:sd_class;
+ if(mask==(1ULL<<32)){++g32_reads;assert(release==128);}
+ if(c==3||c==1)p.pulldown_high=mask;
+ if(c>=2)p.pullup_high=mask;
+ p.release_sampled=release;
+ if(c==2||c==5)p.pullup_release_high=mask;
+ if(c==5||c==6)p.pulldown_release_high=mask;
+ return p;
+}
+struct atom_t {mutable bool measured_=false,touch_ok_=false;mutable std::uint32_t t4_=0,t7_=0;
+ bool probe(hw_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) const ${atom}
+};
+struct stack_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {int dc,cs;} display;};
+const stack_desc_t desc_stack={{14,"Stack",0},{0,1}};
+namespace startup_detail {bool description_valid(const stack_desc_t&){return true;}bool gpio_valid(int){return true;}void pin_level(int,bool){}}
+namespace detail {bool sd_pull_mask(const stack_desc_t&,std::uint64_t* mask){*mask=3;return true;}}
+bool stack_signature(hw_ctx_t& ctx) ${stack}
+int main() {
+ atom_t detector;detect_request_t req;req.max_attempts=5;
+ auto out=run_detection_session(req,[&](const detect_request_t& r,bool){hw_ctx_t ctx;ctx.attempt=r.attempt;detect_outcome_t out;
+ assert(detector.probe(ctx,&out.result));assert(out.result.def==&desc_atommatrix.def);assert(out.result.provisional);
+ finalize_prepared_result(out,0);out.setup_succeeded=true;return out;});
+ assert(out.attempts==1&&out.candidate_kind==candidate_kind_t::provisional);assert(!should_persist_detection(out,0));
+ for(bool final:{false,true}) for(bool hinted:{false,true}) {
+ hw_ctx_t ctx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.hint=hinted?14:0;
+ for(int bias=0;bias<7;++bias)for(int sd=0;sd<4;++sd){g32_class=bias;sd_class=sd;assert(stack_signature(ctx)==(sd==3));assert(g32_reads==0);}
+
+ sd_class=3;g32_reads=0;assert(stack_signature(ctx));assert(g32_reads==0);
+ }
+ g2_high=false;voice=true;atom_t excluded;board_result_t excluded_result;hw_ctx_t excluded_ctx;
+ assert(!excluded.probe(excluded_ctx,&excluded_result));g2_high=true;
+ for(int c:{0,1,3}){g18_class=c;assert(!excluded.probe(excluded_ctx,&excluded_result));}
+ g18_class=2;g12_class=3;assert(excluded.probe(excluded_ctx,&excluded_result));
+ assert(excluded_result.def==&desc_atomvoice.def&&!excluded_result.provisional);
+ assert(touch_scans==1);voice=false;
+ g18_class=3;atom_t blocked;board_result_t result;hw_ctx_t ctx;
+ assert(!blocked.probe(ctx,&result)&&!blocked.measured_);
+ g18_class=2;
+ for(int c=1;c<4;++c){g12_class=c;assert(!blocked.probe(ctx,&result)&&!blocked.measured_);}
+}
+`,"Atom and Stack gates");
+});
+
+test("production PM1 unresolved tail keeps PaperMono without running hinted StopWatch power", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+ const begin=source.indexOf('      if (!ctx.final_attempt)');
+ const end=source.indexOf('\n    }',begin);
+ const tail=source.slice(begin,end);
+ await compileRun(common+`
+const board_desc_t desc_stopwatch={{20,"StopWatch",0}},desc_papermono={{21,"PaperMono",0}};
+int power_calls=0;
+namespace startup_detail {bool prepare_power(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,int,bool) {++power_calls;return true;}}
+bool refine_tail(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) {
+ bool stopwatch_touch=false;struct {bool opened;int port;} i2c={true,0};
+ ${tail}
+}
+int main(){for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(20),board_id_t(21)}) for(board_id_t preferred:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(20),board_id_t(21)}) {
+ prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.hint=hint;ctx.preferred=preferred;board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc_papermono);
+ assert(!refine_tail(r,ctx));ctx.final_attempt=true;assert(refine_tail(r,ctx));
+ assert(r.def==&desc_papermono.def&&r.provisional);assert(power_calls==0);
+ detect_outcome_t out;out.result=r;assert(finalize_prepared_result(out,preferred)==(preferred!=20));
+}}
+`,"PM1 fixed representative");
+});
+
+test("production PM1 pre-power table gates writes and fixes observed members", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+ const detector=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const confirm=body(source.slice(source.indexOf('class pm1_family_detector_t')),'bool confirm(');
+ const helper=body(detector,'static bool select_provisional_member');
+ await compileRun(common+`
+const board_desc_t desc_stopwatch={{20,"StopWatch",0}},desc_papermono={{21,"PaperMono",0}};
+namespace wiring {namespace stopwatch {constexpr int internal_i2c_sda=1,internal_i2c_scl=2;}
+namespace papermono {constexpr int internal_i2c_sda=1,internal_i2c_scl=2;}}
+namespace detail {constexpr int stopwatch_probe_addr=0x15,papermono_probe_addr=0x38;
+bool refine_papermono_touch(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){return true;}}
+struct pulls_t {std::uint64_t pulldown_high,pullup_high;};
+int sw,pm,g12,g13,reads;bool pm1_identity=true;
+pulls_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t){return {std::uint64_t(g12&1)<<12|std::uint64_t(g13&1)<<13,std::uint64_t((g12>>1)&1)<<12|std::uint64_t((g13>>1)&1)<<13};}
+bool probe_i2c_ack(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int addr){++reads;assert(addr==0x15||addr==0x38);return addr==0x15?sw:pm;}
+bool probe_i2c_read(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int addr,int,std::uint8_t* data,int,int,int){data[0]=0x50;data[1]=0x20;assert(addr==0x6e);return pm1_identity;}
+bool select_provisional_member(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result,const board_desc_t* preferred_if_possible,const board_desc_t* hinted_if_possible,const board_desc_t* family_default,const char* why) ${helper}
+bool confirm_member(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${confirm}
+int main(){
+ for(sw=0;sw<=1;++sw)for(pm=0;pm<=1;++pm)for(g12=0;g12<4;++g12)for(g13=0;g13<4;++g13)
+ for(bool final:{false,true})for(board_id_t preferred:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(20),board_id_t(21),board_id_t(42)})
+ for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(20),board_id_t(21)}){
+ probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.attempt=final?4:0;ctx.preferred=preferred;ctx.hint=hint;
+ board_result_t r;reads=0;bool ok=confirm_member(ctx,&r);assert(reads==2&&ctx.family_identified);
+ int expected=0;bool provisional=false,refine=false;
+ if(sw!=pm)expected=sw?20:21;
+ else if(!sw&&((g12==0&&g13==0)||(g12==3&&g13==3))){expected=21;refine=true;}
+ else if(final){provisional=true;
+ if(!sw&&(g12==2||(g12==0&&g13==3)))expected=20;
+ else expected=(preferred==20||preferred==21)?preferred:(hint==20||hint==21)?hint:0;}
+ assert(ok==(expected!=0));int stopwatch_power=0,papermono_power=0;
+ if(ok){assert(r.def->id==expected&&r.provisional==provisional);
+ assert(bool(r.refine)==refine);if(expected==20)++stopwatch_power;else ++papermono_power;
+ detect_outcome_t out;out.result=r;if(provisional)assert(!should_persist_detection(out,0));}
+ assert(stopwatch_power==(ok&&expected==20));assert(papermono_power==(ok&&expected==21));
+ }
+ pm1_identity=false;probe_ctx_t ctx;board_result_t r;assert(!confirm_member(ctx,&r)&&!ctx.family_identified);
+}
+`,"PM1 pre-power table");
+});
+
+test("production PM1 D/D refinement polls only PaperMono and never switches power", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+ const refine=body(source,'bool refine_papermono_touch');
+ await compileRun(common.replace('bool final_attempt=false;','bool final_attempt=false; int* transaction=nullptr; int i2c_port_probe=0;')
+ .replace('#define ESP_LOGW(...) ((void)0)', '#include <cstring>\nconst char* last_reason;\n#define ESP_LOGW(tag, format, reason, ...) (last_reason=reason)')+`
+const board_desc_t desc_papermono={{21,"PaperMono",0}};
+namespace specs {namespace papermono {namespace touch {constexpr int i2c_freq=100000;}}}
+constexpr int papermono_probe_addr=0x38;
+bool ack,opened;unsigned clock_ms,probes;
+namespace lgfx {unsigned millis(){return clock_ms;}void delay(unsigned ms){clock_ms+=ms;}
+namespace i2c {struct response {bool ok;bool has_value(){return ok;}};
+response beginTransaction(int,int addr,int,bool){assert(addr==0x38);++probes;return {ack};}
+response endTransaction(int){return {true};}}}
+namespace startup_detail {struct i2c_scope_t {bool opened;int port=0;
+i2c_scope_t(int&,int,const board_desc_t&):opened(::opened){}};}
+bool refine_member(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${refine.replace('desc_papermono.internal_i2c','desc_papermono')}
+int main(){int tx=0;for(bool final:{false,true})for(bool response:{false,true})for(bool bus:{false,true}){
+ ack=response;opened=bus;clock_ms=probes=0;prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.transaction=&tx;
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc_papermono);int papermono_power=1,stopwatch_power=0;
+ bool ok=refine_member(r,ctx);assert(ok==((bus&&response)||final));
+ assert(r.def==&desc_papermono.def&&r.provisional==(final&&!(bus&&response)));
+ assert(probes==(bus?(response?1:200):0));assert(papermono_power==1&&stopwatch_power==0);
+ if(final&&!(bus&&response))assert(std::strcmp(last_reason,bus?"PaperMono touch unanswered":"PaperMono internal I2C unavailable")==0);
+}}
+`,"PM1 post-power refine");
+});
+
+test("production prepare retries failed power before pending member refinement", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const prepare=body(source,'bool prepare(const board_desc_t& desc,');
+ const extended=common.replace('#define ESP_LOGW', '#define ESP_LOGE(...) ((void)0)\n#define ESP_LOGW')
+ .replace('struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;};',`enum class reset_kind_t {none,i2c_regs};
+ struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {const int* variants;} power;
+ struct {int hw_port,sda,scl;} internal_i2c;struct {reset_kind_t kind;} reset;};`)
+ .replace('bool final_attempt=false;','bool final_attempt=false; int* transaction=nullptr; int i2c_port_probe=0;');
+ await compileRun(extended+`
+int power_calls,refine_calls,sd_calls,construct_calls,observe_calls;bool fail_power,fail_observe;
+namespace lgfx {namespace i2c {struct value_t {bool has_value() const{return true;}int value() const{return 0;}};
+ bool isInitialized(int){return false;}value_t getPinSDA(int){return {};}
+ value_t getPinSCL(int){return {};}value_t init(int,int,int){return {};}}}
+namespace startup_detail {
+ bool description_valid(const board_desc_t&){return true;}
+ struct i2c_scope_t {bool opened=true;int port=0;i2c_scope_t(int&,int,decltype(board_desc_t::internal_i2c)) {}};
+ bool prepare_power(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t& r,int,bool){++power_calls;r.prepared|=prepared_power;
+ if(fail_power)r.prepared|=prepared_power_failed;return true;}
+ bool prepare_sd_spi(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){++sd_calls;return true;}
+ void hold_chip_selects(const board_desc_t&){}
+}
+bool prepare_reset(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&,int,void*,bool){return true;}
+bool refine_member(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){++refine_calls;return true;}
+bool observe_member(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){++observe_calls;return !fail_observe;}
+bool prepare_member(const board_desc_t& desc,board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${prepare}
+int main(){int tx=0,variant=0;
+ // Pending refine represents both D/D and U/U; no refine represents touch-confirmed members.
+ for(int row:{0,1,2})for(bool final:{false,true})for(bool failed:{false,true})for(bool scoped:{false,true})for(bool observation:{false,true})for(bool observation_failed:{false,true}){
+ board_desc_t desc={{21,"PaperMono",0},{scoped?&variant:nullptr},{-1,47,48},{reset_kind_t::none}};
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc);r.refine=row<2?refine_member:nullptr;r.observe_after_power=(row==2&&observation)?observe_member:nullptr;
+ prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;ctx.final_attempt=final;
+ power_calls=refine_calls=sd_calls=construct_calls=observe_calls=0;fail_power=failed;fail_observe=observation_failed;
+ const bool ok=prepare_member(desc,r,ctx);if(ok)++construct_calls;
+ const bool retry=failed&&row<2&&!final;
+ assert(ok==!retry&&construct_calls==int(!retry));assert(power_calls==1);assert(observe_calls==int(row==2&&observation&&!failed));
+ assert(bool(r.prepared&prepared_observation)==(row==2&&observation));
+ assert(refine_calls==int(row<2&&!failed));assert(sd_calls==int(!retry));
+ assert(r.provisional==(failed&&row<2&&final));
+ assert(bool(r.prepared&prepared_refine)==(row<2&&!retry));
+ if(failed)assert(r.prepared&prepared_power_failed);
+ }
+ // Completed refinement does not turn a confirmed member's power failure into a retry.
+ board_desc_t desc={{21,"PaperMono",0},{nullptr},{-1,47,48},{reset_kind_t::none}};
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc);r.refine=refine_member;r.prepared=prepared_power|prepared_power_failed|prepared_refine;
+ prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;assert(prepare_member(desc,r,ctx));assert(!r.provisional);
+ // Retained final power failure skips refinement without publishing its private state.
+ board_result_t pending;pending.assign(&desc);pending.refine=refine_member;pending.refine_state=3;pending.option=7;
+ ctx.final_attempt=true;fail_power=true;assert(prepare_member(desc,pending,ctx));
+ assert(pending.provisional&&pending.refine_state==3&&pending.option==7);
+}
+`,"pending-refinement power failure");
+});
+
+test("production AXP subdivision excludes unsafe Station fallbacks before power", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"),"utf8");
+ const confirm=body(source.slice(source.indexOf('class axp_family_detector_t')),'bool confirm(');
+ const detector=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const helper=body(detector,'static bool select_provisional_member');
+ const prepare=body(detector,'bool prepare(const board_desc_t& desc,');
+ const extended=common.replace('#define ESP_LOGW', '#define ESP_LOGE(...) ((void)0)\n#define ESP_LOGW').replace('struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;};',`enum class reset_kind_t {none,i2c_regs}; struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {const int* variants;} power;
+ struct {int hw_port,sda,scl;} internal_i2c;struct {std::int8_t dc,cs,sclk,mosi,miso;} display;
+ struct {int sd_cs;} sd;struct {int pin;reset_kind_t kind;} reset;};`)
+ .replace('struct prepare_ctx_t {', 'struct tx_t {template<class T>void restore_start(T){}};\nstruct prepare_ctx_t {tx_t* transaction=nullptr; int i2c_port_probe=0; ');
+ await compileRun(extended+`
+const board_desc_t desc_station={{22,"Station",0}};
+namespace generated_options {namespace core2 {constexpr unsigned new_pmic=1;}}
+struct pmic_variant_t {unsigned id_value,detected_option;};
+namespace lgfx {namespace i2c {struct value_t {bool has_value() const{return true;}int value() const{return 0;}};
+ bool isInitialized(int){return false;}value_t getPinSDA(int){return {};}
+ value_t getPinSCL(int){return {};}value_t init(int,int,int){return {};}
+ struct response_t {bool ok;bool has_value() const{return ok;}};
+ response_t beginTransaction(int,int,int,bool);response_t endTransaction(int);}}
+int pmic_id,core_ack,tough_ack,g12,g32,g33,ack_reads,station_probes,sd_calls,core_power,sense_calls;
+bool panel_ok,pmic_ok=true,reset_ok=true;
+namespace lgfx {namespace i2c {
+ response_t beginTransaction(int,int addr,int freq,bool){++ack_reads;assert(freq==100000);assert(addr==0x38||addr==0x2e);return {addr==0x38?bool(core_ack):bool(tough_ack)};}
+ response_t endTransaction(int){return {true};}}}
+namespace startup_detail {
+ bool description_valid(const board_desc_t&){return true;}bool gpio_valid(int){return true;}
+ struct i2c_scope_t {bool opened=true;int port=0;i2c_scope_t(tx_t&,int,decltype(board_desc_t::internal_i2c)) {}};
+ void pin_level(int,bool){}
+ void hold_chip_selects(const board_desc_t&){}
+ bool prepare_power(const board_desc_t& d,board_result_t& r,int,bool){if(d.def.id==1||d.def.id==2)++core_power;r.prepared|=prepared_power;return true;}
+ bool prepare_sd_spi(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t& r,const prepare_ctx_t&){++sd_calls;r.prepared|=prepared_sd_spi;return true;}
+}
+namespace detail {constexpr int station_pmic_id=3,core2_touch_address=0x38,tough_touch_address=0x2e;
+ constexpr unsigned station_id_mask=0xfb,station_id=0x81,panel_id_command=4;
+ pmic_variant_t pmic;
+ const pmic_variant_t* observe_core_pmic(int){pmic={unsigned(pmic_id),pmic_id==0x4a?1u:0u};return pmic_ok?&pmic:nullptr;}
+ bool sd_pull_mask(const board_desc_t&,std::uint64_t* mask){*mask=7;return true;}
+ bool refine_core_family(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){return true;}
+ bool observe_confirmed_core_panel(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){return true;}}
+struct pulls_t {std::uint64_t pulldown_high,pullup_high;};
+pulls_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t mask){if(mask==7)return {7,7};++sense_calls;
+ return {std::uint64_t(g12&1)<<12|std::uint64_t(g32&1)<<32|std::uint64_t(g33&1)<<33,
+ std::uint64_t((g12>>1)&1)<<12|std::uint64_t((g32>>1)&1)<<32|std::uint64_t((g33>>1)&1)<<33};}
+bool probe_i2c_ack(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int addr){++ack_reads;assert(addr==0x38||addr==0x2e);return addr==0x38?core_ack:tough_ack;}
+bool prepare_reset(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&,int){return reset_ok;}
+bool prepare_reset(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&,int,void*,bool){return reset_ok;}
+unsigned soft_spi_read32(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int,int,int,int,int){++station_probes;return panel_ok?0x81:0;}
+bool select_provisional_member(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result,const board_desc_t* preferred_if_possible,const board_desc_t* hinted_if_possible,const board_desc_t* family_default,const char* why) ${helper}
+bool confirm_member(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${confirm}
+bool prepare_member(const board_desc_t& desc,board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${prepare}
+int main(){tx_t tx;
+ for(int pmic_value:{3,0x4a})for(core_ack=0;core_ack<=1;++core_ack)for(tough_ack=0;tough_ack<=1;++tough_ack)
+ for(g12=0;g12<4;++g12)for(g32=0;g32<4;++g32)for(g33=0;g33<4;++g33)
+ for(bool final:{false,true})for(bool panel:{false,true})
+ for(board_id_t preference:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(22),board_id_t(42)})
+ for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(22),board_id_t(42)}){
+ probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.attempt=final?4:0;ctx.preferred=preference;ctx.hint=hint;
+ pmic_id=pmic_value;panel_ok=panel;ack_reads=station_probes=sd_calls=core_power=sense_calls=0;board_result_t r;
+ bool ok=confirm_member(ctx,&r);int expected=0;bool provisional=false,refine=false,observe=false,station=false;
+ if(!(core_ack&&tough_ack)&&!(pmic_id==0x4a&&tough_ack)){
+ if(core_ack||tough_ack){expected=core_ack?1:2;observe=true;}
+ else if(pmic_id==0x4a){if(final){expected=1;provisional=true;observe=true;}}
+ else if(g12==0&&g32==3&&g33==3){expected=1;refine=true;}
+ else if(g12==2||g12==0){station=true;if(panel)expected=22;}}
+ assert(ack_reads==2&&ok==(expected!=0));assert(ctx.family_identified);
+ assert(sense_calls==int(!core_ack&&!tough_ack&&pmic_id==3));assert(station_probes==int(station)&&sd_calls==int(station));
+ if(ok){assert(r.def->id==expected&&r.provisional==provisional);
+ assert(bool(r.refine)==refine&&bool(r.observe_after_power)==observe);
+ assert(r.option==(pmic_id==0x4a?1u:0u));assert(prepare_member(*r.desc,r,ctx));}
+ assert(core_power==int(ok&&(expected==1||expected==2)));
+ if(station||(!core_ack&&!tough_ack&&pmic_id==3&&g12!=0&&g12!=2))assert(core_power==0);
+ }
+ probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;board_result_t r;pmic_ok=false;assert(!confirm_member(ctx,&r));assert(!ctx.family_identified);
+}
+`,"AXP pre-power table");
+});
+
+test("production AXP refinement reads both touches after SD preparation and panel-only observation preserves identity", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"),"utf8");
+ const detector=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const panel=body(source,'bool observe_core_panel('),observer=body(source,'bool observe_confirmed_core_panel('),refine=body(source,'bool refine_core_family(');
+ const helper=body(detector,'static bool select_provisional_member');
+ const extended=common.replace('struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;};',`struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;
+ struct {int sda,scl;} internal_i2c;struct {std::int8_t dc,cs,sclk,mosi,miso;} display;struct {int sd_cs;} sd;};`)
+ .replace('struct prepare_ctx_t {','struct tx_t {template<class T>void restore_start(T){}};\nstruct prepare_ctx_t {tx_t* transaction=nullptr; int i2c_port_probe=0; bool allow_reset=false; ');
+ await compileRun(extended+`
+namespace generated_options {namespace core2 {constexpr unsigned new_pmic=1,lcd_e=2;}}
+enum class panel_variant_t {unknown,e};
+unsigned clock_ms;int sd_calls,panel_calls,tough_reads,core_reads;bool tough_ack,core_ack,panel_i2c_ok=true,panel_reset_ok=true;
+namespace lgfx {unsigned millis(){return clock_ms;}void delay(unsigned ms){clock_ms+=ms;}
+namespace i2c {struct response {bool ok;bool has_value(){return ok;}};
+ response readRegister8(int,int addr,int,int){if(addr==0x2e){++tough_reads;return {tough_ack};}assert(addr==0x38);++core_reads;return {core_ack};}}}
+namespace startup_detail {void pin_level(int,bool){}
+ struct i2c_scope_t {bool opened;int port=0;i2c_scope_t(tx_t&,int,decltype(board_desc_t::internal_i2c)):opened(panel_i2c_ok) {}};
+ bool prepare_sd_spi(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t& r,const prepare_ctx_t&){if(!(r.prepared&prepared_sd_spi)){++sd_calls;r.prepared|=prepared_sd_spi;}return true;}}
+struct soft_spi_t {soft_spi_t(int,int,int,int){}void init(){assert(sd_calls==1);}};
+panel_variant_t identify_panel_variant(soft_spi_t&,int,std::uint32_t*,int,bool=true){assert(sd_calls==1);++panel_calls;return panel_variant_t::e;}
+bool prepare_reset(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&,int){return panel_reset_ok;}
+void log_panel_variant(panel_variant_t,const std::uint32_t*){}
+constexpr int tough_touch_address=0x2e,core2_touch_address=0x38,touch_probe_register=0,tough_touch_i2c_frequency=400000,touch_startup_poll_ms=300;
+bool select_provisional_member(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result,const board_desc_t* preferred_if_possible,const board_desc_t* hinted_if_possible,const board_desc_t* family_default,const char* why) ${helper}
+bool observe_core_panel(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,panel_variant_t& variant,std::uint32_t keys[4]) ${panel}
+bool observe_panel(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${observer}
+bool refine_member(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${refine}
+int main(){tx_t tx;
+ for(bool new_pmic:{false,true})for(bool core:{false,true})for(bool tough:{false,true})for(bool final:{false,true})
+ for(board_id_t preference:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(22),board_id_t(42)})
+ for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(22),board_id_t(42)}){
+ prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.preferred=preference;ctx.hint=hint;
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc_core2);r.option=new_pmic?1:0;sd_calls=panel_calls=tough_reads=core_reads=0;clock_ms=0;tough_ack=tough;core_ack=core;
+ bool ok=refine_member(r,ctx);assert(tough_reads==core_reads&&tough_reads>0);assert(sd_calls==1&&panel_calls==1);
+ const bool contradiction=(core&&tough)||(new_pmic&&tough);
+ assert(ok==(!contradiction&&(core||tough||final)));
+ if(ok){const auto possible=[&](board_id_t id){return id==1||(id==2&&!new_pmic);};
+ const auto expected=core?1:tough?2:possible(preference)?preference:possible(hint)?hint:1;
+ assert(r.def->id==expected&&r.provisional==(!core&&!tough));assert(r.option==(unsigned(expected==2?0:new_pmic)|2));}
+ }
+ for(const auto* confirmed:{&desc_core2,&desc_tough}){
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(confirmed);prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;
+ sd_calls=panel_calls=tough_reads=core_reads=0;tough_ack=core_ack=true;
+ assert(observe_panel(r,ctx));assert(r.def==&confirmed->def&&r.option==2&&!r.provisional);
+ assert(sd_calls==1&&panel_calls==1&&tough_reads==0&&core_reads==0);
+ assert(observe_panel(r,ctx));assert(sd_calls==1);
+ }
+ for(bool opened:{false,true})for(bool reset:{false,true}){
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc_core2);prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;ctx.allow_reset=true;
+ sd_calls=panel_calls=0;panel_i2c_ok=opened;panel_reset_ok=reset;
+ assert(observe_panel(r,ctx)==(opened&&reset));assert(r.def==&desc_core2.def&&!r.provisional);
+ if(!opened||!reset)assert(!(r.option&generated_options::core2::lcd_e));
+ }
+}
+`,"AXP post-power refinement and observation");
+});
+
+test("production detector runner stops later families only after identified AXP or PM1", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const run=body(source,'bool run_detector('),detect=body(source,'board_result_t detect_board(');
+ const extended=common.replace('#define ESP_LOGW', '#define ESP_LOGE(...) ((void)0)\n#define ESP_LOGW')
+ .replace('struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;};','struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {const char* const* data;unsigned size;} option_names;};')
+ .replace('struct prepare_ctx_t {', 'struct tx_t {int rollbacks=0;void rollback(){++rollbacks;}};\nstruct prepare_ctx_t {tx_t* transaction=nullptr; ')
+ .replace('bool family_identified=false;', 'bool confirm_attempted=false;bool family_identified=false;');
+ await compileRun(extended+`
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+const char* tag="host";constexpr unsigned max_detector_families=4;
+struct edge_t {board_id_t before,after;};const std::array<edge_t,0> detector_order_edges={};
+struct board_detector_t {
+ const board_def_t* const* members;board_detector_t(const board_def_t* const* m):members(m){}
+ virtual bool signature(probe_ctx_t&) const=0;virtual bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&,board_result_t*) const=0;
+ bool has_member(board_id_t id) const {for(auto p=members;*p;++p)if((*p)->id==id)return true;return false;}
+};
+bool enabled(const probe_ctx_t&,board_id_t){return true;}
+bool fallback_only(const board_detector_t*){return false;}
+bool gpio_power_hold_family(const board_detector_t*){return false;}
+bool run_detector(const board_detector_t* detector,probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${run}
+board_result_t detect_board(const board_detector_t* const* list,board_id_t hint,probe_ctx_t& ctx) ${detect}
+const board_desc_t desc_pm1={{20,"StopWatch",0}};
+struct fake_detector_t:board_detector_t {
+ mutable int signatures=0,confirms=0;bool signature_ok=true,id_ok=false,member_ok=false;const board_desc_t* desc;
+ fake_detector_t(const board_def_t* const* members,const board_desc_t* d):board_detector_t(members),desc(d){}
+ bool signature(probe_ctx_t&) const override {++signatures;return signature_ok;}
+ bool confirm(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* r) const override {++confirms;if(!id_ok)return false;ctx.family_identified=true;if(!member_ok)return false;r->assign(desc);return true;}
+};
+int main(){for(const auto* desc:{&desc_core2,&desc_pm1})for(bool signature:{false,true})for(bool identified:{false,true})for(bool member:{false,true}){
+ const board_def_t* first_members[]={&desc->def,nullptr};const board_def_t* later_members[]={&desc_tough.def,nullptr};
+ fake_detector_t first(first_members,desc),later(later_members,&desc_tough);first.signature_ok=signature;first.id_ok=identified;first.member_ok=member;later.id_ok=later.member_ok=true;
+ const board_detector_t* list[]={&first,&later,nullptr};tx_t tx;probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;ctx.family_identified=true;
+ const auto result=detect_board(list,0,ctx);const bool stops=signature&&identified;
+ assert(first.signatures==1&&later.signatures==int(!stops));assert(first.confirms==int(signature));
+ if(stops&&member)assert(result.def==&desc->def);
+ else if(stops)assert(result.status==detect_status_t::no_match&&result.desc==nullptr&&result.def->id==board_id_unknown);
+ else assert(result.def==&desc_tough.def);
+ // A known-family miss still rolls back this probe before the session retries.
+ if(signature&&!member)assert(tx.rollbacks==1);
+ }
+}
+`,"identified family stops subsequent probes");
+});
+
+test("production Stack confirmation requires LCD ID and persists confirmed identity", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"),"utf8");
+ const confirm=body(source.slice(source.indexOf('class stack_family_detector_t')),'bool confirm(');
+ const fixture=common.replace('struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;};',
+  'struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {std::int8_t sclk=18,miso=19,mosi=23,dc=27,cs=14;} display;struct {int sd_cs=4;} sd;struct {int pin=33;} reset;};');
+ await compileRun(fixture+`
+struct tx_t {template<class T>void restore_start(const T&){} } tx;
+struct hw_ctx_t:probe_ctx_t {tx_t* transaction=&tx;int i2c_port_probe=0;};
+const board_desc_t desc_stack={{14,"Stack",0}};
+namespace startup_detail {
+ bool description_valid(const board_desc_t&){return true;}bool gpio_valid(int){return true;}
+ void pin_level(int,bool){}bool prepare_power(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,int){return true;}
+ bool prepare_sd_spi(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){return true;}
+ void hold_chip_selects(const board_desc_t&){}
+}
+namespace detail {constexpr unsigned panel_id_command=4,panel_id_mask=255,common_panel_id=0xE3;}
+bool prepare_reset(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&,int,std::uint32_t*){return true;}
+unsigned panel_id=0;
+unsigned soft_spi_read32(hw_ctx_t&,int,int,int,int,int,unsigned,int){return panel_id;}
+bool confirm_stack(hw_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${confirm}
+int main(){for(bool final:{false,true})for(bool hint:{false,true}){
+ hw_ctx_t ctx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.hint=hint?14:0;board_result_t result;
+ panel_id=0;assert(!confirm_stack(ctx,&result));panel_id=0xE3;
+ assert(confirm_stack(ctx,&result)&&!result.provisional);
+ detect_outcome_t out;out.result=result;finalize_prepared_result(out,0);out.setup_succeeded=true;
+ assert(should_persist_detection(out,0));assert(!should_persist_detection(out,14));
+}}
+`,"Stack LCD confirmation");
+});
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detect_family_members.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_family_members.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3ea44b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_family_members.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { body, compileRun } from "./detect_host_helpers.js";
+const src=path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),"../../../src/board_detect");
+const common=`
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
+#include "board_detect/detect_class.hpp"
+#include "board_detect/dedicated_release_probe.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#define ESP_LOGD(...) ((void)0)
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) ((void)0)
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+namespace m5gfx {namespace board_detect {
+struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {int sda,scl;} internal_i2c;};
+void board_result_t::assign(const board_desc_t* d){desc=d;def=&d->def;}
+struct prepare_ctx_t {board_id_t preferred=0,hint=0;bool final_attempt=false;int* transaction=nullptr;int i2c_port_probe=0;};
+struct probe_ctx_t:prepare_ctx_t {bool conditional_pins_unavailable=false;bool cached=false,ack=false;};
+}}
+`;
+
+test("production CoreS3 refinement covers camera, release band and gated IOE outcomes", async()=>{
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl"),"utf8");
+ const detector=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const helper=body(detector,'static bool select_provisional_member');
+ const refine=body(source,'bool refine(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)\n    {');
+ const gate=body(source,'bool stackchan_base_gate(');
+ const ack=body(source,'bool stackchan_ack(');
+ await compileRun(common.replace('#define ESP_LOGW(...) ((void)0)', '#include <cstring>\nint gate_warnings;\n#define ESP_LOGW(tag, message, ...) (gate_warnings += std::strstr(message, "base gate without IOE ACK") != nullptr)')+`
+const board_desc_t desc_cores3={{1,"CoreS3",0}},desc_cores3se={{2,"SE",0}},desc_stackchan={{3,"StackChan",0}};
+namespace specs {namespace stackchan {namespace i2c_stackchan_ioe {constexpr int i2c_addr=0x6f,firmware_reg=2,i2c_freq=100000,firmware_min=4;}}}
+constexpr unsigned release_unavailable=3,internal_camera_confirmed=1,vbus_5v=2;
+constexpr int sda=12,scl=11;
+unsigned clock_ms;int ack_at,panel_calls,camera_calls,gate_calls,ack_calls,firmware_calls,init_calls,release_calls,ack_end_calls;
+bool post_camera,base_gate,firmware_ok;unsigned fw;
+namespace lgfx {unsigned millis(){return clock_ms;}void delay(unsigned ms){clock_ms+=ms;}
+ namespace i2c {struct response_t {bool ok;bool has_value(){return ok;}};
+ response_t beginTransaction(int,int addr,int freq,bool){assert(addr==0x6f&&freq==100000);++ack_calls;return {ack_at>=0&&clock_ms>=unsigned(ack_at)};}
+ response_t endTransaction(int){++ack_end_calls;return {true};}}}
+namespace startup_detail {struct i2c_scope_t {bool opened=true;int port;
+ i2c_scope_t(int&,int p,const decltype(board_desc_t::internal_i2c)&):port(p){++init_calls;}
+ ~i2c_scope_t(){++release_calls;}};}
+void enable_bus_out(const prepare_ctx_t&){}
+bool camera_id(probe_ctx_t&){++camera_calls;return post_camera;}
+bool refine_panel(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){++panel_calls;return true;}
+pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t mask){++gate_calls;assert(mask==((1ull<<5)|(1ull<<6)|(1ull<<7)));
+ pin_pull_result_t r;r.pulldown_high=base_gate?(1ull<<6):0;r.pullup_high=base_gate?(1ull<<6):mask;return r;}
+bool probe_i2c_ack(probe_ctx_t& ctx,int,int,int addr){assert(addr==0x6f);++ack_calls;
+ if(!ctx.cached){ctx.cached=true;ctx.ack=ack_at>=0&&clock_ms>=unsigned(ack_at);}return ctx.ack;}
+bool read(const prepare_ctx_t&,int addr,int reg,std::uint8_t* value,int freq){++firmware_calls;assert(addr==0x6f&&reg==2&&freq==100000);*value=fw;return firmware_ok;}
+bool select_provisional_member(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result,const board_desc_t* preferred_if_possible,const board_desc_t* hinted_if_possible,const board_desc_t* family_default,const char* why) ${helper}
+bool stackchan_base_gate(probe_ctx_t& probe) ${gate}
+bool stackchan_ack(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,bool gate) ${ack}
+bool refine_member(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${refine}
+int main(){int tx=0;
+ for(bool before:{false,true})for(bool after:{false,true})for(unsigned band=0;band<4;++band)
+ for(bool gate:{false,true})for(int at:{-1,0,10})for(bool read_ok:{false,true})for(unsigned firmware:{3u,4u})
+ for(bool final:{false,true})for(board_id_t preference:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(3),board_id_t(42)})
+ for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(3),board_id_t(42)}){
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc_cores3);r.refine_state=band;r.option=before?1:0;
+ prepare_ctx_t ctx;ctx.transaction=&tx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.preferred=preference;ctx.hint=hint;
+ clock_ms=panel_calls=camera_calls=gate_calls=ack_calls=firmware_calls=init_calls=release_calls=ack_end_calls=gate_warnings=0;post_camera=after;base_gate=gate;ack_at=at;firmware_ok=read_ok;fw=firmware;
+ const bool camera=before||after;bool provisional=false;int expected=0;
+ const bool acknowledged=at==0||(gate&&at>=0&&at<=50);
+ if(!camera&&(band==0||band==3)){expected=2;}
+ else if(!camera&&band==1){
+ if(final){provisional=true;auto possible=[&](board_id_t id){return id==1||id==2||(id==3&&acknowledged);};expected=possible(preference)?preference:possible(hint)?hint:1;}}
+ else{
+ if(acknowledged&&!read_ok){if(final){provisional=true;auto possible=[](board_id_t id){return id==1||id==3;};expected=possible(preference)?preference:possible(hint)?hint:3;}}
+ else expected=acknowledged&&read_ok&&firmware>=4?3:1;
+ }
+ const bool ok=refine_member(r,ctx);assert(ok==(expected!=0));assert(r.refine_state==0&&r.option<4);
+ assert(gate_warnings==int(gate&&!acknowledged&&(camera||band==2)));
+ assert(camera_calls==int(!before)&&panel_calls==int(ok)&&gate_calls==1);
+ if(ok){assert(r.def->id==expected&&r.provisional==provisional);detect_outcome_t out;out.result=r;if(provisional)assert(!should_persist_detection(out,0));}
+ assert(init_calls==1&&release_calls==1&&ack_end_calls==ack_calls);
+ assert(firmware_calls==int(acknowledged));
+ if(!gate)assert(ack_calls==1&&clock_ms==0);
+ else assert(clock_ms==(at<0?50u:unsigned(at)));
+ }
+}
+`,"CoreS3/SE/StackChan outcome table");
+});
+
+test("production Cardputer subdivision reads independent ICs and requires four released floating pins",async()=>{
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+ const confirm=body(source.slice(source.indexOf('class cardputer_family_detector_t')),'bool confirm(');
+ await compileRun(common+`
+const board_desc_t desc_cardputer={{1,"Cardputer",0}},desc_cardputer_adv={{2,"ADV",0}},desc_vameter={{3,"VAMeter",0}};
+namespace wiring {namespace cardputer {namespace cardputer_subdivision {constexpr int sense_pins[]={0,1,2,3},vameter_i2c_sda=0,vameter_i2c_scl=1,vameter_i2c_addrs[]={0x40,0x41};}}
+namespace cardputer_adv {constexpr int internal_i2c_sda=2,internal_i2c_scl=3;}}
+namespace specs {namespace cardputer {constexpr bool bus_three_wire=true;}}
+const int cardputer_probes[]={1};constexpr unsigned pull_release_us=128;
+int samples[4],recovery_calls,probe_calls,vameter_reads,adv_reads,companion_reads;bool vameter_ack,adv_ack,spi_ok=true;
+bool probe_spi_id(probe_ctx_t&,const board_desc_t& d,const int*,int,board_result_t* r,bool){if(spi_ok)r->assign(&d);return spi_ok;}
+pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t mask,unsigned release=0){++probe_calls;assert(mask==15);
+ if(release)assert(release==128&&recovery_calls==2);pin_pull_result_t r;r.release_sampled=release!=0;
+ for(unsigned pin=0;pin<4;++pin){const unsigned sample=samples[pin];const auto bit=1ull<<pin;
+ if(sample&1)r.pulldown_high|=bit;if(sample&2)r.pullup_high|=bit;
+ if(sample&4)r.pulldown_release_high|=bit;if(sample&8)r.pullup_release_high|=bit;}return r;}
+pin_pull_result_t recover_held_sda_and_resample(probe_ctx_t&,pin_pull_result_t r,std::uint64_t,int,int){++recovery_calls;r.release_sampled=false;return r;}
+bool probe_i2c_read(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int addr,int,std::uint8_t* data,int,int,int,bool){++vameter_reads;assert(addr==0x40);data[0]=0x54;data[1]=0x49;return vameter_ack;}
+bool probe_i2c_ack(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int addr){if(addr==0x34){++adv_reads;return adv_ack;}++companion_reads;assert(addr==0x41);return vameter_ack;}
+bool confirm_member(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${confirm}
+int main(){
+ for(int a:{0,15,10,14,2,1})for(int b:{0,15,10,14,2,1})for(int c:{0,15,10,14,2,1})for(int d:{0,15,10,14,2,1})
+ for(bool vam:{false,true})for(bool adv:{false,true})for(bool final:{false,true})
+ for(board_id_t preference:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(3),board_id_t(42)})
+ for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(1),board_id_t(2),board_id_t(3),board_id_t(42)}){
+ samples[0]=a;samples[1]=b;samples[2]=c;samples[3]=d;vameter_ack=vam;adv_ack=adv;
+ recovery_calls=probe_calls=vameter_reads=adv_reads=companion_reads=0;
+ probe_ctx_t ctx;ctx.final_attempt=final;ctx.preferred=preference;ctx.hint=hint;board_result_t r;
+ const bool vu=a==15&&b==15,au=c==15&&d==15,floating=a==10&&b==10&&c==10&&d==10;
+ const bool v=vu&&vam,w=au&&adv;bool provisional=false;int expected=0;
+ if(v&&w)expected=0;else if(v)expected=3;else if(w)expected=2;else if(floating)expected=1;
+ else if(final){provisional=true;const auto possible=[&](board_id_t id){return id==1||(id==3&&(a&1)&&(b&1))||(id==2&&(c&1)&&(d&1));};expected=possible(preference)?preference:possible(hint)?hint:1;}
+ const bool ok=confirm_member(ctx,&r);assert(ok==(expected!=0));assert(probe_calls==2&&recovery_calls==2);
+ assert(vameter_reads==int(vu)&&adv_reads==int(au)&&companion_reads==int(vu&&vam));
+ if(ok){assert(r.def->id==expected&&r.provisional==provisional);detect_outcome_t out;out.result=r;if(provisional)assert(!should_persist_detection(out,0));}
+ }
+ spi_ok=false;probe_calls=recovery_calls=0;probe_ctx_t ctx;board_result_t r;assert(!confirm_member(ctx,&r)&&probe_calls==0&&recovery_calls==0);
+}
+`,"Cardputer subdivision table");
+});
+
+test("production CoreS3 confirm transports measured release band to refinement",async()=>{
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl"),"utf8");
+ const confirm=body(source.slice(source.indexOf('class cores3_family_detector_t')),'bool confirm(');
+ await compileRun(common+`
+const board_desc_t desc_cores3={{1,"CoreS3",0}},desc_cores3se={{2,"SE",0}};
+namespace specs {namespace cores3 {
+ namespace pmic {constexpr int id_reg=3,id_value=0x4a;}
+ namespace i2c_io_expander {constexpr int id_reg=0x10,id_value=0x23,i2c_freq=400000;}
+ namespace release_probe {constexpr std::int8_t pins[]={38,39,40,41,42,45,47,48};constexpr unsigned reads=64,samples=8,settle_us=1,short_max_ns=260,long_min_ns=330;}}}
+int band;bool available,before;int release_calls;
+struct release_t {bool available;};struct summary_t {pin_release_band_t band;};
+release_t probe_dedicated_pin_release(probe_ctx_t&,const std::int8_t*,int,int,int,int){++release_calls;return {available};}
+summary_t summarize_dedicated_release(release_t,unsigned,unsigned){return {available?static_cast<pin_release_band_t>(band):pin_release_band_t::ambiguous};}
+bool probe_i2c_read(probe_ctx_t&,int,int,int addr,int,std::uint8_t* value,int,int,int){*value=addr==0x34?0x4a:0x23;return true;}
+namespace cores3_detail {
+ constexpr int sda=12,scl=11,axp_addr=0x34,aw_addr=0x58,i2c_freq=400000;
+ constexpr unsigned release_unavailable=3,internal_camera_confirmed=1;
+ bool camera_id(probe_ctx_t&){return before;}
+ unsigned observe_vbus(probe_ctx_t&){return 2;}
+ bool refine(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){return true;}}
+bool confirm_member(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${confirm}
+int main(){for(band=0;band<3;++band)for(bool avail:{false,true})for(bool camera:{false,true}){
+ available=avail;before=camera;release_calls=0;probe_ctx_t ctx;board_result_t r;
+ assert(confirm_member(ctx,&r));const unsigned transported=camera?2:avail?band:3;
+ assert(r.refine_state==transported&&release_calls==int(!camera));assert(r.option&2);assert(r.option<4);
+ assert(bool(r.option&1)==camera&&r.refine==cores3_detail::refine);
+ assert(r.def==(transported==0?&desc_cores3se.def:&desc_cores3.def));
+}}
+`,"CoreS3 release-band transport");
+});
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detect_host_helpers.js b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_host_helpers.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..451e1716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_host_helpers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+const here = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const src = path.resolve(here, "../../../src");
+export function body(source, marker) {
+  const begin = source.indexOf(marker); assert.ok(begin >= 0, marker);
+  const brace = source.indexOf("{", begin); let depth = 1, end = brace + 1;
+  while (depth && end < source.length) { if (source[end] === "{") ++depth; if (source[end] === "}") --depth; ++end; }
+  assert.equal(depth, 0); return source.slice(brace, end);
+}
+export async function compileRun(source, label) {
+  const directory = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "m5gfx-detect-host-"));
+  try {
+    const file = path.join(directory, "host.cpp"), binary = path.join(directory, "host");
+    await fs.writeFile(file, source);
+    const result = spawnSync(process.env.CXX || "c++", ["-std=c++11", "-O2", `-I${src}`, file, "-o", binary], {encoding: "utf8"});
+    assert.equal(result.status, 0, `${label}: ${result.stderr}`);
+    const ran = spawnSync(binary, [], {encoding: "utf8"});
+    assert.equal(ran.status, 0, `${label}: ${ran.stderr}`);
+  } finally { await fs.rm(directory, {recursive:true, force:true}); }
+}
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detect_package_candidates.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_package_candidates.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4a9f339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_package_candidates.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { body, compileRun } from "./detect_host_helpers.js";
+const src=path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),"../../../src");
+const read=(name)=>fs.readFile(path.join(src,name),"utf8");
+
+test("package-only Stamp candidates stop probing, never prepare or persist, and preserve prior weak evidence", async()=>{
+ const core=await read("board_detect/board_detect.inl"),main=await read("M5GFX.cpp");
+ const c5=await read("board_detect/m5/esp32c5/toughc5.inl"),c6=await read("board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_displayless.inl");
+ const signature=(s,name)=>body(s.slice(s.indexOf(`class ${name}`)),"bool signature(");
+ const confirm=(s,name)=>body(s.slice(s.indexOf(`class ${name}`)),"bool confirm(");
+ assert.match(c5,/"M5StampC5", def_flag_fallback/);assert.match(c6,/"M5StampC6", def_flag_fallback/);
+ await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+#define CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6 1
+#define ESP_LOGD(...) ((void)0)
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) ((void)0)
+#define ESP_LOGE(...) ((void)0)
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+namespace board_detect=m5gfx::board_detect;
+using board_t=board_id_t;
+int prepares=0,constructs=0,adopts=0;
+namespace lgfx {namespace i2c {bool isInitialized(int){return false;}}}
+namespace m5gfx {namespace board_detect {
+struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {const char* const* data=nullptr;unsigned size=0;} option_names;struct {int hw_port=-1;} internal_i2c;};
+void board_result_t::assign(const board_desc_t* d){desc=d;def=&d->def;}
+struct detection_transaction_t {detection_transaction_t(int,int,bool){}bool valid(){return true;}void rollback(){}struct buses_t {void opened_i2c(int){}} bus; buses_t& buses(){return bus;}};
+struct prepare_ctx_t {bool allow_reset=false;board_id_t preferred=0;unsigned attempt=0;bool final_attempt=false;int i2c_port_probe=0;detection_transaction_t* transaction=nullptr;const board_id_t* enabled_ids=nullptr;};
+struct probe_ctx_t:prepare_ctx_t {bool confirm_attempted=false,family_identified=false;board_id_t hint=0;const board_def_t* candidate=nullptr;};
+struct board_detector_t {const board_def_t* const* members;board_detector_t(const board_def_t* const* m):members(m){}virtual bool signature(probe_ctx_t&)const=0;virtual bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&,board_result_t*)const=0;bool has_member(board_id_t id)const{for(auto p=members;*p;++p)if((*p)->id==id)return true;return false;}};
