diff --git a/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/ios/T3ComposerEditorView.swift b/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/ios/T3ComposerEditorView.swift
index 96551d05bbb55..a0c9549ca38dd 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/ios/T3ComposerEditorView.swift
+++ b/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/ios/T3ComposerEditorView.swift
@@ -24,9 +24,16 @@ private struct ComposerControlledDocumentPayload: Decodable {
   let tokensJson: String
   let mostRecentEventCount: Int
   let isNativeEcho: Bool
+  let paragraphDirections: [ComposerParagraphDirectionPayload]?
   let resetGeneration: Int
 }
 
+private struct ComposerParagraphDirectionPayload: Decodable {
+  let start: Int
+  let end: Int
+  let direction: String
+}
+
 private struct ComposerThemePayload: Decodable {
   let text: String
   let placeholder: String
@@ -453,6 +460,8 @@ public final class T3ComposerEditorView: ExpoView, UITextViewDelegate, UITextDro
   private var value = ""
   private var tokensJson = "[]"
   private var tokens: [ComposerTokenPayload] = []
+  private var paragraphDirections: [ComposerParagraphDirectionPayload] = []
+  private var paragraphDirectionValue = ""
   private var requestedSelection: ComposerSelectionPayload?
   private var theme = ComposerThemePayload(
     text: "#262626",
@@ -719,6 +728,8 @@ public final class T3ComposerEditorView: ExpoView, UITextViewDelegate, UITextDro
     }
     let previousSelection = sourceSelection()
     value = document.value
+    paragraphDirections = document.paragraphDirections ?? []
+    paragraphDirectionValue = document.value
     requestedSelection = document.selection
     applyControlledDocument(force: tokensNeedRebuild)
     applyRequestedSelection()
@@ -940,6 +951,7 @@ public final class T3ComposerEditorView: ExpoView, UITextViewDelegate, UITextDro
     let shouldForce = force || hasDeferredForcedRebuild
     let currentSource = textView.serializedText()
     guard shouldForce || currentSource != value || !documentMatchesExpectedTokens() else {
+      applyParagraphDirections()
       updatePlaceholderVisibility()
       return
     }
@@ -955,6 +967,7 @@ public final class T3ComposerEditorView: ExpoView, UITextViewDelegate, UITextDro
     requestedSelection = nil
     textView.selectedRange = displayRange(for: targetSelection)
     restoreBaseTypingAttributes()
+    applyParagraphDirections()
     isApplyingControlledValue = false
     if currentSource != value || previousSelection.start != targetSelection.start || previousSelection.end != targetSelection.end {
       revealSelectionAfterLayout()
@@ -1140,19 +1153,57 @@ public final class T3ComposerEditorView: ExpoView, UITextViewDelegate, UITextDro
     return nil
   }
 
-  private func baseAttributes() -> [NSAttributedString.Key: Any] {
-    let font = UIFont(name: fontFamily, size: fontSize)
-      ?? UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: fontSize)
+  private func paragraphStyle(direction: String? = nil) -> NSMutableParagraphStyle {
     let paragraph = NSMutableParagraphStyle()
+    if let direction {
+      paragraph.alignment = direction == "rtl" ? .right : .left
+      paragraph.baseWritingDirection = direction == "rtl" ? .rightToLeft : .leftToRight
+    }
     paragraph.minimumLineHeight = lineHeight
     paragraph.maximumLineHeight = lineHeight
+    return paragraph
+  }
+
+  private func baseAttributes() -> [NSAttributedString.Key: Any] {
+    let font = UIFont(name: fontFamily, size: fontSize)
+      ?? UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: fontSize)
     return [
       .font: font,
       .foregroundColor: UIColor(composerHex: theme.text) ?? .label,
-      .paragraphStyle: paragraph,
+      .paragraphStyle: paragraphStyle(),
     ]
   }
 