+inline int pins(int){return 0;}inline int no_pins(){return 0;}
+bool prepare(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){++prepares;return true;}
+namespace m5 {namespace wiring {namespace detection {const int unconditional_pins=0;}}}
+}}
+#include "board_detect/m5/generated/detector_order_constraints.hpp"
+const char* tag="host";const int probe_i2c_port=0;
+bool enabled(const probe_ctx_t&,board_id_t){return true;}
+bool fallback_only(const board_detector_t* detector) ${body(core,"bool fallback_only(")}
+bool gpio_power_hold_family(const board_detector_t*){return false;}
+bool run_detector(const board_detector_t* detector,probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result) ${body(core,"bool run_detector(")}
+namespace m5gfx {namespace board_detect {
+board_result_t detect_board(const board_detector_t* const* list,board_id_t hint,probe_ctx_t& ctx) ${body(core,"board_result_t detect_board(")}
+}}
+template<class Setup>detect_outcome_t finish_detection_setup(board_result_t&,detect_outcome_t out,detection_transaction_t&,board_t,Setup){++constructs;return out;}
+template<class Setup>detect_outcome_t run_detection_attempt(const board_detector_t* const* detectors,const detect_request_t& request,bool final_attempt,Setup setup) ${body(main,"static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_detection_attempt(")}
+unsigned flash,psram;
+#define EFUSE_RD_MAC_SYS2_REG 0
+#define EFUSE_FLASH_CAP_S 0
+#define EFUSE_FLASH_CAP_V 7
+#define EFUSE_PSRAM_CAP_S 3
+#define EFUSE_PSRAM_CAP_V 3
+#define REG_READ(x) (flash | (psram<<3))
+namespace c6_displayless_detail {unsigned flash_capacity(){return flash;}}
+const board_desc_t desc_stampc5={{153,"StampC5",def_flag_fallback}},desc_stampc6={{154,"StampC6",def_flag_fallback}};
+const board_def_t c5later={33,"ToughC5",0},c6later={140,"NanoC6",0},earlier={999,"earlier",def_flag_fallback};
+struct stamp_t:board_detector_t {bool c5;stamp_t(const board_def_t*const*m,bool five):board_detector_t(m),c5(five){}
+ bool sig5(probe_ctx_t& ctx)const ${signature(c5,"stampc5_detector_t")}
+ bool sig6(probe_ctx_t& ctx)const ${signature(c6,"stampc6_detector_t")}
+ bool signature(probe_ctx_t& ctx)const override{return c5?sig5(ctx):sig6(ctx);}
+ bool confirm(probe_ctx_t& ctx,board_result_t* result)const override{if(c5) ${confirm(c5,"stampc5_detector_t")} else ${confirm(c6,"stampc6_detector_t")}}
+};
+struct later_t:board_detector_t {mutable int calls=0;later_t(const board_def_t*const*m):board_detector_t(m){}bool signature(probe_ctx_t&)const override{++calls;return false;}bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&,board_result_t*)const override{return false;}};
+struct seed_t:board_detector_t {seed_t(const board_def_t*const*m):board_detector_t(m){}bool signature(probe_ctx_t&ctx)const override{ctx.candidate=&earlier;return false;}bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&,board_result_t*)const override{return false;}};
+int main(){for(bool five:{false,true})for(unsigned f=0;f<4;++f)for(unsigned p=0;p<4;++p)for(bool seeded:{false,true})for(unsigned start:{0u,4u})for(board_id_t pref:{board_id_t(0),board_id_t(888)}) {
+ const auto* desc=five?&desc_stampc5:&desc_stampc6;const auto* next=five?&c5later:&c6later;
+ const board_def_t* sm[]={&desc->def,nullptr};const board_def_t* lm[]={next,nullptr};const board_def_t* em[]={&earlier,nullptr};
+ for(board_id_t hint:{board_id_t(0),desc->def.id,next->id}){
+ flash=f;psram=p;stamp_t stamp(sm,five);later_t later(lm);seed_t seed(em);
+ const board_detector_t* normal[]={&stamp,&later,nullptr};const board_detector_t* withseed[]={&seed,&stamp,&later,nullptr};
+ detect_request_t req;req.attempt=start;req.max_attempts=5;req.hint=hint;req.preferred=pref;
+ prepares=constructs=adopts=0;
+ auto out=run_detection_session(req,[&](const detect_request_t&r,bool final){return run_detection_attempt(seeded?withseed:normal,r,final,[]{++adopts;});});
+ const bool matches=five?(f==1&&p==0):f==2;
+ assert(out.attempts==1&&!out.setup_succeeded);assert(later.calls==int(!matches));
+ assert(!prepares&&!constructs&&!adopts&&!should_persist_detection(out,0));
+ // Hinted later families are blocked by generated module-protection edges.
+ const auto* expected=seeded?&earlier:matches?&desc->def:nullptr;
+ assert(out.result.candidate==expected);assert(out.verdict==(expected?verdict_t::candidate:verdict_t::unknown));
+ assert(out.candidate_kind==(expected?candidate_kind_t::weak:candidate_kind_t::none));
+ }
+}}
+`,"Stamp package weak outcomes");
+});
+
+test("P4 generated families leave absent evidence unknown and retain a Tab5 weak candidate", async()=>{
+ const order=await read("board_detect/m5/generated/esp32p4_detector_order.hpp");
+ assert.doesNotMatch(order,/stampp4/);
+ await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+const board_def_t tab={22,"Tab5",def_flag_fallback};
+struct probe_ctx_t {const board_def_t* candidate=nullptr;};
+struct board_detector_t {bool tab;bool signature(probe_ctx_t&ctx)const{if(tab&&weak)ctx.candidate=&::tab;return false;}static bool weak;};
+bool board_detector_t::weak=false;
+const board_detector_t corep4x_detector={false},tab5_family_detector={true},unitpoep4_detector={false};
+constexpr unsigned max_detector_families=12;
+${order.replace('#pragma once','')}
+int main(){for(bool weak:{false,true}){board_detector_t::weak=weak;probe_ctx_t ctx;
+ detect_request_t req;req.max_attempts=5;
+ auto out=run_detection_session(req,[&](const detect_request_t&,bool){for(auto p=esp32p4_detectors;*p;++p)(*p)->signature(ctx);
+ detect_outcome_t out;out.reason=fail_reason_t::no_signature;out.result.candidate=ctx.candidate;
+ if(ctx.candidate){out.verdict=verdict_t::candidate;out.candidate_kind=candidate_kind_t::weak;}return out;});
+ assert(out.attempts==1&&out.result.candidate==(weak?&tab:nullptr));
+ assert(out.verdict==(weak?verdict_t::candidate:verdict_t::unknown));assert(!should_persist_detection(out,0));
+}}
+`,"P4 has no module-only candidate");
+});
+
+test("Unified defaults preserve build selections and supported package defaults only", async(t)=>{
+ const unified=process.env.M5UNIFIED_PATH||path.resolve(src,"../../M5Unified");
+ let impl;
+ try { impl=await fs.readFile(path.join(unified,"src/M5Unified.inl"),"utf8"); }
+ catch { return t.skip("M5Unified checkout not found"); }
+ const fallback=body(impl,"board_t M5Unified::_default_fallback_board(");
+ const names=[...new Set(fallback.match(/board_[A-Za-z0-9_]+/g))];
+ const base=`#include <cassert>\nenum class board_t {${names.join(',')}};\nunsigned pkg=0,revision=0,pkg_reads=0;namespace m5gfx {unsigned get_pkg_ver(){++pkg_reads;return pkg;}}\nstruct esp_chip_info_t {unsigned revision;};void esp_chip_info(esp_chip_info_t*p){p->revision=revision;}\nstruct M5Unified {static board_t fallback() ${fallback}};\n`;
+ const cases=[['M5UNIFIED_PC_BUILD','for(pkg=0;pkg<8;++pkg)assert(M5Unified::fallback()==board_t::board_unknown);'],
+ ['CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32','for(pkg=0;pkg<8;++pkg)assert(M5Unified::fallback()==(pkg==6?board_t::board_M5AtomPsram:pkg==5?board_t::board_M5StampPico:board_t::board_unknown));'],
+ ['CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3','for(pkg=0;pkg<2;++pkg)assert(M5Unified::fallback()==(pkg==1?board_t::board_M5StampS3Mini:board_t::board_M5StampS3));'],
+ ['CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3','assert(M5Unified::fallback()==board_t::board_M5StampC3U);'],
+ ...['ESP32C5','ESP32C6','ESP32H2'].map(chip=>['CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_'+chip,'for(pkg=0;pkg<8;++pkg)assert(M5Unified::fallback()==board_t::board_unknown);assert(pkg_reads==0);']),
+ ['CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4','for(revision=299;revision<302;++revision)assert(M5Unified::fallback()==(revision>=300?board_t::board_M5StampP4X:board_t::board_M5StampP4));']];
+ await Promise.all(cases.map(([macro,checks])=>compileRun(`#define CONFIG_IDF_TARGET 1\n#define ${macro} 1\n${base}int main(){${checks}}`,macro)));
+ const buildSelections=[['ARDUINO_M5STACK_CORE_ESP32','M5Stack'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_FIRE','M5Stack'],['ARDUINO_M5Stack_Core_ESP32','M5Stack'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_CORE2','M5StackCore2'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_Core2','M5StackCore2'],['ARDUINO_M5STICK_C','M5StickC'],['ARDUINO_M5Stick_C','M5StickC'],['ARDUINO_M5STICK_C_PLUS','M5StickCPlus'],['ARDUINO_M5Stick_C_Plus','M5StickCPlus'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_COREINK','M5StackCoreInk'],['ARDUINO_M5Stack_CoreInk','M5StackCoreInk'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_PAPER','M5Paper'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_Paper','M5Paper'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_TOUGH','M5Tough'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_ATOM','M5AtomLite'],['ARDUINO_M5Stack_ATOM','M5AtomLite'],['ARDUINO_M5STACK_TIMER_CAM','M5TimerCam'],['ARDUINO_M5Stack_Timer_CAM','M5TimerCam']];
+ await Promise.all(buildSelections.map(([macro,board])=>compileRun(`#define CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32 1\n#define ${macro} 1\n${base}int main(){assert(M5Unified::fallback()==board_t::board_${board});assert(pkg_reads==0);}`,macro)));
+});
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detect_session.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_session.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bea5db3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_session.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+
+const here = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+test("detection session enforces provisional preference, stable hints, candidates and confirmed-only persistence", async (t) => {
+  const compiler = process.env.CXX || "c++";
+  if (spawnSync(compiler, ["--version"]).error?.code === "ENOENT") return t.skip("C++ compiler unavailable");
+  const directory = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "m5gfx-session-"));
+  try {
+    const binary = path.join(directory, "detect_session_host");
+    const compiled = spawnSync(compiler, ["-std=c++11", "-O2", `-I${path.resolve(here, "../../../src")}`,
+      path.join(here, "detect_session_host.cpp"), "-o", binary], { encoding: "utf8" });
+    assert.equal(compiled.status, 0, compiled.stderr || compiled.stdout);
+    const ran = spawnSync(binary, [], { encoding: "utf8" });
+    assert.equal(ran.status, 0, ran.stderr || ran.stdout);
+    assert.match(ran.stdout, /selection cases=32/);
+  } finally {
+    await fs.rm(directory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+});
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detect_session_host.cpp b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_session_host.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4caa433c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detect_session_host.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <initializer_list>
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+static const board_def_t member = { 1, "member", 0 }, other = { 2, "other", 0 }, weak = { 3, "weak", 0 };
+
+int main()
+{
+  unsigned cases = 0;
+  // All selection-table rows, including displayless adoption and setup failure.
+  for (int verdict = 0; verdict != 4; ++verdict)
+  for (board_id_t preferred = 0; preferred != 4; ++preferred)
+  for (int adopted = 0; adopted != 2; ++adopted)
+  {
+    detect_request_t request; request.preferred = preferred; request.max_attempts = 5;
+    unsigned calls = 0, construct = 0, adopt = 0, saves = 0;
+    auto outcome = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool) {
+      ++calls; detect_outcome_t out;
+      if (verdict < 2) {
+        out.reason = fail_reason_t::no_signature;
+        if (verdict == 1) { out.verdict = verdict_t::candidate; out.candidate_kind = candidate_kind_t::weak; out.result.candidate = &weak; }
+        return out;
+      }
+      out.result.def = &member; out.result.provisional = verdict == 2;
+      if (!finalize_prepared_result(out, r.preferred)) { return out; }
+      ++construct; ++adopt;
+      out.setup_succeeded = adopted;
+      out.reason = adopted ? fail_reason_t::none : fail_reason_t::adopt_failed;
+      return out;
+    });
+    const bool yields = verdict == 2 && preferred != 0 && preferred != member.id;
+    assert(calls == unsigned(verdict < 2 || (adopted && !yields) ? 1 : 5));
+    assert(construct == (verdict < 2 || yields ? 0 : calls)); assert(adopt == construct);
+    const auto board = outcome.setup_succeeded ? outcome.result.def->id : board_id_unknown;
+    const auto candidate = board ? board_id_unknown : outcome.result.candidate ? outcome.result.candidate->id : board_id_unknown;
+    assert(board == (verdict >= 2 && !yields && adopted ? member.id : board_id_unknown));
+    assert(candidate == (yields ? member.id : verdict == 1 ? weak.id : verdict == 2 && !adopted ? member.id : board_id_unknown));
+    assert(outcome.verdict == (verdict == 3 ? verdict_t::confirmed : verdict ? verdict_t::candidate : verdict_t::unknown));
+    assert(outcome.candidate_kind == (verdict == 2 ? candidate_kind_t::provisional : verdict == 1 ? candidate_kind_t::weak : candidate_kind_t::none));
+    if (should_persist_detection(outcome, 0)) { ++saves; }
+    assert(saves == unsigned(verdict == 3 && adopted));
+    assert(!should_persist_detection(outcome, member.id));
+    ++cases;
+  }
+  // A weak candidate survives unknown attempts; provisional replaces it through the final retry.
+  detect_request_t request; request.max_attempts = 5; request.hint = other.id; request.preferred = other.id;
+  auto out = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool final) {
+    assert(r.hint == other.id); assert(r.preferred == other.id); assert(final == (r.attempt == 4));
+    assert(r.allow_reset == (r.attempt >= 3));
+    detect_outcome_t result;
+    if (r.attempt == 0) { result.verdict = verdict_t::candidate; result.candidate_kind = candidate_kind_t::weak; result.result.candidate = &weak; }
+    if (r.attempt == 3) { result.result.def = &member; result.result.provisional = true; assert(!finalize_prepared_result(result, r.preferred)); }
+    return result;
+  });
+  assert(out.attempts == 5 && out.result.candidate == &member && out.candidate_kind == candidate_kind_t::provisional);
+  assert(!should_persist_detection(out, 0));
+  // A provisional setup failure cannot be downgraded by weak/unknown retries.
+  request.preferred = 0;
+  out = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool) {
+    detect_outcome_t result;
+    if (r.attempt == 0) { result.result.def = &member; result.result.provisional = true; finalize_prepared_result(result, 0); result.reason = fail_reason_t::construct_failed; }
+    else if (r.attempt == 1) { result.verdict = verdict_t::candidate; result.candidate_kind = candidate_kind_t::weak; result.result.candidate = &weak; }
+    return result;
+  });
+  assert(out.attempts == 5 && out.result.candidate == &member && out.candidate_kind == candidate_kind_t::provisional);
+  assert(out.verdict == verdict_t::candidate);
+  // Retained candidate kind survives every confirmed-but-failed setup reason.
+  for (auto kind : {candidate_kind_t::weak, candidate_kind_t::provisional})
+  for (auto failure : {fail_reason_t::prepare_failed, fail_reason_t::construct_failed, fail_reason_t::adopt_failed}) {
+    out = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool) {
+      detect_outcome_t result;
+      if (r.attempt == 0) {
+        result.verdict = verdict_t::candidate; result.candidate_kind = kind;
+        result.result.candidate = &weak;
+      } else {
+        result.result.def = &member; finalize_prepared_result(result, 0);
+        result.reason = failure;
+      }
+      return result;
+    });
+    assert(out.attempts == 5 && out.verdict == verdict_t::confirmed && !out.setup_succeeded);
+    assert(out.result.candidate == &weak && out.candidate_kind == kind && !should_persist_detection(out, 0));
+  }
+  // An early mismatch may refine successfully on the next attempt.
+  request.preferred = other.id;
+  out = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool) {
+    detect_outcome_t result; result.result.def = r.attempt == 0 ? &member : &other;
+    result.result.provisional = r.attempt == 0;
+    if (finalize_prepared_result(result, r.preferred)) { result.setup_succeeded = true; }
+    return result;
+  });
+  assert(out.attempts == 2 && out.setup_succeeded && out.result.def == &other);
+  request.preferred = 0;
+  // Retained candidates follow confidence first, and provisional recency second.
+  for (auto first : {candidate_kind_t::weak, candidate_kind_t::provisional})
+  for (auto next : {candidate_kind_t::weak, candidate_kind_t::provisional}) {
+    out = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool) {
+      detect_outcome_t result;
+      if (r.attempt < 2) {
+        result.verdict = verdict_t::candidate;
+        result.result.candidate = r.attempt == 0 ? &member : &other;
+        result.candidate_kind = r.attempt == 0 ? first : next;
+      }
+      return result;
+    });
+    assert(out.attempts == 5 && out.verdict == verdict_t::candidate);
+    assert(out.result.candidate == (next == candidate_kind_t::provisional ? &other : &member));
+    assert(out.candidate_kind == (next == candidate_kind_t::provisional ? next : first));
+  }
+  // Initial power failure retains Core2; final refinement selects Tough while yielding to Paper.
+  request.hint = other.id; request.preferred = weak.id;
+  out = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool final) {
+    detect_outcome_t result;
+    if (r.attempt == 0 || final) {
+      result.result.def = final ? &other : &member;
+      result.result.provisional = true;
+      assert(!finalize_prepared_result(result, r.preferred));
+    }
+    return result;
+  });
+  assert(out.attempts == 5 && !out.setup_succeeded && out.result.candidate == &other);
+  assert(out.verdict == verdict_t::candidate && out.candidate_kind == candidate_kind_t::provisional);
+  assert(!should_persist_detection(out, 0));
+  request.preferred = 0;
+  // Reset escalation and immutable hint remain true through the final retry.
+  out = run_detection_session(request, [&](const detect_request_t& r, bool final) {
+    assert(r.hint == other.id); assert(final == (r.attempt == 4)); assert(r.allow_reset == (r.attempt >= 3));
+    return detect_outcome_t{};
+  }); assert(out.attempts == 5);
+  for (const auto reason : {fail_reason_t::prepare_failed, fail_reason_t::construct_failed, fail_reason_t::adopt_failed}) {
+    out = {}; out.result.def = &member; finalize_prepared_result(out, 0); out.reason = reason;
+    assert(!should_persist_detection(out, 0));
+  }
+  std::printf("selection cases=%u\n", cases);
+}
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/detector_order.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/detector_order.test.js
index bb738eb1..3686c09d 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/test/detector_order.test.js
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/detector_order.test.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { spawnSync } from "node:child_process";
 import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import test from "node:test";
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ test("GPIO power-hold catalog and M5GFX descriptions agree", async () => {
     const expected = hasGpioPowerHold(board);
     const files = ["esp32_d0wdq6.inl", "esp32_pico.inl", "esp32s3/families.inl", "esp32s3/cores3.inl",
       "esp32c3.inl", "esp32c5/toughc5.inl", "esp32c6/c6_display.inl", "esp32c6/c6_displayless.inl", "esp32h2.inl",
-      "esp32c61/corematrix.inl", "esp32p4/corep4x.inl", "esp32p4/tab5.inl", "esp32p4/unitpoep4.inl", "esp32p4/stampp4.inl"];
+      "esp32c61/corematrix.inl", "esp32p4/corep4x.inl", "esp32p4/tab5.inl", "esp32p4/unitpoep4.inl"];
     const sources = await Promise.all(files.map((name) => fs.readFile(path.join(sourceRoot, "src/board_detect/m5", name), "utf8")));
     const source = sources.find((text) => text.includes(`${target.desc_name} = {`));
     assert.ok(source, id);
@@ -96,3 +97,25 @@ test("GPIO power-hold catalog and M5GFX descriptions agree", async () => {
     assert.equal(/gpio_power(?:_low)?\(/.test(power), expected, id);
   }
 });
+
+test("generated detector count accepts the limit and rejects an overflowing list", (t) => {
+  const compiler = process.env.CXX || "c++";
+  if (spawnSync(compiler, ["--version"]).error?.code === "ENOENT") return t.skip("C++ compiler unavailable");
+  const board = { id: "board", chip: "test", legacy_board_id: 1 };
+  const groups = { test_detectors: { chip: "test", output: "test_order.hpp", families: [
+    { detector: "first", boards: ["board"] }, { detector: "second", boards: ["board"] },
+  ] } };
+  const array = renderDetectorOrderHeaders([board], groups).get("test_order.hpp");
+  const compile = (limit) => spawnSync(compiler, ["-std=c++11", "-x", "c++", "-fsyntax-only", "-"], {
+    encoding: "utf8", input: `struct board_detector_t {};
+static const board_detector_t first{}, second{};
+`
+      + `static constexpr unsigned max_detector_families = ${limit};
+` + array,
+  });
+  const atLimit = compile(2);
+  assert.equal(atLimit.status, 0, atLimit.stderr);
+  const overflow = compile(1);
+  assert.notEqual(overflow.status, 0);
+  assert.match(overflow.stderr, /test_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit/);
+});
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/fixed_board.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/fixed_board.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4aaa7d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/fixed_board.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { body, compileRun } from "./detect_host_helpers.js";
+const src = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "../../../src");
+
+test("fixed acceptance bypasses NVS and detection and retries clean startup after failure", async () => {
+  const main = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "M5GFX.cpp"), "utf8");
+  const registry = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "board_detect/m5/board_registry.inl"), "utf8");
+  const fixed = body(main, "static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_fixed_detection(");
+  const session = body(main, "static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_fixed_detection_session(");
+  const select = body(main, "const board_detect::m5::board_entry_t* select_fixed_board(");
+  const finish = body(main, "static board_detect::detect_outcome_t finish_detection_setup(");
+  const find = body(registry, "const board_entry_t* find_board(");
+  const start = main.indexOf("    _detect_started = true;", main.indexOf("bool M5GFX::init_impl("));
+  const prefix = main.slice(start, main.indexOf("    static constexpr char NVS_KEY", start));
+  const getterSource = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "M5GFX.h"), "utf8");
+  const fixedGetter = body(getterSource, "board_t getFixedBoard(");
+  await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <vector>
+#define CONFIG_IDF_TARGET 1
+#define CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3 1
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) (++warnings)
+#define ESP_LOGI(...) ((void)0)
+using namespace m5gfx;
+enum class board_t:std::uint32_t {board_unknown=0,member=1,unsupported=2};
+int warnings,nvs_calls,detect_calls,construct_calls,adopt_calls,finish_calls,rollback_calls,commit_calls,start_calls;
+bool prepare_ok,construct_ok,adopt_ok,displayless;
+bool opi_active=false,description_ok=true,capture_ok=true;int captures;
+bool conditional_detection_pins_unavailable(){return opi_active;}
+std::vector<bool> reset_flags;int startup_countdown=0;
+namespace lgfx {namespace i2c {bool isInitialized(int) {return false;}}}
+namespace m5gfx {namespace board_detect {
+constexpr int max_detection_pins=64;
+struct list_t {const std::int8_t* data;std::size_t size;};
+using pin_list_t=list_t;
+struct board_desc_t {
+ board_def_t def;
+ struct {int hold_pin;} power;
+ struct {int pin;} reset;
+ struct {int sclk,mosi,miso,dc,cs,rst,busy;} display;
+ struct {int sclk,mosi,miso,sd_cs,other_cs;} sd;
+ struct {int sda,scl,hw_port;} internal_i2c;
+ list_t hold_high_pins,op_gpio_pins;
+};
+void board_result_t::assign(const board_desc_t* value) {desc=value;def=value?&value->def:&board_def_unknown;}
+struct prepare_ctx_t {bool allow_reset=true;int i2c_port_probe=-1;detection_transaction_t* transaction=nullptr;};
+inline pin_list_t no_pins() {return {nullptr,0};}
+struct detection_transaction_t {
+ detection_transaction_t(pin_list_t pins,pin_list_t,bool) {
+  ++captures;for(std::size_t i=0;i<pins.size;++i) {assert(pins.data[i]>=0);}
+ }
+ bool valid() {return capture_ok;}
+ void rollback() {++rollback_calls;}void commit(){++commit_calls;}
+ void restore_start(const std::int8_t*,std::size_t) {}
+ struct buses_t {void opened_i2c(int){}} buses_;
+ buses_t& buses(){return buses_;}
+};
+namespace startup_detail {bool description_valid(const board_desc_t&) {return description_ok;}}
+bool prepare(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) {
+ reset_flags.push_back(ctx.allow_reset);
+ assert(result.option==0&&result.prepared==0&&!result.provisional&&result.refine==nullptr&&result.candidate==nullptr);
+ ++start_calls;result.option=4;result.prepared=prepared_power;return prepare_ok||(startup_countdown>0&&--startup_countdown==0);
+}
+namespace m5 {
+namespace wiring {namespace detection {const std::int8_t opi_pins[]={33,34,35,36,37};}}
+struct display_parts_t {int* bus=nullptr;int* panel=nullptr;int* light=nullptr;int* touch=nullptr;};
+enum class construct_status_t {ok,no_display,failed};
+using start_t=bool(*)(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&);
+struct board_entry_t {const board_desc_t* desc;start_t fixed_start;};
+template<std::size_t BoardCount> const board_entry_t* find_board(const board_entry_t (&boards)[BoardCount],board_id_t id) ${find}
+board_desc_t desc={{1,"member",0},{0},{1},{2,3,4,5,6,1,7},{-1,-1,-1,-1,-1},{-1,-1,-1},{nullptr,0},{nullptr,0}};
+const board_entry_t entries[]={{&desc,nullptr}};
+const board_entry_t (&esp32s3_boards)[1]=entries;
+construct_status_t setup_detected_board(const board_result_t& result,display_parts_t*) {
+ assert(result.desc==&desc&&result.def==&desc.def&&result.option==4&&result.prepared==prepared_power&&!result.provisional&&result.refine==nullptr);
+ ++construct_calls;return !construct_ok?construct_status_t::failed:displayless?construct_status_t::no_display:construct_status_t::ok;
+}
+void destroy_display_parts(display_parts_t*) {}
+struct log_t {const char* name;const char* annotation;};
+log_t success_log(const board_result_t&){return {nullptr,nullptr};}
+}
+}}
+const int probe_i2c_port=-1;
+template<class SetupDetected> board_detect::detect_outcome_t finish_detection_setup(board_detect::board_result_t& result,board_detect::detect_outcome_t outcome,board_detect::detection_transaction_t& transaction,board_t setup_board,SetupDetected setup) ${finish}
+template<class SetupDetected> board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_fixed_detection(const board_detect::m5::board_entry_t& entry,bool allow_reset,SetupDetected setup) ${fixed}
+template<class SetupDetected> board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_fixed_detection_session(const board_detect::m5::board_entry_t& entry,bool allow_reset,SetupDetected setup) ${session}
+const board_detect::m5::board_entry_t* select_fixed_board(board_t board) ${select}
+bool reject_detected_setup(board_t){return false;}
+struct M5GFX {
+ bool _detect_started=false;
+ board_t _board=board_t::board_unknown,_board_candidate=board_t::member,_fixed_board=board_t::board_unknown;
+ struct {board_t fixed_board=board_t::board_unknown,fallback_board=board_t::board_unknown;} _detect_config;
+ board_t getBoard() const {return _board;}
+ board_t getFixedBoard() const ${fixedGetter}
+ bool _adopt_detected_parts(int*,int*,int*,int*){++adopt_calls;return adopt_ok;}
+ bool _finish_detected_init(bool){++finish_calls;return true;}
+ bool init(bool use_reset=true,bool use_clear=true) {
+ ${prefix}
+ ++nvs_calls;++detect_calls;return false;
+ }
+};
+int main() {
+ using namespace board_detect;
+ using board_detect::m5::desc;
+ prepare_ok=construct_ok=adopt_ok=true;
+ M5GFX unsupported;unsupported._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::unsupported;
+ assert(!unsupported.init()&&unsupported.getFixedBoard()==board_t::board_unknown);
+ assert(nvs_calls==0&&detect_calls==0&&start_calls==0);
+ for(int failure=0;failure<3;++failure) {
+ M5GFX gfx;gfx._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;
+ prepare_ok=failure!=0;construct_ok=failure!=1;adopt_ok=failure!=2;
+ assert(!gfx.init());assert(gfx.getBoard()==board_t::board_unknown&&gfx.getFixedBoard()==board_t::member);
+ prepare_ok=construct_ok=adopt_ok=true;
+ assert(gfx.init());assert(gfx.getBoard()==board_t::member&&gfx.getFixedBoard()==board_t::member);
+ assert(gfx._board_candidate==board_t::board_unknown);
+ assert(nvs_calls==0&&detect_calls==0);
+ }
+ assert(commit_calls==3&&rollback_calls==15);
+ prepare_ok=false;reset_flags.clear();M5GFX retry;retry._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;
+ assert(!retry.init(false));assert(reset_flags==std::vector<bool>({false,false,false,true,true}));prepare_ok=true;
+ prepare_ok=false;startup_countdown=4;reset_flags.clear();M5GFX transient;transient._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;
+ assert(transient.init(false));assert(reset_flags==std::vector<bool>({false,false,false,true}));
+ assert(transient.getBoard()==board_t::member);prepare_ok=true;
+ const int old_captures=captures,old_starts=start_calls;
+ opi_active=true;desc.display.cs=33;M5GFX opi;opi._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;
+ assert(!opi.init()&&opi.getFixedBoard()==board_t::member&&opi.getBoard()==board_t::board_unknown);
+ assert(captures==old_captures&&start_calls==old_starts);desc.display.cs=6;
+ assert(opi.init());opi_active=false;
+ description_ok=false;M5GFX invalid;invalid._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;
+ int before_warnings=warnings;assert(!invalid.init());assert(warnings==before_warnings+5);description_ok=true;
+ capture_ok=false;M5GFX snapshot;snapshot._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;
+ before_warnings=warnings;assert(!snapshot.init());assert(warnings==before_warnings+5);capture_ok=true;
+ std::int8_t excess[65];for(int i=0;i<65;++i)excess[i]=i;desc.op_gpio_pins={excess,65};
+ M5GFX overflow;overflow._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;before_warnings=warnings;
+ assert(!overflow.init());assert(warnings==before_warnings+5);desc.op_gpio_pins={nullptr,0};
+ M5GFX wide;wide._detect_config.fixed_board=static_cast<board_t>(0x10001);
+ assert(!wide.init()&&wide.getFixedBoard()==board_t::board_unknown);
+ displayless=true;M5GFX no_display;no_display._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::member;
+ assert(no_display.init()&&no_display.getBoard()==board_t::member&&no_display.getFixedBoard()==board_t::member);
+ M5GFX initialized;initialized._board=board_t::member;initialized._detect_config.fixed_board=board_t::unsupported;
+ const int before=start_calls;assert(initialized.init()&&initialized.getFixedBoard()==board_t::board_unknown&&start_calls==before);
+ assert(nvs_calls==0&&detect_calls==0);
+ M5GFX auto_gfx;assert(!auto_gfx.init());assert(nvs_calls==1&&detect_calls==1);
+}
+`, "fixed entry and startup");
+});
+
+test("fixed variant callbacks never invoke family identification", async () => {
+  const detector = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "board_detect/board_detect.inl"), "utf8");
+  const core = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"), "utf8");
+  const s3 = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "board_detect/m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl"), "utf8");
+  const families = await fs.readFile(path.join(src, "board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families.inl"), "utf8");
+  const coreStart = body(core, "bool fixed_start_core(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)\n    {");
+  assert.doesNotMatch(coreStart, /touch_|try_station|probe_pin_pulls|assign\(/);
+  const s3Start = body(s3, "bool fixed_start(board_result_t& result");
+  assert.doesNotMatch(s3Start, /camera_id|probe_dedicated|firmware_reg|assign\(/);
+  for (const name of ["atoms3", "atoms3r", "airq"]) {
+    const start = body(families, `bool fixed_start_${name}(`);
+    assert.match(start, /fixed_start_spi_variant/);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(start, /camera|signature|detector|refine/);
+  }
+  const spiStart = body(detector, "bool fixed_start_spi_variant(");
+  assert.doesNotMatch(spiStart, /detector|candidate|assign\(/);
+});
+
+test("fixed Core2 and CoreS3 observe only construction variants in startup order", async () => {
+  const core = await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"),"utf8");
+  const s3 = await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl"),"utf8");
+  const coreStart=body(core,"bool fixed_start_core(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)\n    {");
+  const s3Start=body(s3,"bool fixed_start(board_result_t& result");
+  await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_types.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <vector>
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) (++warnings)
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+std::vector<int> sequence;bool pmic_known, new_pmic, lcd_e, powered;int warnings;
+namespace m5gfx {namespace board_detect {
+struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {int sda,scl;} internal_i2c;struct {std::int8_t dc,sclk,mosi,miso;} display;};
+void board_result_t::assign(const board_desc_t* d){desc=d;def=&d->def;}
+struct detection_transaction_t {void restore_start(const std::int8_t(&)[4]){}};
+struct prepare_ctx_t {detection_transaction_t* transaction;int i2c_port_probe;};
+struct probe_ctx_t:prepare_ctx_t {};
+struct pmic_variant_t {std::uint32_t detected_option;};
+}}
+namespace generated_options {namespace core2 {constexpr unsigned new_pmic=1,lcd_e=2;}}
+constexpr unsigned vbus_5v=4;
+enum class panel_variant_t {unknown,c,e};
+namespace startup_detail {
+struct i2c_scope_t {bool opened=true;int port=0;i2c_scope_t(detection_transaction_t&,int,const decltype(board_desc_t::internal_i2c)&){}};
+bool prepare_power(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t& r,int,bool) {sequence.push_back(2);r.prepared|=prepared_power;return powered;}
+}
+const pmic_variant_t* observe_core_pmic(int){sequence.push_back(1);static pmic_variant_t p;p.detected_option=new_pmic?1:0;return pmic_known?&p:nullptr;}
+bool observe_core_panel(board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&,panel_variant_t& v,std::uint32_t[4]){sequence.push_back(3);v=lcd_e?panel_variant_t::e:panel_variant_t::unknown;return true;}
+void log_panel_variant(panel_variant_t,const std::uint32_t[4]){}
+bool prepare(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t&,const prepare_ctx_t&){sequence.push_back(4);return true;}
+std::uint32_t observe_vbus(probe_ctx_t&){sequence.push_back(1);return vbus_5v;}
+void enable_bus_out(const prepare_ctx_t&){sequence.push_back(3);}
+bool refine_panel(board_result_t& r,const prepare_ctx_t&){sequence.push_back(5);if(lcd_e)r.option|=2;return true;}
+bool fixed_core(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${coreStart}
+bool fixed_s3(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx) ${s3Start}
+int main(){
+ const board_desc_t desc={{1,"fixed",0},{0,1},{2,3,4,5}};detection_transaction_t tx;prepare_ctx_t ctx={&tx,-1};
+ board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc);pmic_known=false;powered=true;
+ assert(!fixed_core(r,ctx));assert(sequence==std::vector<int>({1}));assert(warnings==1);
+ for(bool pmic:{false,true})for(bool panel:{false,true}){
+  sequence.clear();r={};r.assign(&desc);pmic_known=true;new_pmic=pmic;lcd_e=panel;
+  assert(fixed_core(r,ctx));assert(sequence==std::vector<int>({1,2,3,4}));
+  assert(r.option==unsigned((pmic?1:0)|(panel?2:0)));assert(r.def==&desc.def&&!r.provisional&&r.refine==nullptr);
+ }
+ sequence.clear();r={};r.assign(&desc);lcd_e=true;
+ assert(fixed_s3(r,ctx));assert(sequence==std::vector<int>({1,2,3,5,4}));
+ assert(r.option==(vbus_5v|2));assert(r.def==&desc.def&&r.refine==nullptr);
+}
+`,"fixed construction variants");
+});
+
+test("M5Unified BOARD_ID guard accepts positive values without M5GFX_BOARD and fixed selection wins", async (t) => {
+ const unified=process.env.M5UNIFIED_PATH||path.resolve(src,"../../M5Unified");
+ let header;try{header=await fs.readFile(path.join(unified,"src/M5Unified.hpp"),"utf8");}catch{return t.skip("M5Unified checkout absent");}
+ const guard=[...header.matchAll(/#if defined \(BOARD_ID\) && \(\(BOARD_ID \+ 0\) > 0\)[\s\S]*?#endif/g)].map(m=>m[0]).find(s=>s.includes("detect_config.fixed_board"));
+ assert.ok(guard);
+ const start=header.indexOf("      const auto fixed_board = Display.getFixedBoard();");
+ const end=header.indexOf("      _board = board;",start)+"      _board = board;".length;
+ const selection=header.slice(start,end);
+ const definitions=["","#define BOARD_ID","#define BOARD_ID 0","#define BOARD_ID 10"];
+ for(const define of definitions){
+  await compileRun(`
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+${define}
+enum class board_t{board_unknown=0,fixed=1,fallback=2,candidate=3,default_board=4};
+struct config_t {board_t fixed_board=board_t::board_unknown;};
+int main(){config_t detect_config;
+${guard}
+assert(static_cast<int>(detect_config.fixed_board)==${define.includes("10")?10:0});}
+`,"BOARD_ID guard");
+ }
+ await compileRun(`
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#define ESP_LOG_WARN 1
+enum class board_t{board_unknown=0,fixed=1,fallback=2,candidate=3,default_board=4};
+int warnings;void Log(int,const char*,unsigned,unsigned){++warnings;}
+struct display_t {
+ board_t fixed,adopted,candidate;
+ board_t getFixedBoard(){return fixed;}board_t getBoard(){return adopted;}board_t getBoardCandidate(){return candidate;}
+};
+struct unified_t {
+ display_t Display;struct {board_t fallback_board;} cfg;
+ board_t _board;
+ board_t _default_fallback_board(){return board_t::default_board;}
+ void select(){
+ ${selection}
+ }
+};
+int main(){for(int fixed=0;fixed<2;++fixed)for(int adopted=0;adopted<2;++adopted)for(int fallback=0;fallback<2;++fallback)for(int candidate=0;candidate<2;++candidate){
+ warnings=0;unified_t u;u.Display={fixed?board_t::fixed:board_t::board_unknown,adopted?board_t::fallback:board_t::board_unknown,candidate?board_t::candidate:board_t::board_unknown};u.cfg.fallback_board=fallback?board_t::fallback:board_t::board_unknown;
+ u.select();assert(u._board==(fixed?board_t::fixed:adopted||fallback?board_t::fallback:candidate?board_t::candidate:board_t::default_board));
+ assert(warnings==(fixed&&fallback));
+}}
+`,"fixed and fallback selection");
+});
+
+test("fixed Tough backlight follows observed PMIC while its panel and touch remain fixed", async () => {
+ const setup=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6_setup.inl"),"utf8");
+ const construct=body(setup,"construct_status_t construct_tough(");
+ await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_types.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+int selected;
+namespace lgfx {struct ILight {virtual ~ILight()=default;};struct Touch_CHSC6540 {}; }
+struct Light_M5StackCore2_AXP2101:lgfx::ILight {Light_M5StackCore2_AXP2101(){selected=1;}};
+struct Light_M5Tough:lgfx::ILight {Light_M5Tough(){selected=2;}};
+struct panel_t {void touch(lgfx::Touch_CHSC6540*){}};
+struct display_parts_t{};
+struct display_parts_owner_t {
+ std::unique_ptr<lgfx::ILight> light;
+ std::unique_ptr<lgfx::Touch_CHSC6540> touch;
+ std::unique_ptr<panel_t> panel;
+ bool release_to(display_parts_t*){return true;}
+};
+namespace generated_options {namespace core2 {constexpr unsigned new_pmic=1;}namespace tough {constexpr unsigned lcd_e=2;}}
+constexpr int bus_tough=0,touch_tough=0;
+template<class T>T* make_default_part(){return new T();}
+template<class T>T* make_i2c_touch(int){return new T();}
+void construct_core_panel(const board_result_t&,unsigned,int,display_parts_owner_t* out){out->panel.reset(new panel_t);}
+using construct_status_t=bool;bool construct_status(bool v){return v;}
+construct_status_t construct_tough(const board_result_t& result,display_parts_t* parts) ${construct}
+int main(){for(unsigned option=0;option<2;++option){board_result_t r;r.option=option;display_parts_t p;assert(construct_tough(r,&p));assert(selected==(option?1:2));}}
+`,"Tough PMIC backlight");
+});
+
+test("Paper IT8951 initialization waits for BUSY before sending panel commands", async () => {
+ const panel=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"lgfx/v1/panel/Panel_IT8951.inl"),"utf8");
+ const init=body(panel,"bool Panel_IT8951::init(");
+ assert.ok(init.indexOf("_wait_busy();")>=0&&init.indexOf("_wait_busy();")<init.indexOf("startWrite();"));
+});
+
+test("fixed SPI variants read only the selected display and keep default on unreadable ID", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const observe=body(source,"bool observe_spi_variant(");
+ const start=body(source,"bool fixed_start_spi_variant(");
+ await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_types.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#define ESP_LOGW(...) (++warnings)
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+int mode,reads,warnings,prepares;
+namespace m5gfx {namespace board_detect {
+struct board_desc_t {board_def_t def;struct {std::int8_t sclk,mosi,miso,dc,cs;} display;};
+void board_result_t::assign(const board_desc_t* d){desc=d;def=&d->def;}
+struct detection_transaction_t {void restore_start(const std::int8_t(&pins)[4]){for(int i=0;i<4;++i)assert(pins[i]>=2&&pins[i]<=5);}};
+struct prepare_ctx_t {detection_transaction_t* transaction;};
+struct probe_ctx_t:prepare_ctx_t {};
+struct spi_id_probe_t {unsigned cmd,dummy_bits,mask;const std::uint32_t* values;unsigned value_count,option_bit;};
+struct spi_id_member_t {const board_desc_t* desc;const spi_id_probe_t* probes;unsigned probe_count;bool three_wire;std::uint8_t slow_retry_half_us;bool legacy_zero_preamble;};
+}}
+bool prepare(const board_desc_t&,board_result_t& r,const prepare_ctx_t&){++prepares;r.prepared=prepared_power|prepared_reset;return true;}
+std::uint32_t soft_spi_read32(probe_ctx_t&,int sclk,int mosi,int miso,int dc,int cs,unsigned,unsigned,unsigned half,bool){
+ assert(sclk==2&&mosi==3&&miso==3&&dc==5&&cs==6);assert(half==1||half==5);++reads;
+ return mode==0?0xffffffff:mode==1?0x11:mode==3&&reads==1?0xffffffff:0x22;
+}
+bool observe_spi_variant(probe_ctx_t& ctx,const board_desc_t& desc,const spi_id_probe_t* probes,std::size_t probe_count,std::uint32_t* option,bool three_wire,std::uint8_t slow_retry_half_us,bool legacy_zero_preamble) ${observe}
+bool fixed_start_spi_variant(board_result_t& result,const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,const spi_id_member_t& member) ${start}
+int main(){
+ const board_desc_t desc={{1,"fixed display",0},{2,3,4,5,6}};
+ const std::uint32_t standard[]={0x11},alternate[]={0x22};
+ const spi_id_probe_t probes[]={{4,1,0xff,standard,1,0},{4,1,0xff,alternate,1,1}};
+ const spi_id_member_t member={&desc,probes,2,true,5,false};detection_transaction_t tx;prepare_ctx_t ctx={&tx};
+ for(mode=0;mode<4;++mode){board_result_t r;r.assign(&desc);reads=warnings=prepares=0;
+ assert(fixed_start_spi_variant(r,ctx,member));assert(r.def==&desc.def&&r.option==unsigned(mode>=2));
+ assert(prepares==1&&reads==(mode==0||mode==3?2:1)&&warnings==(mode==0));
+ assert(r.prepared==(prepared_power|prepared_reset)&&!r.provisional&&r.refine==nullptr);
+ }
+}
+`,"fixed SPI-only observation");
+});
+
+test("fixed GPIO46 pre-hold follows the existing power pin table", async (t) => {
+ const unified=process.env.M5UNIFIED_PATH||path.resolve(src,"../../M5Unified");
+ let header, impl;
+ try {
+  header=await fs.readFile(path.join(unified,"src/M5Unified.hpp"),"utf8");
+  impl=await fs.readFile(path.join(unified,"src/M5Unified.inl"),"utf8");
+ } catch { return t.skip("M5Unified checkout not found"); }
+ const table=/static constexpr const uint8_t _pin_table_other1\[\]\[2\] = \{[\s\S]*?\n\};/.exec(impl)[0];
+ const getter=body(impl,"int8_t M5Unified::_get_power_hold_pin(board_t id)");
+ const guard=[...header.matchAll(/#if defined \(BOARD_ID\) && \(\(BOARD_ID \+ 0\) > 0\)[\s\S]*?#endif/g)].map(m=>m[0]).find(s=>s.includes("gpio46_hold"));
+ for(const fixed of [undefined,0,1,2,3,4,5,6]) {
+ await compileRun(`
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cassert>
+#define CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3 1
+#define GPIO_NUM_46 46
+#define GPIO_NUM_44 44
+${fixed===undefined?"":"#define BOARD_ID "+fixed}
+struct board_t {enum value {board_unknown=0,board_M5Dial=1,board_M5Capsule=2,board_M5AirQ=3,board_M5DinMeter=4,board_M5PaperS3=5,board_M5AtomS3=6};uint8_t id;board_t(int v):id(v){} operator uint8_t() const{return id;}};
+namespace m5gfx {using ::board_t;}
+${table}
+struct M5Unified {
+ static int8_t _get_power_hold_pin(board_t id) ${getter}
+ struct {int board=0;int getBoard(){return board;}} Display;
+ bool hold(){
+ ${guard}
+ return gpio46_hold;
+ }
+};
+int main(){M5Unified u;assert(u.hold()==${fixed===undefined||fixed===0||(fixed>=1&&fixed<=4)?"true":"false"});u.Display.board=6;assert(!u.hold());assert(M5Unified::_get_power_hold_pin(board_t(99))==-1);}
+`,"fixed power hold");
+ }
+});
+
+test("fixed Stack startup no longer collects unused IPS options", async () => {
+ const declaration=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/board_detect.hpp"),"utf8");
+ const implementation=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const main=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"M5GFX.cpp"),"utf8");
+ const normal=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"),"utf8");
+ assert.doesNotMatch(declaration+implementation+main,/collect_reset_option/);
+ assert.match(normal,/stack_reset_and_sample_ips/);
+ assert.doesNotMatch(body(main,"static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_fixed_detection("),/stack::ips|stack_reset_and_sample_ips/);
+});
+
+ test("StopWatch constructor GPIO is included in its rollback pins",async()=>{
+ const desc=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+ const setup=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families_setup.inl"),"utf8");
+ assert.match(desc,/stopwatch_te_pin = GPIO_NUM_38/);
+ assert.match(desc,/stopwatch_startup_pins\[\] = \{[\s\S]*?stopwatch_te_pin/);
+ assert.match(body(setup,"construct_status_t construct_stopwatch("),/pinMode\(stopwatch_te_pin/);
+ assert.match(desc,/desc_stopwatch = \{[\s\S]*?pins\(stopwatch_startup_pins\)/);
+ });
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/ops_host.cpp b/extras/board_spec/test/ops_host.cpp
index f009a4c6..9dd9626c 100644
--- a/extras/board_spec/test/ops_host.cpp
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/ops_host.cpp
@@ -50,12 +50,18 @@ struct fake_t
   int ready_failures = 0;
   int ready_attempts = 0;
   std::uint32_t ready_attempt_ms = 0;
+  bool check_ioe_wait = false;
+  std::uint32_t ioe_ready_at = 0;
+  int wait_notifications = 0;
+  std::uint32_t wait_elapsed = 0;
+  bool wait_succeeded = false;
 };
 
 static bool read8(void* context, const bdops::i2c_device_t& device,
                   std::uint16_t reg, std::uint8_t* value)
 {
   auto& fake = *static_cast<fake_t*>(context);
+  if (fake.check_ioe_wait && device.addr == 0x4F) { assert(fake.now >= fake.ioe_ready_at); }
   ++fake.reads;
   if (fake.read_failures-- > 0) { return false; }
   for (auto attempt : fake.read_nacks)
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ static bool write8(void* context, const bdops::i2c_device_t& device,
                    std::uint16_t reg, std::uint8_t value)
 {
   auto& fake = *static_cast<fake_t*>(context);
+  if (fake.check_ioe_wait && device.addr == 0x4F) { assert(fake.now >= fake.ioe_ready_at); }
   ++fake.writes_attempted;
   if (fake.write_failures-- > 0) { return false; }
   const auto key = std::make_pair(device.addr, reg);
@@ -89,12 +96,17 @@ static bool write16le(void* context, const bdops::i2c_device_t& device,
   return true;
 }
 
-static bool ready(void* context, const bdops::i2c_device_t&, std::uint32_t remaining_ms)
+static bool ready(void* context, const bdops::i2c_device_t& device, std::uint32_t remaining_ms)
 {
   auto& fake = *static_cast<fake_t*>(context);
   if (remaining_ms == 0) { return false; }
   ++fake.ready_attempts;
   fake.now += fake.ready_attempt_ms;
+  if (fake.check_ioe_wait)
+  {
+    assert(device.addr == 0x4F);
+    return fake.now >= fake.ioe_ready_at;
+  }
   return fake.ready_failures-- <= 0;
 }
 