+  private func applyParagraphDirections() {
+    guard !paragraphDirections.isEmpty, textView.markedTextRange == nil,
+          textView.serializedText() == paragraphDirectionValue else { return }
+    let wasApplyingControlledValue = isApplyingControlledValue
+    isApplyingControlledValue = true
+    let selection = textView.selectedRange
+    let sourceLength = (paragraphDirectionValue as NSString).length
+    textView.textStorage.beginEditing()
+    for paragraph in paragraphDirections {
+      guard paragraph.start >= 0, paragraph.end >= paragraph.start,
+            paragraph.end <= sourceLength else { continue }
+      let range = displayRange(for: ComposerSelectionPayload(start: paragraph.start, end: paragraph.end))
+      guard range.length > 0 else { continue }
+      let style = paragraphStyle(direction: paragraph.direction)
+      let current = textView.textStorage.attribute(.paragraphStyle, at: range.location, effectiveRange: nil) as? NSParagraphStyle
+      if current != style {
+        textView.textStorage.addAttribute(.paragraphStyle, value: style, range: range)
+      }
+    }
+    textView.textStorage.endEditing()
+    if textView.selectedRange != selection { textView.selectedRange = selection }
+    let sourceCaret = textView.sourceOffset(forDisplayOffset: selection.location)
+    if let paragraph = paragraphDirections.last(where: { $0.start <= sourceCaret }) {
+      var attributes = baseAttributes()
+      attributes[.paragraphStyle] = paragraphStyle(direction: paragraph.direction)
+      textView.typingAttributes = attributes
+    }
+    isApplyingControlledValue = wasApplyingControlledValue
+  }
+
   private func applyTypography() {
     let font = UIFont(name: fontFamily, size: fontSize)
       ?? UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: fontSize)
@@ -1166,7 +1217,12 @@ public final class T3ComposerEditorView: ExpoView, UITextViewDelegate, UITextDro
     guard textView.markedTextRange == nil else {
       return
     }
-    textView.typingAttributes = baseAttributes()
+    var attributes = baseAttributes()
+    // UIKit selects the paragraph's style when the caret moves; retain its bidi direction.
+    if let paragraph = textView.typingAttributes[.paragraphStyle] {
+      attributes[.paragraphStyle] = paragraph
+    }
+    textView.typingAttributes = attributes
   }
 
   private func applyTheme() {
diff --git a/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/tests/ios/main.swift b/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/tests/ios/main.swift
index 4435b1022161d..7568b2dd116b6 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/tests/ios/main.swift
+++ b/apps/mobile/modules/t3-composer-editor/tests/ios/main.swift
@@ -108,6 +108,45 @@ do {
   )
 }
 
+// Paragraph directions align and read each paragraph without changing source text or caret.
+do {
+  let view = T3ComposerEditorView()
+  view.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 350, height: 200)
+  let text = "React עדכון הקוד בעברית\nEnglish stays left.\n"
+  let start = ("React עדכון הקוד בעברית\n" as NSString).length
+  let count = (text as NSString).length
+  var payload: [String: Any] = [
+    "value": text, "tokensJson": "[]", "mostRecentEventCount": 0, "isNativeEcho": false,
+    "resetGeneration": 0, "selection": ["start": count, "end": count],
+    "paragraphDirections": [
+      ["start": 0, "end": start, "direction": "rtl"],
+      ["start": start, "end": count, "direction": "ltr"],
+      ["start": count, "end": count, "direction": "ltr"],
+    ],
+  ]
+  view.setControlledDocumentJson(String(data: try! JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: payload), encoding: .utf8)!)
+  let input = view.editor
+  check(input.attributedText.string == text, "Source text changed")
+  check(input.selectedRange == NSRange(location: count, length: 0), "Caret changed")
+  let rtl = input.textStorage.attribute(.paragraphStyle, at: 0, effectiveRange: nil) as! NSParagraphStyle
+  let ltr = input.textStorage.attribute(.paragraphStyle, at: start, effectiveRange: nil) as! NSParagraphStyle
+  check(rtl.alignment == .right && rtl.baseWritingDirection == .rightToLeft, "Hebrew must align and read RTL")
+  check(ltr.alignment == .left && ltr.baseWritingDirection == .leftToRight, "English must align and read LTR")
+  view.layoutSubviews()
+  input.layoutManager.ensureLayout(for: input.textContainer)
+  let rtlGlyphs = input.layoutManager.glyphRange(forCharacterRange: NSRange(location: 0, length: start - 1), actualCharacterRange: nil)
+  let ltrGlyphs = input.layoutManager.glyphRange(forCharacterRange: NSRange(location: start, length: count - start - 1), actualCharacterRange: nil)
+  let rtlBounds = input.layoutManager.boundingRect(forGlyphRange: rtlGlyphs, in: input.textContainer)
+  let ltrBounds = input.layoutManager.boundingRect(forGlyphRange: ltrGlyphs, in: input.textContainer)
+  check(rtlBounds.maxX > 340 && ltrBounds.minX < 1, "Rendered paragraphs must use opposite edges")
+  let originalStorage = input.textStorage
+  payload["isNativeEcho"] = true
+  view.setControlledDocumentJson(String(data: try! JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: payload), encoding: .utf8)!)
+  check(input.textStorage === originalStorage && input.selectedRange.location == count, "Echo must preserve text storage and caret")
+  let typing = input.typingAttributes[.paragraphStyle] as! NSParagraphStyle
+  check(typing.baseWritingDirection == .leftToRight, "Trailing empty paragraph must inherit English")
+}
+
 print("composer editor tests passed")
 
 private let dropEditor = ComposerTextView()
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/AppText.test.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/AppText.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..725e269b7652d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/AppText.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { act } from "react";
+import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
+import { expect, it, vi } from "vite-plus/test";
+
+vi.mock("react-native", () => ({
+  Platform: { OS: process.env.T3_MOBILE_TEST_PLATFORM ?? "ios" },
+  Text: (props: { readonly style?: unknown; readonly children?: string }) => (
+    <span data-style={JSON.stringify(props.style ?? null)}>{props.children}</span>
+  ),
+  TextInput: () => null,
+}));
+
+import { AppText } from "./AppText";
+
+function renderText(node: React.ReactNode) {
+  const host = document.createElement("div");
+  act(() => createRoot(host).render(node));
+  const span = host.querySelector("span")!;
+  return { text: span.textContent, style: JSON.parse(span.dataset.style!) };
+}
+
+it("sets the writing direction from plain-string text", () => {
+  expect(renderText(<AppText>סיכום פגישה: Roadmap</AppText>).style).toEqual([
+    { writingDirection: "rtl" },
+    null,
+  ]);
+  expect(renderText(<AppText>Weekly review</AppText>).style).toEqual([
+    { writingDirection: "ltr" },
+    null,
+  ]);
+  expect(renderText(<AppText>12:30</AppText>).style).toBeNull();
+});
+
+it("lets an explicit style win and leaves non-string children alone", () => {
+  expect(renderText(<AppText style={{ writingDirection: "ltr" }}>שלום</AppText>).style).toEqual([
+    { writingDirection: "rtl" },
+    { writingDirection: "ltr" },
+  ]);
+  expect(renderText(<AppText>{["שלום", " 3"]}</AppText>).style).toBeNull();
+});
+
+// Metro inlines Platform.OS, so this branch runs under T3_MOBILE_TEST_PLATFORM=android.
+it("marks the direction only for Android, which ignores writingDirection", () => {
+  const android = process.env.T3_MOBILE_TEST_PLATFORM === "android";
+  expect(renderText(<AppText>שלום world</AppText>).text).toBe(
+    android ? "\u200fשלום world" : "שלום world",
+  );
+});
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/AppText.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/AppText.tsx
index 3ebcc8775f0b1..3af3e85e4332f 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/AppText.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/AppText.tsx
@@ -10,13 +10,17 @@ import {
 import { MOBILE_TEXT_CLASSES } from "../../lib/typography";
 
 import { cn } from "../../lib/cn";
+import { directionalText } from "../../lib/directionalText";
+import { textDirection } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
 
 export type AppTextProps = RNTextProps & {
   readonly className?: string;
   readonly textRole?: keyof typeof MOBILE_TEXT_CLASSES;
 };
 