@@ -494,6 +506,59 @@ static void test_pm1_family_sequences()
   }
 }
 
+static void wait_finished(void* context, const bdops::i2c_device_t& device,
+                          std::uint32_t elapsed, bool succeeded)
+{
+  auto& fake = *static_cast<fake_t*>(context);
+  assert(device.addr == 0x4F);
+  ++fake.wait_notifications;
+  fake.wait_elapsed = elapsed;
+  fake.wait_succeeded = succeeded;
+}
+
+static void test_pm1_member_boot_wait()
+{
+  const std::int8_t pins[] = { 39, 16 };
+  const bdops::gpio_scope_t scope = { 49, pins, 2 };
+  const bdops::op_list_t sequences[] = {
+    bdops::list(pmicops::stopwatch_power_on), bdops::list(pmicops::papermono_power_on)
+  };
+  for (const auto& sequence : sequences)
+  {
+    for (unsigned ready_at : { 0u, 230u, 499u, 500u, 501u })
+    {
+      fake_t fake;
+      fake.check_ioe_wait = true;
+      fake.ioe_ready_at = ready_at;
+      const auto result = bdops::run_ops(backend(fake), pmicops::pm1_family_devices, 2,
+                                        sequence.data, sequence.size, scope, nullptr,
+                                        wait_finished);
+      const bool success = ready_at < 500;
+      assert((result.status == bdops::op_status_t::ok) == success);
+      assert(fake.wait_notifications == 1 && fake.wait_succeeded == success);
+      assert(fake.wait_elapsed == (success ? ready_at : 500));
+      // PM1 writes precede the wait; no IOE1 access precedes readiness.
+      assert(fake.writes.size() == (success ? (sequence.data == pmicops::stopwatch_power_on ? 12u : 11u) : 3u));
+      if (!success) { assert(result.status == bdops::op_status_t::timeout && result.failed_index == 5); }
+    }
+  }
+  // Shared devices do not add a boot wait to other PM1/IOE1 users.
+  fake_t chain;
+  chain.ready_failures = 1000;
+  auto result = bdops::run_ops(backend(chain), pmicops::pm1_family_devices, 2,
+                               pmicops::chaincaptain_power_on,
+                               sizeof(pmicops::chaincaptain_power_on) / sizeof(pmicops::chaincaptain_power_on[0]),
+                               scope, nullptr, wait_finished);
+  assert(result.status == bdops::op_status_t::ok && chain.ready_attempts == 0 && chain.wait_notifications == 0);
+  fake_t stick;
+  stick.ready_failures = 1000;
+  result = bdops::run_ops(backend(stick), pmicops::pm1_devices, 1,
+                         pmicops::sticks3_power_on,
+                         sizeof(pmicops::sticks3_power_on) / sizeof(pmicops::sticks3_power_on[0]),
+                         scope, nullptr, wait_finished);
+  assert(result.status == bdops::op_status_t::ok && stick.ready_attempts == 0 && stick.wait_notifications == 0);
+}
+
 static void test_pm1_ext_family_sequences()
 {
   {
@@ -837,6 +902,7 @@ int main()
   test_core2_restore_coverage();
   test_sticks3_retry_scopes();
   test_pm1_family_sequences();
+  test_pm1_member_boot_wait();
   test_pm1_ext_family_sequences();
   test_paper_family_sequences();
   test_toughc5_sequences();
diff --git a/extras/board_spec/test/pull_release.test.js b/extras/board_spec/test/pull_release.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..647c68b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extras/board_spec/test/pull_release.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { body, compileRun } from "./detect_host_helpers.js";
+const here = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const src = path.resolve(here, "../../../src/board_detect");
+
+test("release pull classifier covers every four-sample combination", async () => {
+ await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_class.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+int main(){
+ // Index bits are PD, PU, released PD, released PU. Values follow measured U/D/u/d/F/X semantics.
+ const pull_class_t expected[]={
+ pull_class_t::down,pull_class_t::conflict,pull_class_t::weak_down,pull_class_t::up,
+ pull_class_t::down,pull_class_t::conflict,pull_class_t::conflict,pull_class_t::up,
+ pull_class_t::down,pull_class_t::conflict,pull_class_t::floating,pull_class_t::up,
+ pull_class_t::down,pull_class_t::conflict,pull_class_t::weak_up,pull_class_t::up};
+ for(int pin:{0,17,63})for(unsigned sample=0;sample<16;++sample)for(bool released:{false,true}){
+ const auto bit=std::uint64_t(1)<<pin;pin_pull_result_t r;r.release_sampled=released;
+ // Other bits must not affect classification of this pin.
+ r.pulldown_high=(sample&1)?~std::uint64_t(0):~bit;
+ r.pullup_high=(sample&2)?~std::uint64_t(0):~bit;
+ r.pulldown_release_high=(sample&4)?~std::uint64_t(0):~bit;
+ r.pullup_release_high=(sample&8)?~std::uint64_t(0):~bit;
+ const auto value=classify_pin_pull(r,pin);
+ assert(value==(!released&&(sample&3)==2?pull_class_t::pull_dependent:expected[sample]));
+ if(!released)assert(value!=pull_class_t::weak_up&&value!=pull_class_t::weak_down&&value!=pull_class_t::floating);
+ }
+}
+`,"release classifications");
+});
+
+test("production pull probe preserves zero-release sequence and samples release per pin", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.inl"),"utf8");
+ const probe=body(source,'pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(');
+ const header=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.hpp"),"utf8");
+ const declaration=header.match(/pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls\([^;]+;/)[0];
+ await compileRun(`
+#include "board_detect/detect_class.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <vector>
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+struct event_t {int pin,kind;unsigned value;bool operator==(const event_t& b)const{return pin==b.pin&&kind==b.kind&&value==b.value;}};
+std::vector<event_t> events;std::vector<bool> samples;unsigned cursor;int current_pin;
+struct tx_t {void restore_start(std::int8_t pin){events.push_back({pin,3,0});}};
+struct probe_ctx_t {tx_t* transaction;};
+${declaration}
+namespace lgfx {
+enum class pin_mode_t {input_pulldown,input_pullup,input};
+void pinMode(int pin,pin_mode_t mode){current_pin=pin;events.push_back({pin,0,unsigned(mode)});}
+void delayMicroseconds(unsigned us){events.push_back({current_pin,1,us});}
+bool gpio_in(int pin){const bool value=samples.at(cursor++);events.push_back({pin,2,unsigned(value)});return value;}}
+pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t& ctx,std::uint64_t pin_mask,std::uint32_t release_us) ${probe}
+int main(){tx_t tx;probe_ctx_t ctx={&tx};const std::uint64_t mask=(1ull<<3)|(1ull<<9);
+ samples={false,true,true,false};cursor=0;
+ const auto legacy=probe_pin_pulls(ctx,mask);
+ const std::vector<event_t> expected_legacy={
+ {3,0,0},{3,1,10},{3,2,0},{3,0,1},{3,1,10},{3,2,1},{3,3,0},
+ {9,0,0},{9,1,10},{9,2,1},{9,0,1},{9,1,10},{9,2,0},{9,3,0}};
+ assert(events==expected_legacy&&cursor==4);
+ assert(legacy.pulldown_high==(1ull<<9)&&legacy.pullup_high==(1ull<<3));
+ assert(legacy.pulldown_release_high==0&&legacy.pullup_release_high==0&&!legacy.release_sampled);
+ events.clear();cursor=0;probe_pin_pulls(ctx,mask,0);assert(events==expected_legacy&&cursor==4);
+ events.clear();samples={false,false,true,true,true,false,false,true};cursor=0;
+ const auto released=probe_pin_pulls(ctx,mask,128);
+ const std::vector<event_t> expected_release={
+ {3,0,0},{3,1,10},{3,2,0},{3,0,2},{3,1,128},{3,2,0},{3,0,1},{3,1,10},{3,2,1},{3,0,2},{3,1,128},{3,2,1},{3,3,0},
+ {9,0,0},{9,1,10},{9,2,1},{9,0,2},{9,1,128},{9,2,0},{9,0,1},{9,1,10},{9,2,0},{9,0,2},{9,1,128},{9,2,1},{9,3,0}};
+ assert(events==expected_release&&cursor==8);
+ assert(released.pulldown_high==(1ull<<9)&&released.pullup_high==(1ull<<3));
+ assert(released.pulldown_release_high==0&&released.pullup_release_high==mask&&released.release_sampled);
+ assert(classify_pin_pull(released,3)==pull_class_t::floating);
+ assert(classify_pin_pull(released,9)==pull_class_t::conflict);
+ events.clear();cursor=0;probe_pin_pulls(ctx,0,128);assert(events.empty()&&cursor==0);
+}
+`,"per-pin release probe sequence");
+});
+
+test("production DualKey rejects weak pulls with the shared release delay and preserves OPI exclusion", async () => {
+ const source=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"m5/esp32s3/families.inl"),"utf8");
+ const header=await fs.readFile(path.join(src,"board_detect.hpp"),"utf8");
+ const constant=header.match(/static constexpr std::uint32_t pull_release_us = \d+;/)[0];
+ const signature=body(source.slice(source.indexOf('class dualkey_detector_t')),'bool signature(');
+ const fixture=`
+#include "board_detect/detect_class.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <initializer_list>
+using namespace m5gfx::board_detect;
+${constant}
+struct {int def=1;} desc_dualkey;
+struct probe_ctx_t {const int* candidate=nullptr;};
+pin_pull_result_t socket;int probes;bool pressed;
+pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t&,std::uint64_t mask,std::uint32_t release=0){++probes;
+ if(mask==((1ull<<38)|(1ull<<39))){assert(release==128);return socket;}
+ assert(release==0&&(mask==(1ull<<21)||mask==(1ull<<17)));
+ pin_pull_result_t r;r.pulldown_high=(mask==(1ull<<17)&&pressed)?0:mask;return r;}
+bool signature_member(probe_ctx_t& ctx) ${signature}
+int main(){
+#ifdef CONFIG_SPIRAM_MODE_OCT
+ probe_ctx_t ctx;assert(!signature_member(ctx)&&probes==0&&ctx.candidate==nullptr);
+#else
+ for(unsigned a=0;a<16;++a)for(unsigned b=0;b<16;++b)for(bool key:{false,true}){
+ socket={};socket.release_sampled=true;for(int pin:{38,39}){const unsigned sample=pin==38?a:b;const auto bit=1ull<<pin;
+ if(sample&1)socket.pulldown_high|=bit;if(sample&2)socket.pullup_high|=bit;
+ if(sample&4)socket.pulldown_release_high|=bit;if(sample&8)socket.pullup_release_high|=bit;}
+ probes=0;pressed=key;probe_ctx_t ctx;const bool floating=a==10&&b==10;
+ assert(signature_member(ctx)==(floating&&!key));assert(probes==(floating?3:2));
+ assert((ctx.candidate!=nullptr)==(floating&&key));
+ }
+#endif
+}
+`;
+ await compileRun(fixture,"DualKey release classification");
+ await compileRun("#define CONFIG_SPIRAM_MODE_OCT 1\n"+fixture,"DualKey OPI exclusion");
+});
diff --git a/src/M5GFX.cpp b/src/M5GFX.cpp
index d3a1db03..20e34097 100644
--- a/src/M5GFX.cpp
+++ b/src/M5GFX.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 
 #if !defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C61) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2)
 #include "board_detect/board_detect.inl"
+#include "board_detect/detect_session.hpp"
 #if !defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
 #include "board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl"
 #elif defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
@@ -789,24 +790,203 @@ namespace m5gfx
   }
 #endif
 
+  struct detection_package_t
+  {
+    const board_detect::board_detector_t* const* detectors = nullptr;
+    bool conditional_pins_unavailable = false;
+    bool direct_setup = false;
+  };
+
+  __attribute__((always_inline)) static inline detection_package_t select_detection_package(bool legacy_autodetect = false)
+  {
+    detection_package_t package;
+    (void)legacy_autodetect;
+    // Selection does not probe or configure any GPIO.
+#if !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
+    package.direct_setup = true;
+    // The protected legacy autodetect method never probed ESP32 directly.
+    if (legacy_autodetect) { return package; }
+    const auto pkg = m5gfx::get_pkg_ver();
+    if (pkg == EFUSE_RD_CHIP_VER_PKG_ESP32D0WDQ6)
+    { package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32_d0wdq6_detectors; }
+    else if (pkg == EFUSE_RD_CHIP_VER_PKG_ESP32PICOD4)
+    { package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32_pico_d4_detectors; }
+    else if (pkg == 6)
+    { package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32_picov3_detectors; }
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
+    package.conditional_pins_unavailable = conditional_detection_pins_unavailable();
+    switch (m5gfx::get_pkg_ver())
+    {
+    case 0: package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_qfn56; break;
+    case 1: package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_lga56; break;
+    default: break;
+    }
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
+    package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32c3_detectors;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5)
+    package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32c5_detectors;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6)
+    const auto pkg = m5gfx::get_pkg_ver();
+    ESP_LOGD(LIBRARY_NAME, "pkg_ver : %02x", (int)pkg);
+    if (pkg == 1) { package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn32; }
+    else if (pkg == 0)
+    {
+      package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn40;
+    }
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C61)
+    package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32c61_detectors;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2)
+    package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32h2_detectors;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4)
+    const auto pkg = m5gfx::get_pkg_ver();
+    ESP_LOGD(LIBRARY_NAME, "pkg_ver : %02x", (int)pkg);
+    if (pkg == 0) { package.detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32p4_detectors; }
+#endif
+    return package;
+  }
+
+  static const board_detect::m5::board_entry_t* select_fixed_board(board_t board)
+  {
+    using namespace board_detect::m5;
+#if !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
+    const auto& boards = esp32_d0wdq6_boards;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
+    const auto& boards = esp32s3_boards;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
+    const auto& boards = esp32c3_boards;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5)
+    const auto& boards = esp32c5_boards;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6)
+    const auto& boards = esp32c6_boards;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C61)
+    const auto& boards = esp32c61_boards;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2)
+    const auto& boards = esp32h2_boards;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4)
+    const auto& boards = esp32p4_boards;
+#endif
+    const auto id = static_cast<board_detect::board_id_t>(board);
+    return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(board) == id ? find_board(boards, id) : nullptr;
+  }
+
+  static bool reject_detected_setup(board_t setup_board)
+  {
+    (void)setup_board;
+#if (!defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_STICKCPLUS_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5StickCPlus) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_STOPWATCH_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5StopWatch
+    || setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperMono) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CHAINCAPTAIN_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5ChainCaptain) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_PAPERCOLOR_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperColor) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_PAPERS3_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperS3) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_PAPERDIY_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperDIY) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CARDPUTER_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5Cardputer
+    || setup_board == board_t::board_M5CardputerADV
+    || setup_board == board_t::board_M5VAMeter) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_AIRQ_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5AirQ) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_STAMPLC_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5StamPLC) { return true; }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_COREP4X_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5CoreP4X)
+    {
+    return true;
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_TAB5_SETUP)
+    if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5Tab5
+    || setup_board == board_t::board_M5Tab5X)
+    {
+    return true;
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_TOUGHC5_SETUP)
+
+    return true;
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C61) && defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_COREMATRIX_SETUP)
+
+    return true;
+#endif
+    return false;
+  }
+
+
+  template <class SetupDetected>
+  static board_detect::detect_outcome_t finish_detection_setup(
+    board_detect::board_result_t& result, board_detect::detect_outcome_t outcome,
+    board_detect::detection_transaction_t& transaction,
+    board_t setup_board, SetupDetected setup)
+  {
+    board_detect::m5::display_parts_t parts;
+    const auto construct_result = board_detect::m5::setup_detected_board(result, &parts);
+    if (construct_result == board_detect::m5::construct_status_t::failed)
+    {
+      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] setup failed for detected board:%u",
+               static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+      outcome.result = result;
+      outcome.reason = board_detect::fail_reason_t::construct_failed;
+      transaction.rollback();
+      return outcome;
+    }
+    if (construct_result == board_detect::m5::construct_status_t::no_display)
+    {
+      ESP_LOGI(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] display is unavailable for detected board:%u",
+               static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+      transaction.restore_start(result.desc->hold_high_pins.data,
+                                result.desc->hold_high_pins.size);
+    }
+    if (!setup(parts, setup_board))
+    {
+      // A rejecting adopter must not retain any of these raw pointers. Release
+      // the bus before rollback restores its GPIO routing, then destroy every
+      // constructed part so repeated failure injection cannot leak them.
+      board_detect::m5::destroy_display_parts(&parts);
+      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] setup failed for detected board:%u",
+               static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+      outcome.result = result;
+      outcome.reason = board_detect::fail_reason_t::adopt_failed;
+      transaction.rollback();
+      return outcome;
+    }
+    transaction.commit();
+    outcome.result = result;
+    outcome.setup_succeeded = true;
+    const auto log = board_detect::m5::success_log(result);
+    if (log.name != nullptr && log.name[0] != '\0')
+    { ESP_LOGI(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] %s%s", log.name, log.annotation); }
+    return outcome;
+  }
+
   template <class SetupDetected>
-  static bool try_setup_detected(const board_detect::board_detector_t* const* detectors,
-                                 board_t hint, bool allow_reset, bool final_attempt,
-                                 board_t* detected_board, SetupDetected setup,
-                                 bool* detector_matched = nullptr,
-                                 board_t* setup_board = nullptr,
-                                 bool* transient_fallback = nullptr,
-                                 bool* no_signature = nullptr,
-                                 board_t* candidate_board = nullptr)
+  static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_detection_attempt(
+    const board_detect::board_detector_t* const* detectors,
+    const board_detect::detect_request_t& request, bool final_attempt,
+    SetupDetected setup)
   {
-    if (detector_matched != nullptr) { *detector_matched = false; }
-    if (no_signature != nullptr) { *no_signature = false; }
+    board_detect::detect_outcome_t outcome;
+    if (detectors == nullptr) { return outcome; }
 #if !defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C61) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2)
     board_detect::detection_transaction_t transaction(
       board_detect::pins(board_detect::m5::wiring::detection::unconditional_pins),
       board_detect::no_pins(), false);
 #else
-    const bool conditional_pins_unavailable = conditional_detection_pins_unavailable();
+    const bool conditional_pins_unavailable = request.conditional_pins_unavailable;
     board_detect::detection_transaction_t transaction(
       board_detect::pins(board_detect::m5::wiring::detection::unconditional_pins),
       board_detect::pins(board_detect::m5::wiring::detection::opi_pins),
@@ -815,23 +995,16 @@ namespace m5gfx
     if (!transaction.valid())
     {
       ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] detection transaction could not capture GPIO state");
-      return false;
+      return outcome;
     }
     board_detect::probe_ctx_t probe;
-    probe.allow_reset = allow_reset;
+    probe.allow_reset = request.allow_reset;
+    probe.preferred = request.preferred;
+    probe.attempt = request.attempt;
     probe.final_attempt = final_attempt;
     probe.i2c_port_probe = probe_i2c_port;
     probe.transaction = &transaction;
-#if !defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_STATION_TO_CORE2)
-    // Test-only: after the forced Station miss and Core2 match, convert the
-    // result to excluded so the retained success-state GPIOs are rolled back.
-    static const board_detect::board_id_t enabled_ids[] = {
-      board_detect::board_id_unknown,
-    };
-    probe.enabled_ids = enabled_ids;
-#endif
-#endif
+    probe.enabled_ids = request.target_set;
 #if defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
     probe.conditional_pins_unavailable = conditional_pins_unavailable;
 #if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_EXCLUDE_ATOMS3)
@@ -846,79 +1019,157 @@ namespace m5gfx
 #endif
 #endif
     auto result = board_detect::detect_board(
-      detectors, static_cast<board_detect::board_id_t>(hint), probe);
-    if (no_signature != nullptr) { *no_signature = !probe.confirm_attempted; }
-    if (candidate_board != nullptr && *candidate_board == board_t::board_unknown
-     && result.candidate != nullptr)
-    { *candidate_board = static_cast<board_t>(result.candidate->id); }
+      detectors, request.hint, probe);
+    outcome.result = result;
+    if (!probe.confirm_attempted) { outcome.reason = board_detect::fail_reason_t::no_signature; }
+    if (result.candidate != nullptr)
+    { outcome.verdict = board_detect::verdict_t::candidate; outcome.candidate_kind = board_detect::candidate_kind_t::weak; }
     if (result.status == board_detect::detect_status_t::excluded)
     {
       ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] detected board:%u is excluded",
                static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+      outcome.reason = board_detect::fail_reason_t::excluded_by_set;
       transaction.rollback();
-      return false;
+      return outcome;
     }
     if (result.status != board_detect::detect_status_t::matched)
     {
       transaction.rollback();
-      return false;
+      return outcome;
     }
-    if (detector_matched != nullptr) { *detector_matched = true; }
-    // This is assigned before prepare/refine; for a family with a refine hook it
-    // is the representative family ID, not necessarily the final member ID.
-    if (setup_board != nullptr) { *setup_board = static_cast<board_t>(result.def->id); }
+    // Failure injection historically sees the representative before refine.
+    const auto setup_board = static_cast<board_t>(result.def->id);
 
     const board_detect::prepare_ctx_t& prepare_ctx = probe;
     const int adopted_i2c_port = result.desc->internal_i2c.hw_port;
     const bool adopted_i2c_was_open = adopted_i2c_port >= 0
                                    && lgfx::i2c::isInitialized(adopted_i2c_port);
-    if (result.desc == nullptr || !board_detect::prepare(*result.desc, result, prepare_ctx))
-    {
-      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] prepare failed for detected board:%u",
-               static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
-      transaction.rollback();
-      return false;
-    }
+    const bool prepared = result.desc != nullptr
+                       && board_detect::prepare(*result.desc, result, prepare_ctx);
     if (adopted_i2c_port >= 0 && !adopted_i2c_was_open
      && lgfx::i2c::isInitialized(adopted_i2c_port))
     {
       transaction.buses().opened_i2c(adopted_i2c_port);
     }
-    board_detect::m5::display_parts_t parts;
-    const auto construct_result = board_detect::m5::setup_detected_board(result, &parts);
-    if (construct_result == board_detect::m5::construct_status_t::failed)
+    outcome.result = result;
+    const bool accepted = board_detect::finalize_prepared_result(outcome, request.preferred);
+    if (!prepared)
     {
-      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] setup failed for detected board:%u",
+      // Preserve the matched family's identification; adoption still failed.
+      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] prepare failed for detected board:%u",
                static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+      outcome.reason = board_detect::fail_reason_t::prepare_failed;
       transaction.rollback();
-      return false;
+      return outcome;
     }
-    if (construct_result == board_detect::m5::construct_status_t::no_display)
+    if (!accepted)
     {
-      ESP_LOGI(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] display is unavailable for detected board:%u",
-               static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
-      transaction.restore_start(result.desc->hold_high_pins.data,
-                                result.desc->hold_high_pins.size);
+      transaction.rollback();
+      return outcome;
     }
-    if (!setup(parts))
+    return finish_detection_setup(result, outcome, transaction, setup_board, setup);
+  }
+
+  // Fixed startup honors constructor/adopter hooks and observe_* injections (CORES3_FORCE_VBUS), but bypasses detector-only hooks.
+  template <class SetupDetected>
+  static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_fixed_detection(
+    const board_detect::m5::board_entry_t& entry, bool allow_reset, SetupDetected setup)
+  {
+    using namespace board_detect;
+    detect_outcome_t outcome;
+    const auto& desc = *entry.desc;
+    if (!startup_detail::description_valid(desc))
     {
-      // A rejecting adopter must not retain any of these raw pointers. Release
-      // the bus before rollback restores its GPIO routing, then destroy every
-      // constructed part so repeated failure injection cannot leak them.
-      board_detect::m5::destroy_display_parts(&parts);
-      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] setup failed for detected board:%u",
-               static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "Fixed board:%u has an invalid startup description", unsigned(desc.def.id));
+      return outcome;
+    }
+    std::int8_t owned[max_detection_pins];
+    std::size_t count = 0;
+    bool complete = true;
+    const auto add_pin = [&](int pin)
+    {
+      if (pin < 0) { return; }
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { if (owned[i] == pin) { return; } }
+      if (count == max_detection_pins) { complete = false; return; }
+      owned[count++] = static_cast<std::int8_t>(pin);
+    };
+    add_pin(desc.power.hold_pin); add_pin(desc.reset.pin);
+    add_pin(desc.display.sclk); add_pin(desc.display.mosi); add_pin(desc.display.miso);
+    add_pin(desc.display.dc); add_pin(desc.display.cs); add_pin(desc.display.rst);
+    add_pin(desc.display.busy);
+    add_pin(desc.sd.sclk); add_pin(desc.sd.mosi); add_pin(desc.sd.miso);
+    add_pin(desc.sd.sd_cs); add_pin(desc.sd.other_cs);
+    add_pin(desc.internal_i2c.sda); add_pin(desc.internal_i2c.scl);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < desc.hold_high_pins.size; ++i) { add_pin(desc.hold_high_pins.data[i]); }
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < desc.op_gpio_pins.size; ++i) { add_pin(desc.op_gpio_pins.data[i]); }
+    if (!complete)
+    {
+      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "Fixed board:%u exceeds the startup pin limit", unsigned(desc.def.id));
+      return outcome;
+    }
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
+    if (conditional_detection_pins_unavailable())
+    {
+      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+      {
+        for (const auto reserved : m5::wiring::detection::opi_pins)
+        {
+          if (owned[i] == reserved)
+          {
+            // Acceptance is chip-based; active memory ownership can prevent startup.
+            ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "Fixed board:%u needs active OPI PSRAM pin:%d",
+                     unsigned(desc.def.id), int(reserved));
+            return outcome;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+    detection_transaction_t transaction({ owned, static_cast<std::uint8_t>(count) }, no_pins(), false);
+    if (!transaction.valid())
+    {
+      ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "Fixed board:%u could not capture startup GPIO state", unsigned(desc.def.id));
+      return outcome;
+    }
+    // Fixed startup must not inherit a detected member's state or refinement.
+    board_result_t result{};
+    result.assign(&desc);
+    prepare_ctx_t ctx;
+    ctx.allow_reset = allow_reset;
+    ctx.i2c_port_probe = probe_i2c_port;
+    ctx.transaction = &transaction;
+    const int port = desc.internal_i2c.hw_port;
+    const bool was_open = port >= 0 && lgfx::i2c::isInitialized(port);
+    const bool started = entry.fixed_start ? entry.fixed_start(result, ctx)
+                                          : prepare(desc, result, ctx);
+    if (port >= 0 && !was_open && lgfx::i2c::isInitialized(port))
+    { transaction.buses().opened_i2c(port); }
+    outcome.result = result;
+    outcome.verdict = verdict_t::confirmed;
+    outcome.attempts = 1;
+    if (!started)
+    {
+      outcome.reason = fail_reason_t::prepare_failed;
       transaction.rollback();
-      return false;
+      return outcome;
     }
-    transaction.commit();
-    *detected_board = static_cast<board_t>(result.def->id);
-    if (transient_fallback != nullptr)
-    { *transient_fallback = result.transient_fallback; }
-    const auto log = board_detect::m5::success_log(result);
-    if (log.name != nullptr && log.name[0] != '\0')
-    { ESP_LOGI(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] %s%s", log.name, log.annotation); }
-    return true;
+    return finish_detection_setup(result, outcome, transaction,
+                                  static_cast<board_t>(desc.def.id), setup);
+  }
+
+  template <class SetupDetected>
+  static board_detect::detect_outcome_t run_fixed_detection_session(
+    const board_detect::m5::board_entry_t& entry, bool allow_reset, SetupDetected setup)
+  {
+    board_detect::detect_outcome_t outcome;
+    for (std::uint8_t attempt = 0; attempt < 5; ++attempt)
+    {
+      if (attempt == 3) { allow_reset = true; }
+      outcome = run_fixed_detection(entry, allow_reset, setup);
+      outcome.attempts = attempt + 1;
+      if (outcome.setup_succeeded) { return outcome; }
+    }
+    return outcome;
   }
 
   bool M5GFX::_adopt_detected_parts(lgfx::IBus* bus, lgfx::Panel_Device* panel_part,
@@ -934,6 +1185,19 @@ namespace m5gfx
   }
 #endif
 
+  void M5GFX::setDetectConfig(const detect_config_t& config)
+  {
+    const bool changed = _detect_config.fallback_board != config.fallback_board
+                      || _detect_config.fixed_board != config.fixed_board;
+    _detect_config = config;
+#if defined (ESP_PLATFORM)
+    if (_detect_started && changed)
+    { ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] configuration stored after init; applies to the next detection"); }
+#else
+    (void)changed;
+#endif
+  }
+
   void M5GFX::_set_backlight(lgfx::ILight* bl)
   {
 //  if (_light_last) { delete _light_last; }
@@ -956,12 +1220,36 @@ namespace m5gfx
 
   bool M5GFX::init_impl(bool use_reset, bool use_clear)
   {
+    _detect_started = true;
     _board_candidate = board_t::board_unknown;
     if (getBoard() != board_t::board_unknown)
     {
       return true;
     }
 
+    _fixed_board = board_t::board_unknown;
+    if (_detect_config.fixed_board != board_t::board_unknown)
+    {
+      const auto* entry = select_fixed_board(_detect_config.fixed_board);
+      if (entry == nullptr)
+      {
+        ESP_LOGW(LIBRARY_NAME, "Fixed board:%u is not supported by this chip",
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(_detect_config.fixed_board));
+        return false;
+      }
+      // Acceptance is independent of display construction; a failed init may retry.
+      _fixed_board = _detect_config.fixed_board;
+      const auto outcome = run_fixed_detection_session(*entry, use_reset,
+        [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts, board_t setup_board)
+        {
+          return !reject_detected_setup(setup_board)
+              && _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel, parts.light, parts.touch);
+        });
+      if (!outcome.setup_succeeded) { return false; }
+      _board = _fixed_board;
+      return _finish_detected_init(use_clear);
+    }
+
     static constexpr char NVS_KEY[] = "AUTODETECT";
     std::uint32_t nvs_board = 0;
     std::uint32_t nvs_handle = 0;
@@ -1014,68 +1302,36 @@ namespace m5gfx
 #endif
     }
 
-    auto board = (board_t)nvs_board;
-
-#if !defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
-    const auto esp32_pkg_ver = m5gfx::get_pkg_ver();
-    const board_detect::board_detector_t* const* esp32_detectors = nullptr;
-    if (esp32_pkg_ver == EFUSE_RD_CHIP_VER_PKG_ESP32D0WDQ6)
-    { esp32_detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32_d0wdq6_detectors; }
-    else if (esp32_pkg_ver == EFUSE_RD_CHIP_VER_PKG_ESP32PICOD4)
-    { esp32_detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32_pico_d4_detectors; }
-    else if (esp32_pkg_ver == 6) // EFUSE_RD_CHIP_VER_PKG_ESP32PICOV3_02
-    { esp32_detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32_picov3_detectors; }
-#endif
-
-    bool transient_fallback = false;
-    int retry = 4;
-    do
-    {
-      bool no_signature = false;
-#if !defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) || defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
-      // Match the other chip paths: after repeated no-reset attempts, the
-      // ESP32 detector must see the promoted reset permission too.
-      if (retry == 1) { use_reset = true; }
-      if (esp32_detectors != nullptr)
+    board_detect::detect_request_t request;
+    request.hint = nvs_board <= UINT16_MAX
+                 ? static_cast<board_detect::board_id_t>(nvs_board) : board_detect::board_id_unknown;
+    request.preferred = static_cast<board_detect::board_id_t>(_detect_config.fallback_board);
+    request.allow_reset = use_reset;
+    request.max_attempts = 5;
+    auto package = select_detection_package();
+    request.conditional_pins_unavailable = package.conditional_pins_unavailable;
+    const auto outcome = board_detect::run_detection_session(
+      request,
+      [this, &package](const board_detect::detect_request_t& attempt, bool final_attempt)
       {
-        bool detector_matched;
-        board_t setup_board = board_t::board_unknown;
-        if (try_setup_detected(esp32_detectors,
-                               static_cast<board_t>(nvs_board), use_reset,
-                               retry == 0, &board,
-                               [this, &setup_board](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                               {
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_STICKCPLUS_SETUP)
-                                 if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5StickCPlus) { return false; }
-#endif
-                                 return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                              parts.light, parts.touch);
-                               }, &detector_matched, &setup_board, &transient_fallback,
-                               &no_signature, &_board_candidate))
+        if (!package.direct_setup) { panel(nullptr); }
+        auto result = run_detection_attempt(package.detectors, attempt, final_attempt,
+          [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts, board_t setup_board)
+          {
+            return !reject_detected_setup(setup_board)
+                && _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel, parts.light, parts.touch);
+          });
+        if (!package.direct_setup || !result.setup_succeeded)
         {
-          break;
+          if (package.direct_setup) { panel(nullptr); }
+          panel(_panel_last.get());
         }
-        if (detector_matched)
-        {
-          board = board_t::board_unknown;
-          continue;
-        }
-      }
-#endif
-#if defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET) && !defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
-      if (retry == 1) use_reset = true;
-#endif
-      board = autodetect(use_reset, board, retry == 0, &transient_fallback,
-                         &no_signature, &_board_candidate);
-      // Only a positive signature that entered confirm and failed can justify
-      // another attempt. A candidate alone does not retry or become NVS state.
-      if (board == board_t::board_unknown && no_signature)
-      {
-        transient_fallback = true;
-        break;
-      }
-      //ESP_LOGD(LIBRARY_NAME,"autodetect board:%d", (int)board);
-    } while (board_t::board_unknown == board && --retry >= 0);
+        return result;
+      });
+    const auto board = outcome.setup_succeeded
+                     ? static_cast<board_t>(outcome.result.def->id) : board_t::board_unknown;
+    if (outcome.result.candidate != nullptr)
+    { _board_candidate = static_cast<board_t>(outcome.result.candidate->id); }
     _board = board;
     if (board != board_t::board_unknown) { _board_candidate = board_t::board_unknown; }
 
@@ -1088,7 +1344,8 @@ namespace m5gfx
 
 #endif
 
-    if (!transient_fallback && nvs_board != board) {
+    // Unresolved members and failed adoption must never replace a saved hint.
+    if (board_detect::should_persist_detection(outcome, nvs_board)) {
       if (0 == nvs_open(LIBRARY_NAME, NVS_READWRITE, &nvs_handle)) {
         ESP_LOGI(LIBRARY_NAME, "[Autodetect] save to NVS : board:%d", (int)board);
         nvs_set_u32(nvs_handle, NVS_KEY, board);
@@ -1096,6 +1353,11 @@ namespace m5gfx
       }
     }
 
+    return _finish_detected_init(use_clear);
+  }
+
+  bool M5GFX::_finish_detected_init(bool use_clear)
+  {
     // The new path performs every permitted reset in prepare(). Construction
     // and panel initialisation never pulse reset a second time.
     if (false == LGFX_Device::init_impl(false, use_clear)) {
@@ -1103,7 +1365,7 @@ namespace m5gfx
     }
 
 #if defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
-    switch (board) {
+    switch (_board) {
     default:
       break;
 
@@ -1129,213 +1391,40 @@ namespace m5gfx
                             bool* no_signature, board_t* candidate_board)
   {
     panel(nullptr);
-
-#if defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
-
-    const board_detect::board_detector_t* const* detectors = nullptr;
-    switch (m5gfx::get_pkg_ver())
-    {
-    case 0: detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_qfn56; break;
-    case 1: detectors = board_detect::m5::esp32s3_detectors_lga56; break;
-    default: break;
-    }
-    if (detectors != nullptr)
-    {
-      board_t setup_board = board_t::board_unknown;
-      // A hint tries its family first, then the remaining families in package
-      // order, within one GPIO transaction.
-      if (try_setup_detected(detectors, board, use_reset, final_attempt, &board,
-                             [this, &setup_board](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                             {
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_STOPWATCH_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5StopWatch
-                                || setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperMono) { return false; }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CHAINCAPTAIN_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5ChainCaptain) { return false; }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_PAPERCOLOR_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperColor) { return false; }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_PAPERS3_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperS3) { return false; }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_PAPERDIY_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5PaperDIY) { return false; }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CARDPUTER_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5Cardputer
-                                || setup_board == board_t::board_M5CardputerADV
-                                || setup_board == board_t::board_M5VAMeter) { return false; }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_AIRQ_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5AirQ) { return false; }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_STAMPLC_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5StamPLC) { return false; }
-#endif
-                               return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                            parts.light, parts.touch);
-                             }, nullptr, &setup_board, transient_fallback,
-                             no_signature, candidate_board))
-      {
-        goto init_clear;
-      }
-    }
-
-#elif defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4)
-
-    std::uint32_t pkg_ver = m5gfx::get_pkg_ver();
-    ESP_LOGD(LIBRARY_NAME, "pkg_ver : %02x", (int)pkg_ver);
-
-    if (pkg_ver == 0) // pkg_ver == EFUSE_RD_CHIP_VER_PKG_
-    {
-      board_t setup_board = board_t::board_unknown;
-      if (try_setup_detected(board_detect::m5::esp32p4_detectors,
-                             board, use_reset, final_attempt, &board,
-                             [this, &setup_board](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                             {
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_COREP4X_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5CoreP4X)
-                               {
-                                 (void)parts;
-                                 return false;
-                               }
-#endif
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_TAB5_SETUP)
-                               if (setup_board == board_t::board_M5Tab5
-                                || setup_board == board_t::board_M5Tab5X)
-                               {
-                                 (void)parts;
-                                 return false;
-                               }
-#endif
-                               return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                            parts.light, parts.touch);
-                             }, nullptr, &setup_board, transient_fallback, no_signature,
-                             candidate_board))
-      {
-        goto init_clear;
-      }
-
-    }
-
-#elif defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6)
-
-    std::uint32_t pkg_ver = m5gfx::get_pkg_ver();
-    ESP_LOGD(LIBRARY_NAME, "pkg_ver : %02x", (int)pkg_ver);
-
-    if (pkg_ver == 1)
-    { // QFN32: eFuse first (StampC6), then the NanoC6 internal IR LED.
-      if (try_setup_detected(board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn32,
-                             board, use_reset, final_attempt, &board,
-                             [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                             { return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                            parts.light, parts.touch); },
-                             nullptr, nullptr, transient_fallback, no_signature,
-                             candidate_board))
-      { goto init_clear; }
-    } else
-    if (pkg_ver == 0)
-    { // ESP32C6(QFN40) : NessoN1, UnitC6L
-      if (board == 0 || board == board_t::board_ArduinoNessoN1 || board == board_t::board_M5UnitC6L)
-      {
-        if (try_setup_detected(board_detect::m5::esp32c6_detectors_qfn40,
-                               board, use_reset, final_attempt, &board,
-                               [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                               {
-                                 return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                              parts.light, parts.touch);
-                               }, nullptr, nullptr, transient_fallback,
-                               no_signature))
-        {
-          goto init_clear;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-#elif defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
-
-    if (board == 0 || board == board_t::board_M5StampC3
-                   || board == board_t::board_M5StampC3U)
-    {
-      if (try_setup_detected(board_detect::m5::esp32c3_detectors,
-                             board, use_reset, final_attempt, &board,
-                             [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                             { return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                            parts.light, parts.touch); },
-                             nullptr, nullptr, transient_fallback, no_signature,
-                             candidate_board))
-      { goto init_clear; }
-    }
-
-#elif defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5)
-
-    if (board == 0 || board == board_t::board_M5ToughC5
-                   || board == board_t::board_M5StampC5)
-    {
-      if (try_setup_detected(board_detect::m5::esp32c5_detectors,
-                             board, use_reset, false, &board,
-                             [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                             {
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_TOUGHC5_SETUP)
-                               (void)parts;
-                               return false;
-#else
-                               return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                            parts.light, parts.touch);
-#endif
-                             }, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, no_signature))
-      {
-        goto init_clear;
-      }
-
-    }
-
-#elif defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C61)
-
-    if (board == 0 || board == board_t::board_M5CoreMatrix)
-    {
-      if (try_setup_detected(board_detect::m5::esp32c61_detectors,
-                             board, use_reset, false, &board,
-                             [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                             {
-#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_COREMATRIX_SETUP)
-                               (void)parts;
-                               return false;
-#else
-                               return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                            parts.light, parts.touch);
-#endif
-                             }, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, no_signature))
+    const auto package = select_detection_package(true);
+    board_detect::detect_request_t request;
+    request.hint = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(board) <= UINT16_MAX
+                 ? static_cast<board_detect::board_id_t>(board) : board_detect::board_id_unknown;
+    request.preferred = static_cast<board_detect::board_id_t>(_detect_config.fallback_board);
+    request.allow_reset = use_reset;
+    request.conditional_pins_unavailable = package.conditional_pins_unavailable;
+    const auto outcome = board_detect::run_detection_session(request,
+      [this, &package, final_attempt](const board_detect::detect_request_t& attempt, bool)
       {
-        goto init_clear;
-      }
-    }
-
-#elif defined (CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2)
-    if (try_setup_detected(board_detect::m5::esp32h2_detectors,
-                           board, use_reset, final_attempt, &board,
-                           [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts)
-                           { return _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel,
-                                                          parts.light, parts.touch); },
-                           nullptr, nullptr, transient_fallback, no_signature))
-    { goto init_clear; }
-#endif
-
-    board = board_t::board_unknown;
-    goto init_clear;
-init_clear:
-
+        return run_detection_attempt(package.detectors, attempt, final_attempt,
+          [this](board_detect::m5::display_parts_t& parts, board_t setup_board)
+          {
+            return !reject_detected_setup(setup_board)
+                && _adopt_detected_parts(parts.bus, parts.panel, parts.light, parts.touch);
+          });
+      });
+    if (no_signature != nullptr)
+    { *no_signature = outcome.reason == board_detect::fail_reason_t::no_signature; }
+    if (candidate_board != nullptr && *candidate_board == board_t::board_unknown
+     && outcome.result.candidate != nullptr)
+    { *candidate_board = static_cast<board_t>(outcome.result.candidate->id); }
+    if (outcome.setup_succeeded && transient_fallback != nullptr)
+    { *transient_fallback = outcome.result.provisional; }
     panel(_panel_last.get());
-
-    return board;
+    return outcome.setup_succeeded ? static_cast<board_t>(outcome.result.def->id)
+                                   : board_t::board_unknown;
   }
 
 #else
 
   bool M5GFX::init_impl(bool use_reset, bool use_clear)
   {
+    _detect_started = true;
     board_t b = board_t::board_unknown;
 #if defined (M5GFX_BOARD)
     b = M5GFX_BOARD;
diff --git a/src/M5GFX.h b/src/M5GFX.h
index 447a2077..0b2b6b7f 100644
--- a/src/M5GFX.h
+++ b/src/M5GFX.h
@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@
 namespace m5gfx
 {
   using namespace lgfx;
+
+  struct detect_config_t
+  {
+    board_t fallback_board = board_t::board_unknown;
+    board_t fixed_board = board_t::board_unknown;
+  };
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
   namespace ili9341_colors  // Color definitions for backwards compatibility with old sketches
@@ -193,8 +199,12 @@ namespace m5gfx
 #endif
     std::vector<DisplayState> _displayStateStack;
     board_t _board_candidate = board_t::board_unknown;
+    detect_config_t _detect_config;
+    bool _detect_started = false;
+    board_t _fixed_board = board_t::board_unknown;
 
     bool init_impl(bool use_reset, bool use_clear) override;
+    bool _finish_detected_init(bool use_clear);
     board_t autodetect(bool use_reset = false, board_t board = board_t::board_unknown,
                        bool final_attempt = false, bool* transient_fallback = nullptr,
                        bool* no_signature = nullptr,
@@ -211,6 +221,9 @@ namespace m5gfx
 
     static M5GFX* getInstance(void) { return _instance; }
     board_t getBoardCandidate(void) const { return _board_candidate; }
+    board_t getFixedBoard(void) const { return _fixed_board; }
+    void setDetectConfig(const detect_config_t& config);
+    const detect_config_t& getDetectConfig(void) const { return _detect_config; }
 
     void progressBar(int x, int y, int w, int h, uint8_t val);
     void pushState(void);
diff --git a/src/board_detect/board_detect.hpp b/src/board_detect/board_detect.hpp
index 4f46c8bb..1ce98b22 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/board_detect.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/board_detect.hpp
@@ -9,93 +9,20 @@
 #include "../lgfx/v1/platforms/esp32/common.hpp"
 #include "dedicated_release_probe.hpp"
 #include "ops.hpp"
+#include "detect_types.hpp"
 #include "detect_class.hpp"
 
 namespace m5gfx
 {
 namespace board_detect
 {
-  using board_id_t = std::uint16_t;
-  static constexpr board_id_t board_id_unknown = 0;
-
-  enum board_def_flag_t : std::uint8_t
-  {
-    // A board with no positive signature. Such members cannot promote their
-    // detector through an NVS hint; a detector may expose them as candidates.
-    def_flag_fallback = 1 << 0,
-  };
-
-  struct board_def_t
-  {
-    board_id_t id;
-    const char* name;
-    std::uint8_t flags;
-  };
-
-#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
-  inline const board_def_t board_def_unknown = { board_id_unknown, "unknown", 0 };
-#else
-  // Arduino-ESP32 2.x still compiles as C++11. Internal linkage provides the
-  // same ODR safety there; C++17 and newer use the single inline definition.
-  static const board_def_t board_def_unknown = { board_id_unknown, "unknown", 0 };
-#endif
-
-  enum prepared_state_t : std::uint32_t
-  {
-    // Bits 0..15 are manufacturer-independent completed operations or probe
-    // side effects. Bits 16..31 are reserved for board-specific state.
-    prepared_power  = 1u << 0,
-    prepared_reset  = 1u << 1,
-    prepared_sd_spi = 1u << 2,
-    // The GPIO reset line has been driven inactive, but a reset pulse may not
-    // have been allowed. Keep this distinct from prepared_reset so a later
-    // reset-enabled prepare can still pulse the panel reset.
-    prepared_reset_line = 1u << 4,
-    // A confirmed family's post-power refinement has been resolved (run, or
-    // deliberately skipped after a failed retained power sequence).
-    prepared_refine = 1u << 5,
-    // The confirmed board was retained after its power operation list stopped.
-    prepared_power_failed = 1u << 6,
-  };
-
-  enum class detect_status_t : std::uint8_t
-  {
-    no_match,
-    matched,
-    excluded,
-  };
-
-  struct board_desc_t;
-  struct prepare_ctx_t;
-  class detection_transaction_t;
-  struct board_result_t;
-  using refine_fn_t = bool (*)(board_result_t&, const prepare_ctx_t&);
-
-  struct board_result_t
-  {
-    // A matched/direct result owns no description; this points at the static
-    // canonical description and def aliases &desc->def. Unknown results have
-    // desc == nullptr and retain board_def_unknown for compatibility.
-    const board_desc_t* desc = nullptr;
-    const board_def_t* def = &board_def_unknown;
-    std::uint32_t option = 0;
-    std::uint32_t prepared = 0;
-    // A final-attempt family default can show the display, but is not an NVS hint.
-    bool transient_fallback = false;
-    // A weak, displayless suggestion returned only when no board is confirmed.
-    const board_def_t* candidate = nullptr;
-    detect_status_t status = detect_status_t::no_match;
-    // Optional read-only member refinement after power preparation.
-    refine_fn_t refine = nullptr;
-
-    void assign(const board_desc_t* value);
-  };
-
   struct prepare_ctx_t
   {
     // A retry must not override the caller's reset policy.
     bool allow_reset = true;
     board_id_t hint = board_id_unknown;
+    board_id_t preferred = board_id_unknown;
+    std::uint8_t attempt = 0;
     bool final_attempt = false;
     int i2c_port_probe = -1;
     // Non-null while board-detection components are running.
@@ -312,6 +239,7 @@ namespace board_detect
     option_list_t option_names;
     // GPIOs that typed operation lists may access. This is intentionally
     // separate from hold_high_pins: an operation may restore a pin to input.
+    // Also includes construction pins captured during fixed startup, beyond power-operation GPIO permissions.
     pin_list_t op_gpio_pins;
   };
 
@@ -507,6 +435,9 @@ namespace board_detect
     detector_workspace_t detector_workspace;
     // True once any family entered confirm() in this detection pass.
     bool confirm_attempted = false;
+    // A chip ID has established this family. Stop later family probes in this
+    // attempt even if its member is unresolved; retry/session verdicts stay unchanged.
+    bool family_identified = false;
     // A signature may suggest one board without entering confirm(). The first
     // detector in probe order owns the candidate for this attempt.
     const board_def_t* candidate = nullptr;
@@ -561,10 +492,12 @@ namespace board_detect
   // its rail is powered, but must not be used as a board signature. U is high
   // in both masks, D in neither, F only in pullup_high, and X only in
   // pulldown_high. Every call measures the requested pins again.
-  pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t& ctx, std::uint64_t pin_mask);
-  // True only when a pin retains both internally biased levels after release.
-  // A rapid reversal indicates an external pull, so an NC assumption is false.
-  bool probe_pin_floating(probe_ctx_t& ctx, std::int8_t pin, std::uint32_t release_us);
+  static constexpr std::uint32_t pull_release_us = 128;
+  // Zero preserves the legacy pull-only sequence and timing.
+  // Release masks contain levels read without pulls after each bias; release_sampled
+  // marks those masks as measured only when release_us is nonzero.
+  pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t& ctx, std::uint64_t pin_mask,
+                                    std::uint32_t release_us = 0);
 
   // On an already high SCL, release a held SDA and resample the same pins.
   // Reuse the previous sample so successive candidate pairs do not probe twice.
diff --git a/src/board_detect/board_detect.inl b/src/board_detect/board_detect.inl
index 52b47f9d..1081f4a7 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/board_detect.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/board_detect.inl
@@ -127,18 +127,18 @@ namespace board_detect
   // that member remains possible. Defaults may be absent for open families.
   // Only some chips' detectors use it.
   __attribute__((unused))
-  static bool finish_unresolved(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx, board_result_t* result,
+  static bool select_provisional_member(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx, board_result_t* result,
+                                const board_desc_t* preferred_if_possible,
                                 const board_desc_t* hinted_if_possible,
-                                const board_desc_t* family_default,
-                                bool persist, const char* why)
+                                const board_desc_t* family_default, const char* why)
   {
     if (!ctx.final_attempt || result == nullptr) { return false; }
-    const auto* chosen = hinted_if_possible ? hinted_if_possible : family_default;
+    const auto* chosen = preferred_if_possible ? preferred_if_possible
+                       : hinted_if_possible ? hinted_if_possible : family_default;
     if (chosen == nullptr) { return false; }
     result->assign(chosen);
-    if (!persist) { result->transient_fallback = true; }
-    ESP_LOGW("board_detect_m5", "%s; using %s%s", why, chosen->def.name,
-             persist ? "" : " for this boot");
+    result->provisional = true;
+    ESP_LOGW("board_detect_m5", "%s; using %s for this boot", why, chosen->def.name);
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -423,6 +423,7 @@ namespace board_detect
   {
     board_result_t result;
     ctx.confirm_attempted = false;
+    ctx.family_identified = false;
     if (list == nullptr) { return result; }
     ctx.hint = hint;
 
@@ -481,12 +482,16 @@ namespace board_detect
       if (chosen == count) { break; } // Generated constraints must be acyclic.
       tried[chosen] = true;
       if (run_detector(list[chosen], ctx, &result)) { return result; }
+      if (ctx.family_identified) { break; }
       if (list[chosen] == hinted)
       {
         ESP_LOGD(tag, "hint=%u did not match its detector family", static_cast<unsigned>(hint));
       }
     }
     result.candidate = ctx.candidate;
+    if (ctx.candidate != nullptr)
+    { ESP_LOGD(tag, "weak candidate board=%u name=%s",
+               static_cast<unsigned>(ctx.candidate->id), ctx.candidate->name); }
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -670,10 +675,12 @@ namespace board_detect
     return success;
   }
 