-export function AppText({ className, textRole, ...props }: AppTextProps) {
+export function AppText({ className, textRole, style, children, ...props }: AppTextProps) {
+  // Plain-string text takes its own reading direction, so Hebrew and Arabic read right to left anywhere.
+  const direction = typeof children === "string" ? textDirection(children) : undefined;
   return (
     <RNText
       className={cn(
@@ -25,8 +29,11 @@ export function AppText({ className, textRole, ...props }: AppTextProps) {
         className,
       )}
       selectionColorClassName={Platform.OS === "android" ? "accent-focus/32" : undefined}
+      style={direction ? [{ writingDirection: direction }, style] : style}
       {...props}
-    />
+    >
+      {typeof children === "string" ? directionalText(children) : children}
+    </RNText>
   );
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.tsx
index 643fe5acbb63d..78e9894be69db 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.tsx
@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@ export function SecretTextInput(props: SecretTextInputProps) {
         className="pr-12"
         accessibilityLabel={props.accessibilityLabel}
         placeholder={props.placeholder}
+        style={
+          props.textDirection
+            ? {
+                writingDirection: props.textDirection,
+                textAlign: props.textDirection === "rtl" ? "right" : "left",
+              }
+            : undefined
+        }
         value={props.value}
         onChangeText={props.onChangeText}
         editable={props.editable}
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.types.ts b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.types.ts
index 37db8e458d28d..e2c4e3ee07319 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.types.ts
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/components/ui/SecretTextInput.types.ts
@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ export interface SecretTextInputProps {
   /** Receives the field's current text, so a submit never uses a stale render of it. */
   readonly onSubmitEditing: (value: string) => void;
   readonly editable: boolean;
+  readonly textDirection?: "ltr" | "rtl";
 }
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/LinkRequestCard.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/LinkRequestCard.tsx
index aee091d9f598e..d6daa1045ec9e 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/LinkRequestCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/LinkRequestCard.tsx
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   type EnvironmentId,
   type OrchestrationV2ProjectedTurnItem,
 } from "@t3tools/contracts";
+import { textDirection } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
 import * as Option from "effect/Option";
 import * as Result from "effect/Result";
 import { useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ import { useAtomCommand } from "../../state/use-atom-command";
 import { ListChoiceRow as SettingsChoiceRow } from "../../components/ui/ListChoiceRow";
 import { SettingsSection } from "../settings/components/SettingsSection";
 import { Button } from "../../components/ui/Button";
+import { directionalText, proseDirectionStyle } from "../../lib/directionalText";
 import { Sheet } from "../../components/ui/Sheet";
 import { RUNTIME_MODE_CHOICES } from "./thread-settings-options";
 
@@ -139,7 +141,12 @@ function PendingLinkRequest(props: {
             : `Link ${target} to this environment`}
         </Text>
         {item.reason.trim() ? (
-          <Text className="font-sans text-sm leading-5 text-foreground-muted">{item.reason}</Text>
+          <Text
+            className="font-sans text-sm leading-5 text-foreground-muted"
+            style={proseDirectionStyle(item.reason, textDirection(item.reason))}
+          >
+            {directionalText(item.reason)}
+          </Text>
         ) : null}
       </View>
       {error !== null ? (
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.test.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.test.tsx
index 8dcfb787478e6..72bbf52f4c9fc 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.test.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.test.tsx
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const harness = vi.hoisted(() => ({
 type Children = { children?: ReactNode };
 
 vi.mock("react-native", () => ({
-  Platform: { OS: "ios" },
+  Platform: { OS: process.env.T3_MOBILE_TEST_PLATFORM ?? "ios" },
   View: ({ children }: Children) => <div>{children}</div>,
   ScrollView: ({ children }: Children) => <div>{children}</div>,
   Pressable: ({ children, onPress }: Children & { onPress?: () => void }) => (
@@ -127,8 +127,12 @@ function setup(questionMarkdown: string) {
   };
 }
 
-it("opens a workspace file link in a question in the thread's file viewer", async () => {
-  using screen = setup("Should I update [probe.md](docs/probe.md:12)?");
+it.each([
+  "Should I update [probe.md](docs/probe.md:12)?",
+  "האם לעדכן את הקובץ [probe.md](docs/probe.md:12)?",
+  "هل يجب تحديث الملف [probe.md](docs/probe.md:12)؟",
+])("opens a workspace file link in the thread's file viewer: %s", async (markdown) => {
+  using screen = setup(markdown);
 
   await screen.pressLink("probe.md");
 
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.tsx
index 12640fdb6e7e8..18f48f0481af8 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/PendingUserInputCard.tsx
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ import type { EnvironmentId, RuntimeRequestId, ThreadId } from "@t3tools/contrac
 import type { ThreadUserInputQuestion } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/thread-requests";
 import {
   markdownProseDirection,
-  textDirection,
+  markdownWithDirection,
   type TextDirection,
 } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
 import { useNavigation } from "@react-navigation/native";
+import { directionalText, proseDirectionStyle } from "../../lib/directionalText";
 import { useRef } from "react";
 import { Platform, Pressable, ScrollView, View, type LayoutChangeEvent } from "react-native";
 import Animated, {
@@ -67,14 +68,6 @@ export interface PendingUserInputCardProps {
   readonly onDismiss: () => Promise<unknown>;
 }
 
-function proseDirectionStyle(text: string, setDirection: TextDirection | undefined) {
-  const direction = textDirection(text);
-  return {
-    ...(direction ? { direction, writingDirection: direction } : null),
-    textAlign: (direction === "rtl") === (setDirection === "rtl") ? "left" : "right",
-  } as const;
-}
-
 function QuestionText(props: {
   readonly markdown: string;
   readonly environmentId: EnvironmentId;
@@ -85,6 +78,7 @@ function QuestionText(props: {
 }) {
   const styles = useMarkdownPreviewStyles();
   const markdown = useLiveThreadLinkLabels(props.markdown, props.environmentId);
+  const direction = markdownProseDirection(markdown);
   const navigation = useNavigation();
   const openPullRequest = useOpenPullRequest();
   const openLink = (href: string) => {
@@ -106,12 +100,17 @@ function QuestionText(props: {
   };
   return (
     <SelectableMarkdownText
-      markdown={markdown}
+      markdown={Platform.OS === "android" ? markdownWithDirection(markdown, direction) : markdown}
       textStyle={styles.nativeTextStyle}
-      writingDirection={markdownProseDirection(markdown)}
-      // Android's renderer aligns relative to each paragraph's direction.
+      writingDirection={direction}
       textAlign={
-        Platform.OS === "android" ? undefined : props.setDirection === "rtl" ? "right" : "left"
+        Platform.OS === "android"
+          ? (direction === "rtl") === (props.setDirection === "rtl")
+            ? "left"
+            : "right"
+          : props.setDirection === "rtl"
+            ? "right"
+            : "left"
       }
       onLinkPress={openLink}
       preserveSoftBreaks={props.preserveSoftBreaks}
@@ -125,13 +124,11 @@ export function PendingUserInputCard(props: PendingUserInputCardProps) {
   const isResponding = props.respondingUserInputId === props.pendingUserInput.requestId;
   const responseDisabled = !canRespond || isResponding;
   const setDirection = markdownProseDirection(
-    props.pendingUserInput.questions
-      .flatMap((question) => [
-        question.header,
-        question.question,
-        ...question.options.flatMap((option) => [option.label, option.description ?? ""]),
-      ])
-      .join(" "),
+    ...props.pendingUserInput.questions.flatMap((question) => [
+      question.header,
+      question.question,
+      ...question.options.flatMap((option) => [option.label, option.description ?? ""]),
+    ]),
   );
 