-  pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t& ctx, std::uint64_t pin_mask)
+  pin_pull_result_t probe_pin_pulls(probe_ctx_t& ctx, std::uint64_t pin_mask,
+                                    std::uint32_t release_us)
   {
     static constexpr std::size_t max_pins = 64;
     pin_pull_result_t result;
+    result.release_sampled = release_us != 0;
     for (std::size_t pin = 0; pin < max_pins; ++pin)
     {
       const std::uint64_t bit = std::uint64_t(1) << pin;
@@ -683,33 +690,26 @@ namespace board_detect
       lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input_pulldown);
       lgfx::delayMicroseconds(10);
       if (lgfx::gpio_in(pin)) { result.pulldown_high |= bit; }
+      if (release_us != 0)
+      {
+        lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input);
+        lgfx::delayMicroseconds(release_us);
+        if (lgfx::gpio_in(pin)) { result.pulldown_release_high |= bit; }
+      }
       lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input_pullup);
       lgfx::delayMicroseconds(10);
       if (lgfx::gpio_in(pin)) { result.pullup_high |= bit; }
+      if (release_us != 0)
+      {
+        lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input);
+        lgfx::delayMicroseconds(release_us);
+        if (lgfx::gpio_in(pin)) { result.pullup_release_high |= bit; }
+      }
       ctx.transaction->restore_start(static_cast<std::int8_t>(pin));
     }
     return result;
   }
 
-  bool probe_pin_floating(probe_ctx_t& ctx, std::int8_t pin, std::uint32_t release_us)
-  {
-    lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input_pullup);
-    lgfx::delayMicroseconds(10);
-    const bool charged_high = lgfx::gpio_in(pin);
-    lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input);
-    lgfx::delayMicroseconds(release_us);
-    const bool held_high = lgfx::gpio_in(pin);
-
-    lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input_pulldown);
-    lgfx::delayMicroseconds(10);
-    const bool charged_low = !lgfx::gpio_in(pin);
-    lgfx::pinMode(pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input);
-    lgfx::delayMicroseconds(release_us);
-    const bool held_low = !lgfx::gpio_in(pin);
-    ctx.transaction->restore_start(pin);
-    return charged_high && held_high && charged_low && held_low;
-  }
-
   dedicated_release_result_t probe_dedicated_pin_release(
     probe_ctx_t& ctx, const std::int8_t* pins, std::uint8_t pin_count,
     std::uint16_t reads, std::uint8_t samples, std::uint32_t settle_us)
@@ -1132,7 +1132,8 @@ namespace board_detect
       const ops::gpio_scope_t gpio_scope { GPIO_NUM_MAX, gpio_pins.data, gpio_pins.size };
       return ops::run_ops(ops::lgfx_backend(&backend_context),
                           power.devices, power.device_count,
-                          sequence.data, sequence.size, gpio_scope, policy);
+                          sequence.data, sequence.size, gpio_scope, policy,
+                          ops::lgfx_wait_ready_finished);
     }
 
     const pmic_variant_t* read_variant(const power_desc_t& power, int port,
@@ -1583,49 +1584,11 @@ namespace board_detect
     return ok;
   }
 
-  bool probe_spi_id(probe_ctx_t& ctx, const board_desc_t& desc,
-                    const spi_id_probe_t* probes, std::size_t probe_count,
-                    board_result_t* result, bool three_wire,
-                    std::uint8_t slow_retry_half_us,
-                    bool legacy_zero_preamble)
+  bool observe_spi_variant(probe_ctx_t& ctx, const board_desc_t& desc,
+                           const spi_id_probe_t* probes, std::size_t probe_count,
+                           std::uint32_t* option, bool three_wire,
+                           std::uint8_t slow_retry_half_us, bool legacy_zero_preamble)
   {
-    if (probes == nullptr || probe_count == 0 || result == nullptr
-     || !startup_detail::description_valid(desc)
-     || desc.display.cs < 0) { return false; }  // no_display_pins() has no SPI ID
-    const std::int8_t pins[] = {
-      desc.display.cs, desc.display.sclk, desc.display.mosi,
-      desc.display.dc, desc.display.rst,
-    };
-    const std::int8_t shared_sd_pins[] = {
-      desc.display.cs, desc.display.sclk, desc.display.mosi,
-      desc.display.dc, desc.display.rst,
-      desc.sd.sclk, desc.sd.mosi, desc.sd.miso, desc.sd.sd_cs,
-    };
-    const auto restore_probe_pins = [&]()
-    {
-      if (desc.sd.sd_cs >= 0) { ctx.transaction->restore_start(shared_sd_pins); }
-      else                    { ctx.transaction->restore_start(pins); }
-    };
-    board_result_t candidate;
-    candidate.assign(&desc);
-    const prepare_ctx_t& prepare_ctx = ctx;
-    if (desc.sd.sd_cs >= 0)
-    {
-      // Keep both devices deselected while the shared SD bus is switched to
-      // SPI mode. Descriptions without shared SD take the original path.
-      startup_detail::pin_level(desc.sd.sd_cs, true);
-      startup_detail::pin_level(desc.display.cs, true);
-      if (!startup_detail::prepare_sd_spi(desc, candidate, prepare_ctx))
-      {
-        restore_probe_pins();
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!prepare_reset(desc, candidate, prepare_ctx, ctx.i2c_port_probe))
-    {
-      restore_probe_pins();
-      return false;
-    }
     const int read_pin = three_wire || desc.display.miso < 0
                        ? desc.display.mosi : desc.display.miso;
     std::uint8_t last_cmd = 0;
@@ -1647,8 +1610,7 @@ namespace board_detect
       for (std::size_t value = 0; value < probe.value_count; ++value)
       {
         if ((id & probe.mask) != probe.values[value]) { continue; }
-        candidate.option = probe.option_bit;
-        *result = candidate;
+        *option = probe.option_bit;
         return true;
       }
     }
@@ -1669,12 +1631,63 @@ namespace board_detect
         for (std::size_t value = 0; value < probe.value_count; ++value)
         {
           if ((id & probe.mask) != probe.values[value]) { continue; }
-          candidate.option = probe.option_bit;
-          *result = candidate;
+          *option = probe.option_bit;
           return true;
         }
       }
     }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool probe_spi_id(probe_ctx_t& ctx, const board_desc_t& desc,
+                    const spi_id_probe_t* probes, std::size_t probe_count,
+                    board_result_t* result, bool three_wire,
+                    std::uint8_t slow_retry_half_us,
+                    bool legacy_zero_preamble)
+  {
+    if (probes == nullptr || probe_count == 0 || result == nullptr
+     || !startup_detail::description_valid(desc)
+     || desc.display.cs < 0) { return false; }  // no_display_pins() has no SPI ID
+    const std::int8_t pins[] = {
+      desc.display.cs, desc.display.sclk, desc.display.mosi,
+      desc.display.dc, desc.display.rst,
+    };
+    const std::int8_t shared_sd_pins[] = {
+      desc.display.cs, desc.display.sclk, desc.display.mosi,
+      desc.display.dc, desc.display.rst,
+      desc.sd.sclk, desc.sd.mosi, desc.sd.miso, desc.sd.sd_cs,
+    };
+    const auto restore_probe_pins = [&]()
+    {
+      if (desc.sd.sd_cs >= 0) { ctx.transaction->restore_start(shared_sd_pins); }
+      else                    { ctx.transaction->restore_start(pins); }
+    };
+    board_result_t candidate;
+    candidate.assign(&desc);
+    const prepare_ctx_t& prepare_ctx = ctx;
+    if (desc.sd.sd_cs >= 0)
+    {
+      // Keep both devices deselected while the shared SD bus is switched to
+      // SPI mode. Descriptions without shared SD take the original path.
+      startup_detail::pin_level(desc.sd.sd_cs, true);
+      startup_detail::pin_level(desc.display.cs, true);
+      if (!startup_detail::prepare_sd_spi(desc, candidate, prepare_ctx))
+      {
+        restore_probe_pins();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!prepare_reset(desc, candidate, prepare_ctx, ctx.i2c_port_probe))
+    {
+      restore_probe_pins();
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (observe_spi_variant(ctx, desc, probes, probe_count, &candidate.option,
+                            three_wire, slow_retry_half_us, legacy_zero_preamble))
+    {
+      *result = candidate;
+      return true;
+    }
     restore_probe_pins();
     return false;
   }
@@ -1690,6 +1703,25 @@ namespace board_detect
     bool legacy_zero_preamble;
   };
 
+  bool fixed_start_spi_variant(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,
+                               const spi_id_member_t& member)
+  {
+    if (!prepare(*result.desc, result, ctx)) { return false; }
+    probe_ctx_t probe;
+    static_cast<prepare_ctx_t&>(probe) = ctx;
+    if (!observe_spi_variant(probe, *result.desc, member.probes, member.probe_count,
+                             &result.option, member.three_wire,
+                             member.slow_retry_half_us, member.legacy_zero_preamble))
+    {
+      ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "Fixed board:%u panel variant unreadable; using default",
+               static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+    }
+    const auto& display = result.desc->display;
+    const std::int8_t signals[] = { display.dc, display.sclk, display.mosi, display.miso };
+    ctx.transaction->restore_start(signals);
+    return true;
+  }
+
   class spi_id_detector_t final : public board_detector_t
   {
   public:
@@ -1704,7 +1736,7 @@ namespace board_detect
     bool confirm(probe_ctx_t& ctx, board_result_t* result) const override
     {
       if (shared_id_read_) { return probe_family(ctx, result); }
-      if (ctx.hint != board_id_unknown)
+      if (ctx.attempt == 0 && !ctx.final_attempt && ctx.hint != board_id_unknown)
       {
         for (std::uint8_t index = 0; index < member_count_; ++index)
         {
@@ -1828,8 +1860,10 @@ namespace board_detect
     {
       if (result.prepared & prepared_power_failed)
       {
-        // The family member is still provisional: show it, but do not cache it.
-        result.transient_fallback = true;
+        // Pending refinement means the member is not yet confirmed. Give a
+        // failed power sequence another attempt before retaining it provisionally.
+        if (!ctx.final_attempt) { return false; }
+        result.provisional = true;
         ESP_LOGW("board_detect",
                  "member refinement skipped after retained power_on failure; board=%u",
                  static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
@@ -1848,6 +1882,19 @@ namespace board_detect
     {
       current = result.desc;
     }
+    if (!(result.prepared & prepared_observation) && result.observe_after_power != nullptr)
+    {
+      // Panel metadata is optional after retained power failure; the member
+      // was already confirmed before this observer was attached.
+      if (!(result.prepared & prepared_power_failed)
+       && !result.observe_after_power(result, ctx))
+      {
+        // Optional panel metadata must not discard a member confirmed by touch.
+        ESP_LOGW("board_detect", "post-power observation failed; retaining board=%u",
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(result.def->id));
+      }
+      result.prepared |= prepared_observation;
+    }
     if (!startup_detail::prepare_sd_spi(*current, result, ctx)) { return false; }
     const bool reset_was_prepared = result.prepared & prepared_reset;
     if (!reset_was_prepared)
diff --git a/src/board_detect/detect_class.hpp b/src/board_detect/detect_class.hpp
index fbcd7f0c..bb81399a 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/detect_class.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/detect_class.hpp
@@ -8,8 +8,37 @@ namespace m5gfx { namespace board_detect {
   {
     std::uint64_t pulldown_high = 0;
     std::uint64_t pullup_high = 0;
+    std::uint64_t pulldown_release_high = 0;
+    std::uint64_t pullup_release_high = 0;
+    bool release_sampled = false;
   };
 
+  // Catalog detect_class floating follows internal pulls after 10 us only.
+  // This floating class additionally requires both biased levels to survive release.
+  enum class pull_class_t : std::uint8_t
+  {
+    up, down, weak_up, weak_down, floating, conflict, pull_dependent,
+  };
+
+  // Requires a measured pin in 0..63. Pull-dependent pins without release
+  // samples cannot be distinguished as floating or weakly biased.
+  inline pull_class_t classify_pin_pull(const pin_pull_result_t& measured, int pin)
+  {
+    const auto bit = std::uint64_t(1) << pin;
+    const bool pd = measured.pulldown_high & bit;
+    const bool pu = measured.pullup_high & bit;
+    if (pd && pu) { return pull_class_t::up; }
+    if (!pd && !pu) { return pull_class_t::down; }
+    if (pd && !pu) { return pull_class_t::conflict; }
+    if (!measured.release_sampled) { return pull_class_t::pull_dependent; }
+    const bool pd_release = measured.pulldown_release_high & bit;
+    const bool pu_release = measured.pullup_release_high & bit;
+    if (!pd_release && pu_release) { return pull_class_t::floating; }
+    if (!pd_release && !pu_release) { return pull_class_t::weak_down; }
+    if (pd_release && pu_release) { return pull_class_t::weak_up; }
+    return pull_class_t::conflict;
+  }
+
   struct detect_class_expected_t
   {
     std::uint64_t mask;
diff --git a/src/board_detect/detect_session.hpp b/src/board_detect/detect_session.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fc8730e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/board_detect/detect_session.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright (c) M5Stack. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+#pragma once
+#include "detect_types.hpp"
+
+namespace m5gfx
+{
+namespace board_detect
+{
+  // Classify after preparation: refinement may retain an unresolved member.
+  inline bool finalize_prepared_result(detect_outcome_t& outcome, board_id_t preferred)
+  {
+    outcome.verdict = outcome.result.provisional ? verdict_t::candidate : verdict_t::confirmed;
+    outcome.candidate_kind = outcome.result.provisional ? candidate_kind_t::provisional : candidate_kind_t::none;
+    if (outcome.result.provisional && preferred != board_id_unknown
+     && outcome.result.def->id != preferred)
+    {
+      outcome.result.candidate = outcome.result.def;
+      outcome.reason = fail_reason_t::family_unresolved;
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline bool should_persist_detection(const detect_outcome_t& outcome, std::uint32_t previous)
+  {
+    return outcome.verdict == verdict_t::confirmed && outcome.setup_succeeded
+        && previous != outcome.result.def->id;
+  }
+
+  template <typename RunAttempt>
+  __attribute__((always_inline)) inline detect_outcome_t run_detection_session(
+    detect_request_t request, RunAttempt run_attempt)
+  {
+    detect_outcome_t outcome;
+    const board_def_t* candidate = nullptr;
+    candidate_kind_t kind = candidate_kind_t::none;
+    std::uint8_t attempts = 0;
+    for (unsigned attempt = request.attempt; attempt < request.max_attempts; ++attempt)
+    {
+      request.attempt = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(attempt);
+      if (attempt + 2 == request.max_attempts) { request.allow_reset = true; }
+      const bool final_attempt = attempt + 1 == request.max_attempts;
+      outcome = run_attempt(request, final_attempt);
+      outcome.attempts = ++attempts;
+      if (outcome.setup_succeeded) { return outcome; }
+      // Failed setup still leaves stronger family evidence than a weak hint.
+      if (outcome.candidate_kind == candidate_kind_t::provisional
+       && outcome.result.candidate == nullptr)
+      { outcome.result.candidate = outcome.result.def; }
+      // Later provisional evidence can refine an earlier family representative.
+      // Weak suggestions cannot replace it; weak-only candidates keep the first.
+      if (outcome.result.candidate != nullptr
+       && (candidate == nullptr || outcome.candidate_kind == candidate_kind_t::provisional))
+      {
+        candidate = outcome.result.candidate;
+        kind = outcome.candidate_kind;
+      }
+      outcome.result.candidate = candidate;
+      // Candidate metadata follows its pointer even after confirmed setup fails.
+      outcome.candidate_kind = kind;
+      if (outcome.verdict != verdict_t::confirmed && candidate != nullptr)
+      { outcome.verdict = verdict_t::candidate; }
+      // A mismatched preference retries until the final attempt. A retained
+      // power failure skips member selection; a retry can run refinement once
+      // power preparation succeeds and apply the observed member preference.
+      if (final_attempt && outcome.reason == fail_reason_t::family_unresolved
+       && outcome.candidate_kind == candidate_kind_t::provisional) { return outcome; }
+      if (outcome.reason == fail_reason_t::no_signature) { return outcome; }
+    }
+    return outcome;
+  }
+}
+}
diff --git a/src/board_detect/detect_types.hpp b/src/board_detect/detect_types.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e92e2cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/board_detect/detect_types.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright (c) M5Stack. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace m5gfx
+{
+namespace board_detect
+{
+  using board_id_t = std::uint16_t;
+  static constexpr board_id_t board_id_unknown = 0;
+
+  enum board_def_flag_t : std::uint8_t
+  {
+    // A board with no positive signature. Such members cannot promote their
+    // detector through an NVS hint; a detector may expose them as candidates.
+    def_flag_fallback = 1 << 0,
+  };
+
+  struct board_def_t
+  {
+    board_id_t id;
+    const char* name;
+    std::uint8_t flags;
+  };
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+  inline const board_def_t board_def_unknown = { board_id_unknown, "unknown", 0 };
+#else
+  // Arduino-ESP32 2.x still compiles as C++11. Internal linkage provides the
+  // same ODR safety there; C++17 and newer use the single inline definition.
+  static const board_def_t board_def_unknown = { board_id_unknown, "unknown", 0 };
+#endif
+
+  enum prepared_state_t : std::uint32_t
+  {
+    // Bits 0..15 are manufacturer-independent completed operations or probe
+    // side effects. Bits 16..31 are reserved for board-specific state.
+    prepared_power  = 1u << 0,
+    prepared_reset  = 1u << 1,
+    prepared_sd_spi = 1u << 2,
+    // The GPIO reset line has been driven inactive, but a reset pulse may not
+    // have been allowed. Keep this distinct from prepared_reset so a later
+    // reset-enabled prepare can still pulse the panel reset.
+    prepared_reset_line = 1u << 4,
+    // A confirmed family's post-power refinement has been resolved (run, or
+    // deliberately skipped after a failed retained power sequence).
+    prepared_refine = 1u << 5,
+    // The confirmed board was retained after its power operation list stopped.
+    prepared_power_failed = 1u << 6,
+    prepared_observation = 1u << 7,
+  };
+
+  enum class detect_status_t : std::uint8_t
+  {
+    no_match,
+    matched,
+    excluded,
+  };
+
+  struct board_desc_t;
+  struct prepare_ctx_t;
+  class detection_transaction_t;
+  struct board_result_t;
+  using refine_fn_t = bool (*)(board_result_t&, const prepare_ctx_t&);
+
+  struct board_result_t
+  {
+    // A matched/direct result owns no description; this points at the static
+    // canonical description and def aliases &desc->def. Unknown results have
+    // desc == nullptr and retain board_def_unknown for compatibility.
+    const board_desc_t* desc = nullptr;
+    const board_def_t* def = &board_def_unknown;
+    std::uint32_t option = 0;
+    std::uint32_t prepared = 0;
+    // Family evidence permits setup, but its member is not confirmed.
+    bool provisional = false;
+    // A weak, displayless suggestion returned only when no board is confirmed.
+    const board_def_t* candidate = nullptr;
+    detect_status_t status = detect_status_t::no_match;
+    // Optional read-only member refinement after power preparation.
+    refine_fn_t refine = nullptr;
+    // Detector-private state passed to refine; construction and NVS ignore it.
+    std::uint8_t refine_state = 0;
+    // Optional post-power observation for an already confirmed member. Unlike
+    // refinement, failure of retained power may skip it without losing identity.
+    refine_fn_t observe_after_power = nullptr;
+
+    void assign(const board_desc_t* value);
+  };
+
+  enum class verdict_t : std::uint8_t { unknown, candidate, confirmed };
+  enum class candidate_kind_t : std::uint8_t { none, weak, provisional };
+  enum class fail_reason_t : std::uint8_t
+  {
+    none, no_signature, confirm_transient, confirm_definitive, excluded_by_set,
+    family_unresolved, prepare_failed, construct_failed, adopt_failed,
+  };
+
+  struct detect_request_t
+  {
+    const board_id_t* target_set = nullptr;
+    board_id_t hint = board_id_unknown;
+    board_id_t preferred = board_id_unknown;
+    bool allow_reset = false;
+    std::uint8_t attempt = 0;
+    std::uint8_t max_attempts = 1;
+    bool conditional_pins_unavailable = false;
+  };
+
+  struct detect_outcome_t
+  {
+    verdict_t verdict = verdict_t::unknown;
+    candidate_kind_t candidate_kind = candidate_kind_t::none;
+    board_result_t result;
+    fail_reason_t reason = fail_reason_t::none;
+    std::uint8_t attempts = 0;
+    // Identification and successful adoption remain separate: legacy init
+    // retries a confirmed family when preparation or display adoption fails.
+    bool setup_succeeded = false;
+  };
+}
+}
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/board_registry.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/board_registry.inl
index aaacbcfe..8b289f0c 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/board_registry.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/board_registry.inl
@@ -21,14 +21,31 @@ namespace m5
   using construct_fn_t = construct_status_t (*)(const board_result_t&, display_parts_t*);
   using success_annotation_fn_t = const char* (*)(const board_result_t&);
 
+  using fixed_start_fn_t = bool (*)(board_result_t&, const prepare_ctx_t&);
+
   struct board_entry_t
   {
     const board_desc_t* desc;
     construct_fn_t construct;
     const char* success_log_name;
     success_annotation_fn_t success_annotation;
+    fixed_start_fn_t fixed_start;
+
+    constexpr board_entry_t(const board_desc_t* desc_, construct_fn_t construct_,
+                            const char* name_, success_annotation_fn_t annotation_,
+                            fixed_start_fn_t fixed_start_ = nullptr)
+    : desc(desc_), construct(construct_), success_log_name(name_),
+      success_annotation(annotation_), fixed_start(fixed_start_) {}
   };
 
+  template <std::size_t BoardCount>
+  const board_entry_t* find_board(const board_entry_t (&boards)[BoardCount], board_id_t id)
+  {
+    for (const auto& entry : boards)
+    { if (entry.desc->def.id == id) { return &entry; } }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   struct success_log_t
   {
     const char* name;
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl
index d57e5c78..d76e8460 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6.inl
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ namespace m5
 
   namespace detail
   {
+    bool fixed_start_core(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx);
     bool stack_reset_and_sample_ips(const board_desc_t& desc, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,
                                     std::uint32_t* detected_option);
   }
@@ -195,13 +196,13 @@ namespace m5
   static const board_entry_t esp32_d0wdq6_boards[] = {
     { &desc_timercam, construct_displayless, "board_M5TimerCam", nullptr },
     { &desc_station, construct_station, nullptr, nullptr },
-    { &desc_core2, construct_core2, nullptr, nullptr },
-    { &desc_tough, construct_tough, nullptr, nullptr },
+    { &desc_core2, construct_core2, nullptr, nullptr, detail::fixed_start_core },
+    { &desc_tough, construct_tough, nullptr, nullptr, detail::fixed_start_core },
     { &desc_stack, construct_stack, nullptr, nullptr },
     { &desc_paper, construct_paper, nullptr, nullptr },
     { &desc_stickcplus, construct_stickcplus, "M5StickCPlus", nullptr },
     { &desc_stickc, construct_stickc, "M5StickC", nullptr },
-    { &desc_coreink, construct_coreink, "M5StackCoreInk", nullptr },
+    { &desc_coreink, construct_coreink, "M5StackCoreInk", nullptr, fixed_start_coreink },
     { &desc_stickcplus2, construct_stickcplus2, "M5StickCPlus2", nullptr },
     { &desc_atompsram, construct_atompsram, "", nullptr },
     { &desc_atomvoice, construct_displayless, "board_M5AtomVoice", nullptr },
@@ -213,8 +214,16 @@ namespace m5
 
   namespace detail
   {
-    bool refine_core_family(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+    const pmic_variant_t* observe_core_pmic(int port)
+    { return startup_detail::read_variant(desc_core2.power, port); }
+
+    bool observe_core_panel(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx,
+                            panel_variant_t& variant, std::uint32_t keys[4])
     {
+      // Power may have just enabled a cold SD card. Put it in SPI mode before
+      // sharing the panel clocks, including the fixed-board startup path.
+      if (!startup_detail::prepare_sd_spi(*result.desc, result, ctx)) { return false; }
+      ESP_LOGD("board_detect_m5", "Core panel observation after SD SPI preparation");
       const auto& display = desc_core2.display;
       const std::int8_t signals[] = {
         display.dc, display.sclk, display.mosi, display.miso
@@ -223,9 +232,8 @@ namespace m5
       startup_detail::pin_level(desc_core2.sd.sd_cs, true);
       soft_spi_t bus(display.sclk, display.mosi, display.mosi, display.dc);
       bus.init();
-      std::uint32_t keys[4] = {};
       // Without reset, leave the same 120 ms window for a waking panel.
-      auto variant = identify_panel_variant(bus, display.cs, keys,
+      variant = identify_panel_variant(bus, display.cs, keys,
                                             ctx.allow_reset ? 1 : 120);
       if (ctx.allow_reset)
       {
@@ -245,6 +253,59 @@ namespace m5
           for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { keys[i] = after_keys[i]; }
         }
       }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    bool fixed_start_core(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+    {
+      const auto& desc = *result.desc;
+      {
+        startup_detail::i2c_scope_t i2c(*ctx.transaction, ctx.i2c_port_probe, desc.internal_i2c);
+        const auto* pmic = i2c.opened ? observe_core_pmic(i2c.port) : nullptr;
+        // Never send a default controller's write list when its identity is unknown.
+        if (pmic == nullptr)
+        {
+          ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "Fixed board:%u PMIC unreadable; startup stopped",
+                   static_cast<unsigned>(desc.def.id));
+          return false;
+        }
+        result.option |= pmic->detected_option;
+        if (!startup_detail::prepare_power(desc, result, i2c.port, true)) { return false; }
+      }
+      panel_variant_t variant;
+      std::uint32_t keys[4] = {};
+      if (!observe_core_panel(result, ctx, variant, keys)) { return false; }
+      log_panel_variant(variant, keys);
+      if (variant == panel_variant_t::e) { result.option |= generated_options::core2::lcd_e; }
+      const auto& display = desc.display;
+      const std::int8_t signals[] = { display.dc, display.sclk, display.mosi, display.miso };
+      ctx.transaction->restore_start(signals);
+      return prepare(desc, result, ctx);
+    }
+
+    bool observe_confirmed_core_panel(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+    {
+      panel_variant_t variant;
+      std::uint32_t keys[4] = {};
+      const bool observed = observe_core_panel(result, ctx, variant, keys);
+      const auto& display = desc_core2.display;
+      const std::int8_t signals[] = { display.dc, display.sclk, display.mosi, display.miso };
+      ctx.transaction->restore_start(signals);
+      if (!observed) { return false; }
+      log_panel_variant(variant, keys);
+      if (variant == panel_variant_t::e) { result.option |= generated_options::core2::lcd_e; }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    bool refine_core_family(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+    {
+      const auto& display = desc_core2.display;
+      const std::int8_t signals[] = {
+        display.dc, display.sclk, display.mosi, display.miso
+      };
+      std::uint32_t keys[4] = {};
+      panel_variant_t variant;
+      if (!observe_core_panel(result, ctx, variant, keys)) { return false; }
       startup_detail::i2c_scope_t i2c(*ctx.transaction, ctx.i2c_port_probe,
                                        desc_core2.internal_i2c);
       if (!i2c.opened)
@@ -260,27 +321,36 @@ namespace m5
         tough = lgfx::i2c::readRegister8(
           i2c.port, tough_touch_address, touch_probe_register,
           tough_touch_i2c_frequency).has_value();
-        if (tough) { break; }
         core2 = lgfx::i2c::readRegister8(
           i2c.port, core2_touch_address, touch_probe_register,
           tough_touch_i2c_frequency).has_value();
-        if (core2) { break; }
+#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CORE2_TOUCH) || defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CORE2_TOUCH_POST)
+        tough = core2 = false;
+#endif
+        // M-Bus devices can answer at either address. Read both even if Tough
+        // answers first; simultaneous responses cannot confirm a member.
+        if (tough || core2) { break; }
         lgfx::delay(1);
       } while (lgfx::millis() - touch_start < touch_startup_poll_ms);
-      // Core2 requires its own touch response; a Station LCD miss on shared
-      // AXP192 must not be saved as Core2 when neither touch answers.
+      if ((tough && core2)
+       || (tough && (result.option & generated_options::core2::new_pmic)))
+      {
+        ctx.transaction->restore_start(signals);
+        return false;
+      }
       if (!tough && !core2)
       {
-        // An AXP192 with no LCD or touch response may still be Station.
-        if (variant == panel_variant_t::unknown
-         && !(result.option & generated_options::core2::new_pmic))
+        const auto possible = [&](board_id_t id) -> const board_desc_t*
         {
-          ctx.transaction->restore_start(signals);
-          return false;
-        }
-        if (!finish_unresolved(ctx, &result,
-                               ctx.hint == desc_tough.def.id ? &desc_tough : nullptr,
-                               &desc_core2, false, "Core2/Tough touch unidentified"))
+          if (id == desc_core2.def.id) { return &desc_core2; }
+          // Tough has no AXP2101 variant; an explicit preference cannot negate it.
+          if (id == desc_tough.def.id
+           && !(result.option & generated_options::core2::new_pmic)) { return &desc_tough; }
+          return nullptr;
+        };
+        if (!select_provisional_member(ctx, &result,
+                               possible(ctx.preferred), possible(ctx.hint),
+                               &desc_core2, "Core2/Tough touch unidentified"))
         {
           ctx.transaction->restore_start(signals);
           return false;
@@ -328,13 +398,82 @@ namespace m5
       if (!i2c.opened) { return false; }
       prepare_ctx_t prepare_ctx = ctx;
       prepare_ctx.i2c_port_probe = i2c.port;
-      const auto* pmic = startup_detail::read_variant(desc_core2.power, i2c.port);
+      const auto* pmic = detail::observe_core_pmic(i2c.port);
       if (pmic == nullptr) { return false; }
+      ctx.family_identified = true;
       ESP_LOGD("board_detect_m5", "power controller id=%02x", pmic->id_value);
 
+      const bool new_pmic = pmic->id_value != detail::station_pmic_id;
+      // Keep the scoped port alive; probe_i2c_ack would release it between reads.
+      const auto touch_answers = [&](std::uint8_t addr) -> bool
+      {
+        const bool began = lgfx::i2c::beginTransaction(i2c.port, addr, 100000, false).has_value();
+        const bool ended = lgfx::i2c::endTransaction(i2c.port).has_value();
+        return began && ended;
+      };
+      bool core2_touch = touch_answers(detail::core2_touch_address);
+      bool tough_touch = touch_answers(detail::tough_touch_address);
+#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CORE2_TOUCH) || defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CORE2_TOUCH_PRE) || defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORE_FAMILY_FORCE_STATION)
+      core2_touch = tough_touch = false;
+#endif
+      char g12 = '-', g32 = '-', g33 = '-';
+      // Port A is external. Sample its pulls only for silent AXP192 members;
+      // positive touch evidence and AXP2101 do not need this subdivision.
+      if (!core2_touch && !tough_touch && !new_pmic)
+      {
+        const auto pulls = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, (1ULL << 12) | (1ULL << 32) | (1ULL << 33));
+        const auto classify = [&](unsigned pin) -> char
+        {
+          const unsigned sample = ((pulls.pulldown_high >> pin) & 1)
+                                | (((pulls.pullup_high >> pin) & 1) << 1);
+          return "DXFU"[sample];
+        };
+        g12 = classify(12); g32 = classify(32); g33 = classify(33);
+      }
+#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORE_FAMILY_FORCE_STATION)
+      g12 = 'F';
+#endif
+      ESP_LOGD("board_detect_m5", "AXP attempt=%u pmic=%02x touch38=%u touch2e=%u G12=%c G32=%c G33=%c",
+               ctx.attempt, pmic->id_value, core2_touch, tough_touch, g12, g32, g33);
+      *result = {};
+      // External M-Bus ICs at these addresses can make the evidence contradictory.
+      if ((core2_touch && tough_touch) || (new_pmic && tough_touch)) { return false; }
+      if (core2_touch || tough_touch)
+      {
+        result->assign(core2_touch ? &desc_core2 : &desc_tough);
+        result->option = pmic->detected_option;
+        // Observe panel metadata without selecting the confirmed member again.
+        result->observe_after_power = detail::observe_confirmed_core_panel;
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (new_pmic)
+      {
+        // AXP2101 belongs only to Core2, but absent touch is abnormal. A failed
+        // touch controller deliberately consumes all attempts before fallback.
+        if (!select_provisional_member(ctx, result, &desc_core2, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                       "AXP2101 Core2 touch unanswered")) { return false; }
+        result->option = pmic->detected_option;
+        result->observe_after_power = detail::observe_confirmed_core_panel;
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (g12 == 'D' && g32 == 'U' && g33 == 'U')
+      {
+        // Cold AXP192 Core2 needs the shared Core2/Tough power list before touch
+        // confirmation. Station's weak G12 pull-down may also read D, so both
+        // Port A lines must read U. External pull-ups on both lines still admit
+        // such a Station; no second member power list runs in this attempt.
+        result->assign(&desc_core2);
+        result->option = pmic->detected_option;
+        result->refine = detail::refine_core_family;
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (g12 != 'F' && g12 != 'D') { return false; }
+
       std::uint64_t sd_mask;
       if (!detail::sd_pull_mask(desc_core2, &sd_mask)) { return false; }
-      // Even pull probing toggles shared clocks, so deselect the LCD first.
+      // A cold AXP192 Core2/Tough with either Port A line externally held low
+      // also enters this Station path and stays unidentified after an LCD miss.
+      // Only the Station probe needs the exceptional pre-power SD transition.
       startup_detail::pin_level(desc_core2.display.cs, true);
       const auto sd_pulls = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, sd_mask);
       const bool sd_present = sd_pulls.pulldown_high == sd_mask
@@ -342,53 +481,31 @@ namespace m5
       std::uint32_t preprepared = 0;
       if (sd_present)
       {
-        // This exceptional pre-power transition protects the Station probe on
-        // powered Core2 revisions. Unpowered cards transition after PMIC power.
         startup_detail::pin_level(desc_core2.sd.sd_cs, true);
         board_result_t sd_result;
         sd_result.assign(&desc_core2);
-        if (!startup_detail::prepare_sd_spi(desc_core2, sd_result, prepare_ctx))
-        {
-          return false;
-        }
+        if (!startup_detail::prepare_sd_spi(desc_core2, sd_result, prepare_ctx)) { return false; }
         preprepared |= sd_result.prepared & prepared_sd_spi;
       }
-
-      auto try_station = [&]() -> bool
+      result->assign(&desc_station);
+      result->prepared = preprepared;
+      if (!prepare_reset(desc_station, *result, prepare_ctx, i2c.port))
       {
-#if !defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_STATION_TO_CORE2)
-        if (pmic->id_value != detail::station_pmic_id) { return false; }
-#endif
+        ctx.transaction->restore_start(desc_station.reset.pin);
+        return false;
+      }
+      const auto& display = desc_station.display;
+      const auto detected_id = soft_spi_read32(
+        ctx, display.sclk, display.mosi, display.mosi, display.dc, display.cs,
+        detail::panel_id_command, 1);
+      if ((detected_id & detail::station_id_mask) != detail::station_id)
+      {
+        ctx.transaction->restore_start(desc_station.reset.pin);
+        // Neither hint nor preference may send Core2 power after a Station miss.
         *result = {};
-        result->assign(&desc_station);
-        result->prepared = preprepared;
-        if (!prepare_reset(desc_station, *result, prepare_ctx, i2c.port))
-        {
-          ctx.transaction->restore_start(desc_station.reset.pin);
-          return false;
-        }
-        const auto& display = desc_station.display;
-        const auto detected_id = soft_spi_read32(
-          ctx, display.sclk, display.mosi, display.mosi, display.dc, display.cs,
-          detail::panel_id_command, 1);
-        if ((detected_id & detail::station_id_mask) != detail::station_id)
-        {
-          ctx.transaction->restore_start(desc_station.reset.pin);
-          return false;
-        }
-        // A matching Station keeps reset and LCD CS inactive through prepare.
-        // Core2's SD CS may have been raised on the way here; Station does not own it.
-        ctx.transaction->restore_start(desc_core2.sd.sd_cs);
-        return true;
-      };
-
-      // Station must be excluded before accepting the shared AXP signature.
-      if (try_station()) { return true; }
-      *result = {};
-      result->assign(&desc_core2);
-      result->option = pmic->detected_option;
-      result->prepared = preprepared;
-      result->refine = detail::refine_core_family;
+        return false;
+      }
+      ctx.transaction->restore_start(desc_core2.sd.sd_cs);
       return true;
     }
 
@@ -411,25 +528,23 @@ namespace m5
        || !startup_detail::gpio_valid(desc_stack.display.dc)) { return false; }
       std::uint64_t sd_mask;
       if (!detail::sd_pull_mask(desc_stack, &sd_mask)) { return false; }
-      auto& values = ctx.detector_workspace.values;
       startup_detail::pin_level(desc_stack.display.cs, true);
       const auto pulls = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, sd_mask);
-      values[0] = pulls.pulldown_high;
-      values[1] = pulls.pullup_high;
       ctx.transaction->restore_start(desc_stack.display.cs);
-      const bool pull_match = values[0] == sd_mask && values[1] == sd_mask;
-      const bool bypassed = !pull_match && (ctx.final_attempt || ctx.hint == desc_stack.def.id);
-      values[2] = (pull_match ? 1u : 0u) | (bypassed ? 2u : 0u);
+      const bool pull_match = pulls.pulldown_high == sd_mask && pulls.pullup_high == sd_mask;
       if (!pull_match)
       {
         ESP_LOGD("board_detect_m5",
                  "M5Stack pull signature mismatch pd=%08x%08x pu=%08x%08x",
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[0] >> 32),
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[0]),
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[1] >> 32),
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[1]));
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(pulls.pulldown_high >> 32),
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(pulls.pulldown_high),
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(pulls.pullup_high >> 32),
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(pulls.pullup_high));
       }
-      return pull_match || bypassed;
+      // G32 can be camera output or external SDA on other boards. Its low
+      // level must not admit Stack reset, which can drop their power hold.
+      // Require SD evidence even for hints and the final attempt.
+      return pull_match;
     }
 
     bool confirm(probe_ctx_t& ctx, board_result_t* result) const override
@@ -459,16 +574,6 @@ namespace m5
       if ((panel_id & detail::panel_id_mask) != detail::common_panel_id)
       { return false; }
       ctx.transaction->restore_start(signals);
-      const auto& values = ctx.detector_workspace.values;
-      if (values[2] & 2u)
-      {
-        ESP_LOGI("board_detect_m5",
-                 "M5Stack detected after bypassing pull signature pd=%08x%08x pu=%08x%08x",
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[0] >> 32),
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[0]),
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[1] >> 32),
-                 static_cast<unsigned>(values[1]));
-      }
       return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6_setup.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6_setup.inl
index be42f1d8..a5a15d2d 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6_setup.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_d0wdq6_setup.inl
@@ -71,7 +71,10 @@ namespace m5
   {
     display_parts_owner_t out;
     construct_core_panel(result, generated_options::tough::lcd_e, bus_tough, &out);
-    out.light.reset(make_default_part<Light_M5Tough>());
+    // Only fixed Tough can carry AXP2101; avoid sending it AXP192 backlight writes.
+    out.light.reset((result.option & generated_options::core2::new_pmic)
+                  ? static_cast<lgfx::ILight*>(make_default_part<Light_M5StackCore2_AXP2101>())
+                  : static_cast<lgfx::ILight*>(make_default_part<Light_M5Tough>()));
     out.touch.reset(make_i2c_touch<lgfx::Touch_CHSC6540>(touch_tough));
     out.panel->touch(out.touch.get());
     return construct_status(out.release_to(parts));
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_pico.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_pico.inl
index 2dd7618a..7bbb6f90 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_pico.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32_pico.inl
@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ static const board_def_t* const coreink_members[] = { &desc_coreink.def, nullptr
 static const spi_id_member_t coreink_member_descs[] = {
   { &desc_coreink, coreink_probes, 2, true, false, 0, true },
 };
+static bool fixed_start_coreink(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+{ return fixed_start_spi_variant(result, ctx, coreink_member_descs[0]); }
 static const spi_id_detector_t coreink_detector(coreink_members, coreink_member_descs, 1);
 
 static const board_def_t* const stickcplus2_members[] = { &desc_stickcplus2.def, nullptr };
@@ -167,6 +169,9 @@ private:
     const bool atom_g2 = lgfx::gpio_in(2);
     ctx.transaction->restore_start({ 2 });
     if (!atom_g2) { return false; }
+    // StickC LCD reset is pulled high; Atom leaves G18 unconnected.
+    const auto g18 = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, 1ULL << 18);
+    if (g18.pulldown_high || g18.pullup_high != (1ULL << 18)) { return false; }
     const auto read_g34 = [](lgfx::pin_mode_t mode) {
       lgfx::pinMode(23, mode); // G23 is exposed: internal pull only, never drive it.
       esp_rom_delay_us(5);
@@ -182,9 +187,13 @@ private:
     if (down)
     {
       result->assign(&desc_atomvoice); // Microphone DATA remains high with G23 low.
-      if (!(up1 && down2 && up2)) { result->transient_fallback = true; }
+      if (!(up1 && down2 && up2)) { result->provisional = true; }
       return true;
     }
+    // The IR transmitter supplies the strong pull-down on Lite/Matrix/U.
+    // Reject unrelated PICO boards before touch scanning or LED writes.
+    const auto g12 = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, 1ULL << 12);
+    if (classify_pin_pull(g12, 12) != pull_class_t::down) { return false; }
     if (!measured_)
     {
       measured_ = true; // One touch scan per boot, including retries.
@@ -211,17 +220,17 @@ private:
       esp_rom_delay_us(10);
       const bool matrix_pulls = lgfx::gpio_in(21) && lgfx::gpio_in(25);
       ctx.transaction->restore_start({ 21, 25 });
-      if (!linked || !matrix_pulls) { result->transient_fallback = true; }
+      if (!linked || !matrix_pulls) { result->provisional = true; }
     }
     else if (ratio100 <= lite_limit * reference)
     {
       result->assign(&desc_atomlite);
-      if (!linked) { result->transient_fallback = true; }
+      if (!linked) { result->provisional = true; }
     }
     else
     {
       result->assign(&desc_atomu);
-      if (linked || up1 || down2 || up2) { result->transient_fallback = true; }
+      if (linked || up1 || down2 || up2) { result->provisional = true; }
     }
     return true;
   }
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c5/toughc5.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c5/toughc5.inl
index def3ac19..834dfa83 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c5/toughc5.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c5/toughc5.inl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
   };
 
   static constexpr board_desc_t desc_stampc5 = {
-    { static_cast<board_id_t>(lgfx::board_M5StampC5), "M5StampC5", 0 },
+    { static_cast<board_id_t>(lgfx::board_M5StampC5), "M5StampC5", def_flag_fallback },
     no_power(), no_reset(), no_shared_sd(), no_display_pins(), no_pins(),
     no_internal_i2c(), no_options(), no_pins(),
   };
@@ -45,16 +45,18 @@
   {
   public:
     stampc5_detector_t() : board_detector_t(members_) {}
-    bool signature(probe_ctx_t&) const override
+    bool signature(probe_ctx_t& ctx) const override
     {
-      // The in-package 4 MB flash and absent PSRAM identify StampC5 before
-      // ToughC5 probes any of its GPIOs.
       const auto sys2 = REG_READ(EFUSE_RD_MAC_SYS2_REG);
-      return ((sys2 >> EFUSE_FLASH_CAP_S) & EFUSE_FLASH_CAP_V) == 1
-          && ((sys2 >> EFUSE_PSRAM_CAP_S) & EFUSE_PSRAM_CAP_V) == 0;
+      if (((sys2 >> EFUSE_FLASH_CAP_S) & EFUSE_FLASH_CAP_V) != 1
+       || ((sys2 >> EFUSE_PSRAM_CAP_S) & EFUSE_PSRAM_CAP_V) != 0) { return false; }
+      // Package facts only suggest a board; keep later families from probing
+      // this module's user pins without treating it as confirmed.
+      if (ctx.candidate == nullptr) { ctx.candidate = &desc_stampc5.def; }
+      ctx.family_identified = true;
+      return false;
     }
-    bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&, board_result_t* result) const override
-    { if (!result) return false; result->assign(&desc_stampc5); return true; }
+    bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&, board_result_t*) const override { return false; }
   private:
     static const board_def_t* const members_[2];
   };
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_display.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_display.inl
index e939ac9d..8a211cf6 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_display.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_display.inl
@@ -79,13 +79,9 @@ public:
                           &value, 1, specs::unitc6l::i2c_ioe::i2c_freq, 0)
        || !is_pi4io(value))
       {
-        // GPIO18 alone does not identify UnitC6L. Preserve a known UnitC6L
-        // only on the last retry, without caching the unverified fallback.
-        if (!ctx.final_attempt || ctx.hint != desc_unitc6l.def.id) { return false; }
-        result->assign(&desc_unitc6l);
-        result->transient_fallback = true;
-        ESP_LOGW("board_detect_m5", "UnitC6L PI4IO unanswered; using hinted board for this boot");
-        return true;
+        // Presence and GPIO18 only suggest UnitC6L; never construct on a hint.
+        if (ctx.candidate == nullptr) { ctx.candidate = &desc_unitc6l.def; }
+        return false;
       }
       result->assign(&desc_unitc6l);
       return true;
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_displayless.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_displayless.inl
index 87f84349..3d249585 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_displayless.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32c6/c6_displayless.inl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 static constexpr board_desc_t desc_stampc6 = {
-  { static_cast<board_id_t>(lgfx::board_M5StampC6), "M5StampC6", 0 },
+  { static_cast<board_id_t>(lgfx::board_M5StampC6), "M5StampC6", def_flag_fallback },
   no_power(), no_reset(), no_shared_sd(), no_display_pins(), no_pins(),
   no_internal_i2c(), no_options(), no_pins(),
 };
@@ -21,10 +21,16 @@ class stampc6_detector_t final : public board_detector_t
 {
 public:
   stampc6_detector_t() : board_detector_t(members_) {}
-  bool signature(probe_ctx_t&) const override
-  { return c6_displayless_detail::flash_capacity() == 2; }
-  bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&, board_result_t* result) const override
-  { if (!result) return false; result->assign(&desc_stampc6); return true; }
+  bool signature(probe_ctx_t& ctx) const override
+  {
+    if (c6_displayless_detail::flash_capacity() != 2) { return false; }
+    // Package facts only suggest a board; keep later families from probing
+    // this module's user pins without treating it as confirmed.
+    if (ctx.candidate == nullptr) { ctx.candidate = &desc_stampc6.def; }
+    ctx.family_identified = true;
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&, board_result_t*) const override { return false; }
 private:
   static const board_def_t* const members_[2];
 };
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4.inl
index 39480263..71e00a8e 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4.inl
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ namespace m5
 #include "esp32p4/corep4x.inl"
 #include "esp32p4/tab5.inl"
 #include "esp32p4/unitpoep4.inl"
-#include "esp32p4/stampp4.inl"
 
+// Module revision alone supplies no board evidence; leave defaults to M5Unified.
 #include "generated/esp32p4_detector_order.hpp"
 static const board_entry_t esp32p4_boards[] = {
   { &desc_corep4x, construct_corep4x, "board_M5CoreP4X", nullptr },
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/stampp4.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/stampp4.inl
deleted file mode 100644
index 11ecfac2..00000000
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/stampp4.inl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-static constexpr board_desc_t desc_stampp4 = {
-  { static_cast<board_id_t>(lgfx::board_M5StampP4), "M5StampP4", def_flag_fallback },
-  no_power(), no_reset(), no_shared_sd(), no_display_pins(), no_pins(),
-  no_internal_i2c(), no_options(), no_pins(),
-  };
-static constexpr board_desc_t desc_stampp4x = {
-  { static_cast<board_id_t>(lgfx::board_M5StampP4X), "M5StampP4X", def_flag_fallback },
-  no_power(), no_reset(), no_shared_sd(), no_display_pins(), no_pins(),
-  no_internal_i2c(), no_options(), no_pins(),
-  };
-
-class stampp4_detector_t final : public board_detector_t
-{
-public:
-  stampp4_detector_t() : board_detector_t(members_) {}
-  bool signature(probe_ctx_t& ctx) const override
-  {
-    // A carrier can add pulls to any pin, so StampP4 is only a weak candidate.
-    if (ctx.candidate == nullptr)
-    {
-      esp_chip_info_t info;
-      esp_chip_info(&info);
-      ctx.candidate = info.revision >= 300 ? &desc_stampp4x.def : &desc_stampp4.def;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-  bool confirm(probe_ctx_t&, board_result_t*) const override { return false; }
-private:
-  static const board_def_t* const members_[3];
-};
-const board_def_t* const stampp4_detector_t::members_[3] = {
-  &desc_stampp4.def, &desc_stampp4x.def, nullptr,
-};
-static const stampp4_detector_t stampp4_detector;
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/tab5.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/tab5.inl
index d8e7ab26..2d8c36c4 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/tab5.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32p4/tab5.inl
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ private:
   }
   static void warn_hint_mismatch(const probe_ctx_t& ctx, const board_def_t* def)
   {
-    if ((ctx.hint == desc_tab5.def.id || ctx.hint == desc_tab5x.def.id)
+    if (ctx.attempt == 0
+     && (ctx.hint == desc_tab5.def.id || ctx.hint == desc_tab5x.def.id)
      && ctx.hint != def->id)
     {
       esp_chip_info_t info;
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl
index 81cd3136..ba3f1f40 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/cores3.inl
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@
     constexpr std::uint32_t vbus_5v = generated_options::cores3::vbus_5v;
     constexpr std::uint32_t internal_camera_confirmed =
       generated_options::cores3::internal_camera_confirmed;
-    constexpr std::uint32_t release_probe_unavailable = std::uint32_t(1) << 31;
+    constexpr std::uint8_t release_unavailable = 3;
+    static_assert(release_unavailable != static_cast<unsigned>(pin_release_band_t::short_release)
+               && release_unavailable != static_cast<unsigned>(pin_release_band_t::ambiguous)
+               && release_unavailable != static_cast<unsigned>(pin_release_band_t::long_release),
+                  "Unavailable release must not alias a measured band");
     constexpr int sda = wiring::cores3::internal_i2c_sda;
     constexpr int scl = wiring::cores3::internal_i2c_scl;
     constexpr std::uint32_t i2c_freq = specs::cores3::pmic::i2c_freq;
@@ -81,6 +85,24 @@
           && camera == specs::cores3::i2c_camera::id_value;
     }
 
+    std::uint32_t observe_vbus(probe_ctx_t& ctx)
+    {
+      constexpr std::uint64_t spi_mask =
+          (std::uint64_t(1) << wiring::cores3::display_miso)
+        | (std::uint64_t(1) << wiring::cores3::display_sclk)
+        | (std::uint64_t(1) << wiring::cores3::display_mosi);
+      const auto pull = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, spi_mask);
+      (void)pull;  // FORCE_VBUS still performs/restores the legacy-equivalent measurement.
+      // Unlike the legacy input_pullup sequence, probe_pin_pulls restores the
+      // captured pin modes immediately. Construction's SPI init overwrites
+      // these pins next, so retaining the temporary pull-ups had no effect.
+#if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_FORCE_VBUS)
+      return vbus_5v;
+#else
+      return (pull.pullup_high & spi_mask) == 0 ? vbus_5v : 0;
+#endif
+    }
+
     bool refine_panel(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
     {
       const auto& display = desc_cores3.display;
@@ -188,18 +210,77 @@
       }
     }
 
+    bool fixed_start(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+    {
+      probe_ctx_t probe;
+      static_cast<prepare_ctx_t&>(probe) = ctx;
+      result.option |= observe_vbus(probe);
+      const auto& desc = *result.desc;
+      {
+        startup_detail::i2c_scope_t i2c(*ctx.transaction, ctx.i2c_port_probe, desc.internal_i2c);
+        if (!i2c.opened || !startup_detail::prepare_power(desc, result, i2c.port, true))
+        { return false; }
+      }
+      if (result.option & vbus_5v) { enable_bus_out(ctx); }
+      // Identity is fixed: no capacitance, camera or IOE firmware observation.
+      if (!refine_panel(result, ctx)) { return false; }
+      return prepare(desc, result, ctx);
+    }
+
+    bool stackchan_base_gate(probe_ctx_t& probe)
+    {
+      // Sample one pin at a time: the base couples G6 and G7 electrically.
+      constexpr std::uint64_t mask = (std::uint64_t(1) << 5)
+                                   | (std::uint64_t(1) << 6) | (std::uint64_t(1) << 7);
+      const auto pulls = probe_pin_pulls(probe, mask);
+      const auto high = std::uint64_t(1) << 6;
+      bool gate = (pulls.pulldown_high & mask) == high
+               && (pulls.pullup_high & mask) == high;
+#if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_STACKCHAN_GATE)
+      gate = true;
+#endif
+      return gate;
+    }
+
+    bool stackchan_ack(const prepare_ctx_t& ctx, bool gate)
+    {
+#if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_FORCE_STACKCHAN)
+      return true;
+#else
+      // Initialize once; the ACK loop does not repeat the base's pull measurements.
+      // Software I2C START may recover held SDA on each ACK with up to nine
+      // clocks and STOP.
+      startup_detail::i2c_scope_t i2c(*ctx.transaction, ctx.i2c_port_probe, desc_cores3.internal_i2c);
+      if (!i2c.opened) { return false; }
+      const auto started = lgfx::millis();
+      do
+      {
+#if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_STACKCHAN_NACK)
+        const bool ack = false;
+#else
+        const bool began = lgfx::i2c::beginTransaction(
+          i2c.port, specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::i2c_addr,
+          specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::i2c_freq, false).has_value();
+        const bool ended = lgfx::i2c::endTransaction(i2c.port).has_value();
+        const bool ack = began && ended;
+#endif
+        // In-flight ACK timeout and START recovery may overrun the 50 ms window.
+        if (ack || !gate || lgfx::millis() - started >= 50) { return ack; }
+        lgfx::delay(1);
+      } while (true);
+#endif
+    }
+
     bool refine(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
     {
       if (result.option & vbus_5v) { enable_bus_out(ctx); }
-      const bool capacitance_said_se = result.desc == &desc_cores3se;
+      const unsigned band = result.refine_state;
+      result.refine_state = 0;
       const bool confirmed_before_power = result.option & internal_camera_confirmed;
-      const bool release_was_unavailable = result.option & release_probe_unavailable;
-      result.option &= ~release_probe_unavailable;
       bool has_camera = confirmed_before_power;
       if (!confirmed_before_power)
       {
-        // One post-power read is deliberately retained for GPIO-classified
-        // boards so a now-responsive camera can correct only toward CoreS3.
+        // One post-power read is deliberately retained to recover waking cameras.
 #if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_NO_CAMERA)
         has_camera = false;
 #else
@@ -207,36 +288,72 @@
         static_cast<prepare_ctx_t&>(probe) = ctx;
         has_camera = camera_id(probe);
 #endif
-        if (!has_camera)
-        {
-          // Only an unavailable release probe falls back to the legacy
-          // camera-absence rule; a completed ambiguous probe still biases CoreS3.
-          if (capacitance_said_se || release_was_unavailable)
-          {
-            if (release_was_unavailable) { result.assign(&desc_cores3se); }
-            return refine_panel(result, ctx);
-          }
-          ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "[Autodetect] CoreS3 capacitance indicated camera family, but camera ID was unavailable");
-        }
-        else if (capacitance_said_se)
-        {
-          ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "[Autodetect] CoreS3 capacitance indicated SE, but camera ID matched; using camera family");
-          result.assign(&desc_cores3);
-        }
       }
+      probe_ctx_t probe;
+      static_cast<prepare_ctx_t&>(probe) = ctx;
+      const bool gate = stackchan_base_gate(probe);
+      const bool ioe_ack = stackchan_ack(ctx, gate);
       std::uint8_t firmware = 0;
+      bool firmware_read = false;
+      if (ioe_ack)
+      {
 #if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_FORCE_STACKCHAN)
-      firmware = specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_min;
-      const bool has_ioe = true;
+        firmware = specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_min;
+        firmware_read = true;
 #else
-      const bool has_ioe = read(ctx, specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::i2c_addr,
-                                specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_reg,
-                                &firmware, specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::i2c_freq);
+        firmware_read = read(ctx, specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::i2c_addr,
+                             specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_reg,
+                             &firmware, specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::i2c_freq);
 #endif
-      result.assign(has_ioe && firmware >= specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_min
-                  ? &desc_stackchan : &desc_cores3);
+      }
+      const auto possible = [&](board_id_t id) -> const board_desc_t*
+      {
+        if (id == desc_cores3.def.id) { return &desc_cores3; }
+        if (id == desc_cores3se.def.id && !has_camera
+         && band != static_cast<unsigned>(pin_release_band_t::long_release)) { return &desc_cores3se; }
+        if (id == desc_stackchan.def.id && ioe_ack) { return &desc_stackchan; }
+        return nullptr;
+      };
+      const auto fallback = [&](const board_desc_t* representative, const char* why) -> bool
+      {
+        if (!select_provisional_member(ctx, &result, possible(ctx.preferred),
+                                       possible(ctx.hint), representative, why)) { return false; }
+        return refine_panel(result, ctx);
+      };
+      if (!has_camera)
+      {
+        if (band == static_cast<unsigned>(pin_release_band_t::short_release))
+        { result.assign(&desc_cores3se); return refine_panel(result, ctx); }
+        if (band == static_cast<unsigned>(pin_release_band_t::ambiguous))
+        { return fallback(&desc_cores3, "CoreS3 release ambiguous and camera unanswered"); }
+        if (band == release_unavailable)
+        {
+          // Dedicated GPIO timing can be unavailable from an unpinned task.
+          // Retain legacy camera-absence selection so normal SE boots do not
+          // regress to five retries and an uncached candidate; elimination remains.
+          result.assign(&desc_cores3se);
+          return refine_panel(result, ctx);
+        }
+        ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "[Autodetect] CoreS3 capacitance indicated camera family, but camera ID was unavailable");
+      }
+      else if (band == static_cast<unsigned>(pin_release_band_t::short_release))
+      {
+        ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "[Autodetect] CoreS3 capacitance indicated SE, but camera ID matched; using camera family");
+      }
+      if (ioe_ack && !firmware_read)
+      { return fallback(&desc_stackchan, "StackChan ACK but firmware unreadable"); }
+      if (gate && !ioe_ack)
+      {
+        // An M-Bus module can mimic the base gate, adding at most a 50 ms
+        // new-probe window; an in-flight fixed-time I2C call may overrun it.
+        ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "[Autodetect] StackChan base gate without IOE ACK");
+      }
+      // Older base firmware remains CoreS3, matching the established contract.
+      result.assign(firmware_read && firmware >= specs::stackchan::i2c_stackchan_ioe::firmware_min
+                    ? &desc_stackchan : &desc_cores3);
       return refine_panel(result, ctx);
     }
+
   }
 