   const { cardCoverage, cardProgress, maxHeight } = props;
@@ -265,7 +262,7 @@ export function PendingUserInputCard(props: PendingUserInputCardProps) {
                 className="font-t3-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-[1px] text-foreground-muted"
                 style={proseDirectionStyle(question.header, setDirection)}
               >
-                {question.header}
+                {directionalText(question.header)}
               </Text>
               <QuestionText
                 markdown={question.question}
@@ -307,14 +304,14 @@ export function PendingUserInputCard(props: PendingUserInputCardProps) {
                             )}
                             style={proseDirectionStyle(option.label, setDirection)}
                           >
-                            {option.label}
+                            {directionalText(option.label)}
                           </Text>
                           {description ? (
                             <Text
                               className="font-sans text-sm leading-5 text-foreground-muted"
                               style={proseDirectionStyle(description, setDirection)}
                             >
-                              {description}
+                              {directionalText(description)}
                             </Text>
                           ) : null}
                         </View>
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/SecretRequestCard.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/SecretRequestCard.tsx
index bdcef6f48ef7f..5de5b137945e2 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/SecretRequestCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/SecretRequestCard.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   isAtomCommandInterrupted,
   squashAtomCommandFailure,
 } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/runtime";
+import { markdownProseDirection, textDirection } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
 import type {
   EnvironmentId,
   OrchestrationV2ProjectedTurnItem,
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ import { serverEnvironment } from "../../state/server";
 import { useAtomCommand } from "../../state/use-atom-command";
 import { tryOpenExternalUrl } from "../../lib/openExternalUrl";
 import { Button } from "../../components/ui/Button";
+import { directionalText, proseDirectionStyle } from "../../lib/directionalText";
 import { Chip } from "../../components/ui/Chip";
 
 const LOCK_SYMBOL: AppSymbolName = { ios: "lock", android: "lock" };
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ export function SecretRequestCard(props: {
     <View className="mb-3 min-h-9 flex-row items-center gap-2 px-1">
       <SymbolView name={icon} size={13} tintColor={props.iconColor} type="monochrome" />
       <Text className="flex-1 font-sans text-sm text-foreground-muted" numberOfLines={2}>
-        {item.label} · {display.label}
+        {`\u2068${item.label}\u2069 · ${display.label}`}
       </Text>
     </View>
   );
@@ -91,6 +93,9 @@ function PendingSecretRequestForm(props: {
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   // Submit then a tap can both run before a re-render; this guard is synchronous.
   const inFlight = useRef(false);
+  const cardDirection = markdownProseDirection(item.label, item.reason);
+  const placeholder = item.placeholder ?? SECRET_REQUEST_DEFAULT_PLACEHOLDER;
+  const inputDirection = secret ? "ltr" : textDirection(placeholder);
 
   const send = async (reply: SecretRequestReply) => {
     const input = secretRequestAnswerInput(item, reply);
@@ -126,10 +131,19 @@ function PendingSecretRequestForm(props: {
   return (
     <View className="mb-3 gap-3 rounded-[20px] border border-border bg-card-alt p-4">
       <View className="gap-1">
-        <Text className="font-t3-bold text-base text-foreground">{item.label}</Text>
+        <Text
+          className="font-t3-bold text-base text-foreground"
+          style={proseDirectionStyle(item.label, cardDirection)}
+        >
+          {directionalText(item.label)}
+        </Text>
         {item.reason.trim() ? (
-          <Text className="font-sans text-sm leading-5 text-foreground-muted" selectable>
-            {item.reason}
+          <Text
+            className="font-sans text-sm leading-5 text-foreground-muted"
+            selectable
+            style={proseDirectionStyle(item.reason, cardDirection)}
+          >
+            {directionalText(item.reason)}
           </Text>
         ) : null}
       </View>
@@ -179,7 +193,8 @@ function PendingSecretRequestForm(props: {
       {source === null ? (
         <SecretTextInput
           accessibilityLabel={item.label}
-          placeholder={item.placeholder ?? SECRET_REQUEST_DEFAULT_PLACEHOLDER}
+          placeholder={directionalText(placeholder)}
+          textDirection={inputDirection}
           value={secret}
           onChangeText={setSecret}
           editable={!submitting}
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-list-v2-items.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-list-v2-items.tsx
index b6bf0c98e349c..2fd208b39a08a 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-list-v2-items.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-list-v2-items.tsx
@@ -36,7 +36,14 @@ import { canSnooze } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/thread-settled";
 import { threadChipCopyTarget } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/thread-reference";
 import type { MenuAction } from "@react-native-menu/menu";
 import { memo, useCallback, useMemo, useState, type ComponentProps } from "react";
-import { Platform, Pressable, Text as RNText, useWindowDimensions, View } from "react-native";
+import {
+  Platform,
+  Pressable,
+  Text as RNText,
+  useWindowDimensions,
+  View,
+  type TextStyle,
+} from "react-native";
 import type { SwipeableMethods } from "react-native-gesture-handler/ReanimatedSwipeable";
 