   class cores3_family_detector_t final : public board_detector_t
@@ -277,6 +394,7 @@
       has_camera = cores3_detail::camera_id(ctx);
 #endif
       pin_release_band_t family_band = pin_release_band_t::long_release;
+      bool release_unavailable = false;
       if (!has_camera)
       {
         const auto release = probe_dedicated_pin_release(
@@ -287,7 +405,7 @@
         const auto summary = summarize_dedicated_release(
           release, specs::cores3::release_probe::short_max_ns,
           specs::cores3::release_probe::long_min_ns);
-        if (!release.available) { result->option |= cores3_detail::release_probe_unavailable; }
+        release_unavailable = !release.available;
         family_band = summary.band;
 #if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_FORCE_SE)
         family_band = pin_release_band_t::short_release;
@@ -307,26 +425,16 @@
                  unsigned(summary.average_ns), unsigned(summary.valid_pins), unsigned(summary.pin_count));
         if (family_band == pin_release_band_t::ambiguous)
         {
-          ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "[Autodetect] CoreS3 release result was ambiguous; biasing toward camera family");
+          ESP_LOGW("M5GFX", "[Autodetect] CoreS3 release result was ambiguous; awaiting member refinement");
         }
       }
-      constexpr std::uint64_t spi_mask =
-          (std::uint64_t(1) << wiring::cores3::display_miso)
-        | (std::uint64_t(1) << wiring::cores3::display_sclk)
-        | (std::uint64_t(1) << wiring::cores3::display_mosi);
-      const auto pull = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, spi_mask);
-      (void)pull;  // FORCE_VBUS still performs/restores the legacy-equivalent measurement.
-      // Unlike the legacy input_pullup sequence, probe_pin_pulls restores the
-      // captured pin modes immediately. Construction's SPI init overwrites
-      // these pins next, so retaining the temporary pull-ups had no effect.
+      result->refine_state = release_unavailable ? cores3_detail::release_unavailable
+                                                : static_cast<std::uint8_t>(family_band);
+      const auto vbus_option = cores3_detail::observe_vbus(ctx);
       result->assign(family_band == pin_release_band_t::short_release ? &desc_cores3se
                                                                       : &desc_cores3);
       if (has_camera) { result->option |= cores3_detail::internal_camera_confirmed; }
-#if defined(M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_CORES3_FORCE_VBUS)
-      result->option |= cores3_detail::vbus_5v;
-#else
-      if ((pull.pullup_high & spi_mask) == 0) { result->option |= cores3_detail::vbus_5v; }
-#endif
+      result->option |= vbus_option;
       result->refine = cores3_detail::refine;
       return true;
     }
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families.inl
index de6e799c..4ae40475 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families.inl
@@ -240,6 +240,11 @@ namespace m5
                           reg_bit(0, 0), reg_bit(0, 0), ops::no_ops(), ops::no_ops(),
                           { nullptr, 0 }, 0),
   };
+  // Construction configures the panel TE input before display adoption.
+  static constexpr std::int8_t stopwatch_te_pin = GPIO_NUM_38;
+  static const std::int8_t stopwatch_startup_pins[] = {
+    wiring::stopwatch::display_cs, stopwatch_te_pin,
+  };
   static constexpr board_desc_t desc_stopwatch = {
     { id(lgfx::board_M5StopWatch), "M5StopWatch", 0 },
     i2c_power_confirmed(specs::stopwatch::pmic::i2c_freq, stopwatch_pmic_variants,
@@ -253,7 +258,8 @@ namespace m5
     pins(wiring::stopwatch::hold),
     internal_i2c(wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_sda, wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_scl,
                  wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_port),
-    no_options(), pins(wiring::stopwatch::hold),
+    // op_gpio_pins also captures the construction-time TE input (GPIO38) for fixed startup rollback.
+    no_options(), pins(stopwatch_startup_pins),
   };
   static constexpr board_desc_t desc_papermono = {
     { id(lgfx::board_M5PaperMono), "M5PaperMono", 0 },
@@ -465,51 +471,40 @@ namespace m5
 
   namespace detail
   {
+    // Share the injected address between pre-power confirmation and refine.
+#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_STOPWATCH_TOUCH)
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t stopwatch_probe_addr = 0x16;
+#else
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t stopwatch_probe_addr = specs::stopwatch::touch::i2c_addr;
+#endif
+#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_PAPERMONO_TOUCH)
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t papermono_probe_addr = 0x39;
+#else
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t papermono_probe_addr = specs::papermono::touch::i2c_addr;
+#endif
+
     bool refine_papermono_touch(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
     {
       startup_detail::i2c_scope_t i2c(*ctx.transaction, ctx.i2c_port_probe,
-                                       desc_papermono.internal_i2c);
-      const auto touch_answers = [&](std::uint8_t addr, std::uint32_t freq)
+                                    desc_papermono.internal_i2c);
+      if (i2c.opened)
       {
         const auto started = lgfx::millis();
         do
         {
-          if (lgfx::i2c::beginTransaction(i2c.port, addr, freq, false).has_value()
+          if (lgfx::i2c::beginTransaction(i2c.port, papermono_probe_addr,
+                                        specs::papermono::touch::i2c_freq, false).has_value()
            && lgfx::i2c::endTransaction(i2c.port).has_value())
           { return true; }
           lgfx::delay(1);
         } while (lgfx::millis() - started < 200);
-        return false;
-      };
-      bool stopwatch_touch = false;
-      if (i2c.opened)
-      {
-        if (touch_answers(specs::papermono::touch::i2c_addr,
-                          specs::papermono::touch::i2c_freq)) { return true; }
-        stopwatch_touch = touch_answers(specs::stopwatch::touch::i2c_addr,
-                                        specs::stopwatch::touch::i2c_freq);
-        if (stopwatch_touch
-         && lgfx::i2c::beginTransaction(i2c.port, 0x50, 100000, false).has_value())
-        {
-          lgfx::i2c::endTransaction(i2c.port);
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-      if (!stopwatch_touch && !ctx.final_attempt) { return false; }
-      if (stopwatch_touch || ctx.hint == desc_stopwatch.def.id)
-      {
-        // The provisional PaperMono sequence has run. Apply StopWatch power
-        // before selecting it, whether touch replied or the hint is used.
-        board_result_t stopwatch;
-        stopwatch.assign(&desc_stopwatch);
-        if (!i2c.opened
-         || !startup_detail::prepare_power(desc_stopwatch, stopwatch, i2c.port, true))
-        { return false; }
-        result.assign(&desc_stopwatch);
       }
-      if (stopwatch_touch) { return true; }
-      result.transient_fallback = true;
-      ESP_LOGW("board_detect_m5", "StopWatch/PaperMono touch unanswered; using %s for this boot",
+      if (!ctx.final_attempt) { return false; }
+      // Keep the powered member; no second member's power sequence in this attempt.
+      // Later attempts can switch only after unanswered touch with D/D or U/U.
+      result.provisional = true;
+      ESP_LOGW("board_detect_m5", "%s; using %s for this boot",
+               i2c.opened ? "PaperMono touch unanswered" : "PaperMono internal I2C unavailable",
                result.def->name);
       return true;
     }
@@ -537,28 +532,60 @@ namespace m5
       {
         return false;
       }
-      std::uint8_t ioe_id[2] = {};
-      if (!probe_i2c_read(ctx, wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_sda,
-                          wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_scl, 0x4F, 0,
-                          ioe_id, sizeof(ioe_id), 100000, 200))
-      {
-        return false;
-      }
-      // StopWatch can answer before power preparation. PaperMono's touch is
-      // held in reset until its PM1 power sequence, so check it in refine.
+      ctx.family_identified = true;
+      // IOE1 takes hundreds of milliseconds to boot; its presence is not
+      // member evidence. Wait only when its selected power sequence needs it.
       const bool stopwatch_touch = probe_i2c_ack(
         ctx, wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_sda,
-        wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_scl, specs::stopwatch::touch::i2c_addr);
-      if (stopwatch_touch)
+        wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_scl, detail::stopwatch_probe_addr);
+      const bool papermono_touch = probe_i2c_ack(
+        ctx, wiring::papermono::internal_i2c_sda,
+        wiring::papermono::internal_i2c_scl, detail::papermono_probe_addr);
+      const auto pulls = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, (1ULL << 12) | (1ULL << 13));
+      const auto classify = [&](unsigned pin) -> char
       {
-        if (probe_i2c_ack(ctx, wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_sda,
-                          wiring::stopwatch::internal_i2c_scl, 0x50)) { return false; }
-        result->assign(&desc_stopwatch);
+        const unsigned sample = ((pulls.pulldown_high >> pin) & 1)
+                              | (((pulls.pullup_high >> pin) & 1) << 1);
+        return "DXFU"[sample];
+      };
+      const char g12 = classify(12), g13 = classify(13);
+      ESP_LOGD("board_detect_m5", "PM1 attempt=%u touch15=%u touch38=%u G12=%c G13=%c",
+               ctx.attempt, stopwatch_touch, papermono_touch, g12, g13);
+      // Both members carry NFC at 0x50; its ACK cannot exclude StopWatch.
+      if (stopwatch_touch != papermono_touch)
+      {
+        result->assign(stopwatch_touch ? &desc_stopwatch : &desc_papermono);
         return true;
       }
-      result->assign(&desc_papermono);
-      result->refine = detail::refine_papermono_touch;
-      return true;
+      if (!stopwatch_touch
+       && ((g12 == 'D' && g13 == 'D') || (g12 == 'U' && g13 == 'U')))
+      {
+        // Cold PaperMono needs power before touch confirmation, even after its
+        // SD pull-ups rise. This pre-confirmation write also admits StopWatch
+        // with unanswered touch and both IRQ lines low or both driven high.
+        result->assign(&desc_papermono);
+        result->refine = detail::refine_papermono_touch;
+        return true;
+      }
+      const board_desc_t* chosen = nullptr;
+      if (!stopwatch_touch)
+      {
+        if (g12 == 'F' || (g12 == 'D' && g13 == 'U')) { chosen = &desc_stopwatch; }
+      }
+      if (chosen)
+      {
+        return select_provisional_member(ctx, result, chosen, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                         "PM1 member touch unanswered");
+      }
+      const auto possible = [](board_id_t id) -> const board_desc_t*
+      {
+        if (id == desc_stopwatch.def.id) { return &desc_stopwatch; }
+        if (id == desc_papermono.def.id) { return &desc_papermono; }
+        return nullptr;
+      };
+      return select_provisional_member(ctx, result, possible(ctx.preferred),
+                                       possible(ctx.hint), nullptr,
+                                       "PM1 member evidence ambiguous");
     }
 
   private:
@@ -658,8 +685,8 @@ namespace m5
       if (result == nullptr) { return false; }
       // The legacy block skipped the PM1 read when hinted PaperS3 and the
       // GT911 read when hinted PaperDIY; each skip saves up to 200 ms or two
-      // touch-controller transactions, so the hint keeps that meaning here.
-      if (ctx.hint != desc_papers3.def.id)
+      // touch-controller transactions. Restrict these skips to the first attempt.
+      if (ctx.attempt != 0 || ctx.final_attempt || ctx.hint != desc_papers3.def.id)
       {
         std::uint8_t pm1_id[2] = {};
         if (probe_i2c_read(ctx, wiring::papers3::internal_i2c_sda,
@@ -672,7 +699,7 @@ namespace m5
           return true;
         }
       }
-      if (ctx.hint != desc_paperdiy.def.id)
+      if (ctx.attempt != 0 || ctx.final_attempt || ctx.hint != desc_paperdiy.def.id)
       {
         // An ACK alone is not enough to identify the PaperS3 touch controller
         // (DinMeter shares these pins): require the GT911 product ID string.
@@ -738,44 +765,65 @@ namespace m5
         ctx, pulls, sense_mask, wiring::cardputer_adv::internal_i2c_sda,
         wiring::cardputer_adv::internal_i2c_scl);
 
+      // Recovery may resample without release; obtain fresh released levels
+      // before deciding whether these keyboard/I2C lines genuinely float.
+      pulls = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, sense_mask, pull_release_us);
+      const bool vameter_up = (pulls.pulldown_high & pulls.pullup_high & vameter_mask) == vameter_mask;
+      const bool adv_up = (pulls.pulldown_high & pulls.pullup_high & adv_mask) == adv_mask;
+      bool all_floating = true;
+      for (const auto pin : wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::sense_pins)
+      {
+        all_floating = all_floating && classify_pin_pull(pulls, pin) == pull_class_t::floating;
+      }
       const board_desc_t* chosen = &desc_cardputer;
-      bool variant_unanswered = false;
-      if ((pulls.pulldown_high & vameter_mask) == vameter_mask)
+      bool vameter_answers = false, adv_answers = false;
+      if (vameter_up)
       {
-        // INA226 manufacturer ID register FEh is 5449h (TI). The second
-        // VAMeter device must also answer; a probe miss cannot prove Cardputer.
+        // INA226 manufacturer ID FEh is 5449h; its companion must also ACK.
         std::uint8_t manufacturer[2] = {};
-        variant_unanswered = !probe_i2c_read(ctx,
+        vameter_answers = probe_i2c_read(ctx,
                             wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_sda,
                             wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_scl,
                             wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_addrs[0],
                             0xFE, manufacturer, sizeof(manufacturer), 100000, 0, false)
-                          || manufacturer[0] != 0x54 || manufacturer[1] != 0x49
-                          || !probe_i2c_ack(ctx,
-                           wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_sda,
-                           wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_scl,
-                           wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_addrs[1]);
-        if (!variant_unanswered) { chosen = &desc_vameter; }
+                       && manufacturer[0] == 0x54 && manufacturer[1] == 0x49
+                       && probe_i2c_ack(ctx,
+                            wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_sda,
+                            wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_scl,
+                            wiring::cardputer::cardputer_subdivision::vameter_i2c_addrs[1]);
       }
-      else if ((pulls.pulldown_high & adv_mask) == adv_mask)
+      if (adv_up)
       {
-        // The ADV keyboard scanner is a TCA8418 at its fixed 34h address.
-        variant_unanswered = !probe_i2c_ack(
-          ctx, wiring::cardputer_adv::internal_i2c_sda,
-          wiring::cardputer_adv::internal_i2c_scl, 0x34);
-        if (!variant_unanswered) { chosen = &desc_cardputer_adv; }
+        // Read independently when both pairs are high; two answers conflict.
+        adv_answers = probe_i2c_ack(ctx, wiring::cardputer_adv::internal_i2c_sda,
+                                   wiring::cardputer_adv::internal_i2c_scl, 0x34);
       }
+#if defined (M5GFX_AUTODETECT_TEST_FAIL_CARDPUTER_VARIANT)
+      vameter_answers = adv_answers = false;
+#endif
+      if (vameter_answers && adv_answers) { return false; }
+      if (vameter_answers) { chosen = &desc_vameter; }
+      if (adv_answers) { chosen = &desc_cardputer_adv; }
+      // A pressed key or a weak/held line is not evidence for normal Cardputer.
+      // Keep retrying; its displayable provisional fallback takes all attempts.
+      const bool variant_unanswered = !vameter_answers && !adv_answers && !all_floating;
       if (variant_unanswered)
       {
         if (!ctx.final_attempt) { return false; }
-        // A same-family NVS hint is a better last resort than the base model.
-        if (ctx.hint == desc_vameter.def.id
-         && (pulls.pulldown_high & vameter_mask) == vameter_mask)
-        { chosen = &desc_vameter; }
-        else if (ctx.hint == desc_cardputer_adv.def.id
-              && (pulls.pulldown_high & adv_mask) == adv_mask)
-        { chosen = &desc_cardputer_adv; }
-        result->transient_fallback = true;
+        // Only select members compatible with the observed subdivision pulls.
+        const auto possible = [&](board_id_t id) -> const board_desc_t*
+        {
+          if (id == desc_cardputer.def.id) { return &desc_cardputer; }
+          if (id == desc_vameter.def.id
+           && (pulls.pulldown_high & vameter_mask) == vameter_mask) { return &desc_vameter; }
+          if (id == desc_cardputer_adv.def.id
+           && (pulls.pulldown_high & adv_mask) == adv_mask) { return &desc_cardputer_adv; }
+          return nullptr;
+        };
+        const auto* preferred = possible(ctx.preferred);
+        const auto* hinted = possible(ctx.hint);
+        chosen = preferred ? preferred : hinted ? hinted : &desc_cardputer;
+        result->provisional = true;
         ESP_LOGW("board_detect_m5", "Cardputer variant unanswered; using %s for this boot",
                  chosen->def.name);
       }
@@ -796,6 +844,8 @@ namespace m5
     { &desc_dinmeter, dinmeter_probes, sizeof(dinmeter_probes) / sizeof(dinmeter_probes[0]),
       specs::dinmeter::bus_three_wire, wiring::dinmeter::touches_opi_pins, 0, false },
   };
+  static bool fixed_start_atoms3(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+  { return fixed_start_spi_variant(result, ctx, spi_id_member_descs[0]); }
   static const spi_id_detector_t spi_display_detector(
     spi_id_members, spi_id_member_descs,
     sizeof(spi_id_member_descs) / sizeof(spi_id_member_descs[0]));
@@ -910,7 +960,10 @@ namespace m5
       // that populate either NC net.
       constexpr std::uint64_t g21 = std::uint64_t(1) << 21;
       if (!(probe_pin_pulls(ctx, g21).pulldown_high & g21)) { return false; }
-      if (!probe_pin_floating(ctx, 38, 32) || !probe_pin_floating(ctx, 39, 32))
+      // Release for 128 us instead of 32 us so a slow weak pull is no longer mistaken for NC.
+      const auto socket_pulls = probe_pin_pulls(ctx, (std::uint64_t(1) << 38) | (std::uint64_t(1) << 39), pull_release_us);
+      if (classify_pin_pull(socket_pulls, 38) != pull_class_t::floating
+       || classify_pin_pull(socket_pulls, 39) != pull_class_t::floating)
       { return false; }
       constexpr std::uint64_t g17 = std::uint64_t(1) << 17;
       if (probe_pin_pulls(ctx, g17).pulldown_high & g17) { return true; }
@@ -938,6 +991,8 @@ namespace m5
     { &desc_atoms3r, atoms3r_probes, sizeof(atoms3r_probes) / sizeof(atoms3r_probes[0]),
       specs::atoms3r::bus_three_wire, wiring::atoms3r::touches_opi_pins, 5, false },
   };
+  static bool fixed_start_atoms3r(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+  { return fixed_start_spi_variant(result, ctx, atoms3r_member_descs[0]); }
   static const spi_id_detector_t atoms3r_display_detector(
     atoms3r_members, atoms3r_member_descs,
     sizeof(atoms3r_member_descs) / sizeof(atoms3r_member_descs[0]));
@@ -1095,6 +1150,8 @@ namespace m5
     { &desc_airq, airq_probes, sizeof(airq_probes) / sizeof(airq_probes[0]),
       specs::airq::bus_three_wire, wiring::airq::touches_opi_pins, 0, false },
   };
+  static bool fixed_start_airq(board_result_t& result, const prepare_ctx_t& ctx)
+  { return fixed_start_spi_variant(result, ctx, airq_member_descs[0]); }
   static const spi_id_detector_t airq_detector(
     airq_members, airq_member_descs,
     sizeof(airq_member_descs) / sizeof(airq_member_descs[0]), false, airq_signature);
@@ -1168,23 +1225,23 @@ namespace m5
 
   static const board_entry_t esp32s3_boards[] = {
     { &desc_dualkey, construct_displayless, "board_M5DualKey", nullptr },
-    { &desc_cores3, construct_cores3, "board_M5StackCoreS3", nullptr },
-    { &desc_cores3se, construct_cores3, "board_M5StackCoreS3SE", nullptr },
-    { &desc_stackchan, construct_cores3, "board_M5StackChan", nullptr },
-    { &desc_atoms3, construct_atoms3, "board_M5AtomS3", atoms3_success_annotation },
+    { &desc_cores3, construct_cores3, "board_M5StackCoreS3", nullptr, cores3_detail::fixed_start },
+    { &desc_cores3se, construct_cores3, "board_M5StackCoreS3SE", nullptr, cores3_detail::fixed_start },
+    { &desc_stackchan, construct_cores3, "board_M5StackChan", nullptr, cores3_detail::fixed_start },
+    { &desc_atoms3, construct_atoms3, "board_M5AtomS3", atoms3_success_annotation, fixed_start_atoms3 },
     { &desc_atoms3lite, construct_displayless, "board_M5AtomS3Lite", nullptr },
     { &desc_atoms3u, construct_displayless, "board_M5AtomS3U", nullptr },
     { &desc_stamps3, construct_displayless, "board_M5StampS3", nullptr },
     { &desc_capsule, construct_displayless, "board_M5Capsule", nullptr },
     { &desc_powerhub, construct_displayless, "board_M5PowerHub", nullptr },
-    { &desc_atoms3r, construct_atoms3r, "board_M5AtomS3R", atoms3r_success_annotation },
+    { &desc_atoms3r, construct_atoms3r, "board_M5AtomS3R", atoms3r_success_annotation, fixed_start_atoms3r },
     { &desc_atoms3rcam, construct_displayless, "board_M5AtomS3RCam", nullptr },
     { &desc_atoms3rext, construct_displayless, "board_M5AtomS3RExt", nullptr },
     { &desc_atomvoices3r, construct_displayless, "board_M5AtomVoiceS3R", nullptr },
     { &desc_stamps3bat, construct_displayless, "board_M5StampS3Bat", nullptr },
     { &desc_stamps3mini, construct_displayless, "board_M5StampS3Mini", nullptr },
     { &desc_dinmeter, construct_dinmeter, "board_M5DinMeter", nullptr },
-    { &desc_airq, construct_airq, "M5AirQ", nullptr },
+    { &desc_airq, construct_airq, "M5AirQ", nullptr, fixed_start_airq },
     { &desc_stamplc, construct_stamplc, "board_M5StamPLC", nullptr },
     { &desc_dial, construct_dial, "board_M5Dial", nullptr },
     { &desc_cardputer, construct_cardputer, "board_M5Cardputer", nullptr },
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families_setup.inl b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families_setup.inl
index eeddaad9..be3877f0 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families_setup.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/esp32s3/families_setup.inl
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ namespace m5
     display_parts_owner_t out;
     out.bus.reset(make_spi_bus(bus_stopwatch));
     out.panel.reset(make_panel<Panel_StopWatch>(panel_stopwatch, out.bus.get()));
-    lgfx::pinMode(GPIO_NUM_38, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input_pullup);
+    lgfx::pinMode(stopwatch_te_pin, lgfx::pin_mode_t::input_pullup);
     out.touch.reset(make_i2c_touch<lgfx::Touch_CST816S>(touch_stopwatch));
     out.panel->touch(out.touch.get());
     return construct_status(out.release_to(parts));
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/detector_order_constraints.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/detector_order_constraints.hpp
index 58ab1541..4797a86f 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/detector_order_constraints.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/detector_order_constraints.hpp
@@ -31,6 +31,5 @@ static constexpr detector_order_edge_t detector_order_edges[] = {
   { 154, 140 },
   { 31, 22 },
   { 22, 148 },
-  { 148, 150 },
 };
 } } // namespace m5gfx::board_detect
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_detector_order.hpp
index 1b29c740..6ed277d4 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_detector_order.hpp
@@ -8,4 +8,6 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32_d0wdq6_detectors[] = {
   &timercam_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32_d0wdq6_detectors) / sizeof(esp32_d0wdq6_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32_d0wdq6_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp
index c217ae33..f3d3ef2a 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_d0wdq6_wiring.hpp
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ namespace timercam {
 } // namespace timercam
 
 namespace detection {
-  constexpr std::int8_t unconditional_pins[] = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38 };
+  constexpr std::int8_t unconditional_pins[] = { 0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38 };
 } // namespace detection
 
 } // namespace wiring
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_pico_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_pico_detector_order.hpp
index 870e02d6..4900c905 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_pico_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32_pico_detector_order.hpp
@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32_pico_d4_detectors[] = {
   &atom_family_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32_pico_d4_detectors) / sizeof(esp32_pico_d4_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32_pico_d4_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
 static const board_detector_t* const esp32_picov3_detectors[] = {
   &stickcplus2_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32_picov3_detectors) / sizeof(esp32_picov3_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32_picov3_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c3_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c3_detector_order.hpp
index 957d7484..8f80d7b4 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c3_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c3_detector_order.hpp
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32c3_detectors[] = {
   &c3_family_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32c3_detectors) / sizeof(esp32c3_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32c3_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c5_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c5_detector_order.hpp
index 198c1668..880334fd 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c5_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c5_detector_order.hpp
@@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32c5_detectors[] = {
   &toughc5_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32c5_detectors) / sizeof(esp32c5_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32c5_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c61_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c61_detector_order.hpp
index 2b4d8929..2adcf0c8 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c61_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c61_detector_order.hpp
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32c61_detectors[] = {
   &corematrix_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32c61_detectors) / sizeof(esp32c61_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32c61_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c6_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c6_detector_order.hpp
index d0257a79..c4715660 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c6_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32c6_detector_order.hpp
@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32c6_detectors_qfn40[] = {
   &c6_display_family_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32c6_detectors_qfn40) / sizeof(esp32c6_detectors_qfn40[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32c6_detectors_qfn40 exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
 static const board_detector_t* const esp32c6_detectors_qfn32[] = {
   &stampc6_detector,
   &nanoc6_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32c6_detectors_qfn32) / sizeof(esp32c6_detectors_qfn32[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32c6_detectors_qfn32 exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32h2_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32h2_detector_order.hpp
index 4899e030..c70395fd 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32h2_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32h2_detector_order.hpp
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32h2_detectors[] = {
   &nanoh2_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32h2_detectors) / sizeof(esp32h2_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32h2_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32p4_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32p4_detector_order.hpp
index c3dc18f2..ced43319 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32p4_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32p4_detector_order.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32p4_detectors[] = {
   &corep4x_detector,
   &tab5_family_detector,
   &unitpoep4_detector,
-  &stampp4_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32p4_detectors) / sizeof(esp32p4_detectors[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32p4_detectors exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32s3_detector_order.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32s3_detector_order.hpp
index d9586525..7e3fd569 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32s3_detector_order.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/generated/esp32s3_detector_order.hpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32s3_detectors_qfn56[] = {
   &dualkey_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32s3_detectors_qfn56) / sizeof(esp32s3_detectors_qfn56[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32s3_detectors_qfn56 exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
 static const board_detector_t* const esp32s3_detectors_lga56[] = {
   &atomvoices3r_detector,
@@ -23,4 +25,6 @@ static const board_detector_t* const esp32s3_detectors_lga56[] = {
   &pmic_id_detector,
   nullptr,
 };
+static_assert(sizeof(esp32s3_detectors_lga56) / sizeof(esp32s3_detectors_lga56[0]) - 1 <= max_detector_families,
+              "esp32s3_detectors_lga56 exceeds the detection session family limit");
 
diff --git a/src/board_detect/m5/pmic_ops.hpp b/src/board_detect/m5/pmic_ops.hpp
index bc3d5574..377b89e5 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/m5/pmic_ops.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/m5/pmic_ops.hpp
@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ namespace pmic_ops
     ops::i2c_write8(0, 0x09, 0x00), ops::i2c_write8(0, 0x0A, 0x00),
     ops::i2c_bit_on(0, 0x06, 0x17),
     ops::gpio_set_mode(39, ops::gpio_mode_t::output), ops::gpio_write_high(39),
+    // IOE1 boots later than PM1. This power-stage wait starts a relative
+    // 500 ms deadline for new probes; an in-flight I2C call may overrun it.
+    ops::i2c_wait_ready(1, 500, 1),
     ops::i2c_write8(1, 0x23, 0x00), ops::i2c_bit_off(1, 0x13, 0x9D),
     ops::i2c_bit_on(1, 0x03, 0x9D), ops::i2c_bit_on(1, 0x05, 0x99),
     ops::delay_ms(10), ops::i2c_bit_off(1, 0x05, 0x18), ops::delay_ms(8),
@@ -161,6 +164,9 @@ namespace pmic_ops
     ops::i2c_write8(0, 0x09, 0x00), ops::i2c_write8(0, 0x0A, 0x00),
     ops::i2c_bit_on(0, 0x06, 0x17),
     ops::gpio_set_mode(16, ops::gpio_mode_t::output), ops::gpio_write_high(16),
+    // IOE1 boots later than PM1. This power-stage wait starts a relative
+    // 500 ms deadline for new probes; an in-flight I2C call may overrun it.
+    ops::i2c_wait_ready(1, 500, 1),
     ops::i2c_bit_on(1, 0x03, 0x34), ops::i2c_bit_on(1, 0x04, 0x30),
     ops::i2c_bit_on(1, 0x05, 0x04), ops::i2c_bit_on(1, 0x06, 0x30),
     ops::i2c_bit_off(1, 0x13, 0x34), ops::i2c_bit_off(1, 0x14, 0x34),
diff --git a/src/board_detect/ops.hpp b/src/board_detect/ops.hpp
index 96d46a17..f757feec 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/ops.hpp
+++ b/src/board_detect/ops.hpp
@@ -427,7 +427,9 @@ namespace ops
                               const i2c_device_t* devices, std::size_t device_count,
                               const op_t* operations, std::size_t count,
                               const gpio_scope_t& gpio_scope,
-                              const retry_policy_t* policy = nullptr)
+                              const retry_policy_t* policy = nullptr,
+                              void (*wait_ready_finished)(void*, const i2c_device_t&,
+                                                          std::uint32_t, bool) = nullptr)
   {
     auto checked = validate_ops(devices, device_count, operations, count, gpio_scope);
     if (checked.status != op_status_t::ok) { return checked; }
@@ -511,9 +513,16 @@ namespace ops
                                   ? remaining
                                   : (device.wire_timeout_ms < remaining
                                      ? device.wire_timeout_ms : remaining);
-          if (backend.i2c_ready(backend.ctx, device, wire_timeout)) { break; }
+          if (backend.i2c_ready(backend.ctx, device, wire_timeout))
+          {
+            if (wait_ready_finished)
+            { wait_ready_finished(backend.ctx, device, backend.millis(backend.ctx) - started, true); }
+            break;
+          }
           if (static_cast<std::int32_t>(backend.millis(backend.ctx) - deadline) >= 0)
           {
+            if (wait_ready_finished)
+            { wait_ready_finished(backend.ctx, device, backend.millis(backend.ctx) - started, false); }
             return result(op_status_t::timeout, i);
           }
           const auto left = deadline - backend.millis(backend.ctx);
diff --git a/src/board_detect/ops.inl b/src/board_detect/ops.inl
index 39b81888..c6787f8a 100644
--- a/src/board_detect/ops.inl
+++ b/src/board_detect/ops.inl
@@ -67,6 +67,13 @@ namespace ops
     return began && ended;
   }
 
+  inline void lgfx_wait_ready_finished(void*, const i2c_device_t& device,
+                                       std::uint32_t elapsed_ms, bool ready)
+  {
+    ESP_LOGD("board_detect", "power wait_ready addr=0x%02x elapsed=%ums ready=%u",
+             device.addr, static_cast<unsigned>(elapsed_ms), ready);
+  }
+
   inline bool lgfx_gpio_set_mode(void*, std::uint16_t pin, gpio_mode_t mode)
   {
     lgfx::pin_mode_t native = lgfx::pin_mode_t::output;