 import type { ThreadListProvider } from "../../state/thread-list-environments";
@@ -91,6 +98,16 @@ import { ThreadSearchMatchExcerpt } from "./thread-search-match";
 import { useScaledTextRole } from "../settings/appearance/useScaledTextRole";
 import { PullRequestGlyph } from "../pull-requests/pullRequestGlyphs";
 import { pullRequestStatus } from "../pull-requests/pullRequestStatus";
+import { textDirection } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
+import { directionalText } from "../../lib/directionalText";
+
+function textDirectionStyle(text: string) {
+  return {
+    direction: "ltr",
+    writingDirection: textDirection(text),
+    textAlign: "left",
+  } satisfies TextStyle;
+}
 
 interface StatusLabel {
   // Null when the icon and timer carry the status on their own.
@@ -490,8 +507,9 @@ export const ThreadListV2PendingRow = memo(function ThreadListV2PendingRow(props
                 }
               : undefined
           }
+          style={textDirectionStyle(pendingTask.title)}
         >
-          {pendingTask.title}
+          {directionalText(pendingTask.title)}
         </Text>
         {isDraft ? (
           <View className="flex-row items-center gap-1" style={{ minHeight: titleLineHeight }}>
@@ -1186,6 +1204,7 @@ export const ThreadListV2Row = memo(function ThreadListV2Row(props: {
             isRegeneratingTitle && "opacity-55",
           )}
           numberOfLines={2}
+          style={textDirectionStyle(thread.title)}
           onTextLayout={
             Platform.OS === "android"
               ? ({ nativeEvent }) => {
@@ -1197,7 +1216,7 @@ export const ThreadListV2Row = memo(function ThreadListV2Row(props: {
               : undefined
           }
         >
-          {thread.title}
+          {directionalText(thread.title)}
         </Text>
         <View className="flex-row items-center gap-1.5" style={{ minHeight: titleLineHeight }}>
           {props.hasQueuedMessages ? <QueuedMessageIcon selected={selected} /> : null}
@@ -1506,8 +1525,9 @@ export const ThreadListV2Row = memo(function ThreadListV2Row(props: {
                 isRegeneratingTitle && "opacity-55",
               )}
               numberOfLines={1}
+              style={textDirectionStyle(thread.title)}
             >
-              {thread.title}
+              {directionalText(thread.title)}
             </Text>
             {providerNameLabel ? (
               <Text
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-search-match.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-search-match.tsx
index 8f37235d7b3d2..f6baa76fb3759 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-search-match.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-search-match.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { findSearchTokenRanges, splitSearchText } from "@t3tools/shared/paletteSearch";
 import type { EnvironmentThreadSearchMatch } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/thread-search";
+import { textDirection } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
+import { Platform, View } from "react-native";
 
 import { AppText as Text } from "../../components/ui/AppText";
 import { cn } from "../../lib/cn";
@@ -16,18 +18,9 @@ export function ThreadSearchMatchExcerpt(props: {
     props.match.snippet,
     findSearchTokenRanges(props.match.snippet, props.query),
   );
+  const direction = textDirection(props.match.snippet);
   return (
-    <Text
-      className={cn(
-        props.compact ? "text-sm" : "text-xs",
-        props.selected
-          ? "text-thread-selected-foreground-muted"
-          : props.sidebar
-            ? "text-drawer-foreground-muted"
-            : "text-foreground-muted",
-      )}
-      numberOfLines={1}
-    >
+    <View className="min-w-0 flex-row items-baseline">
       <Text
         className={cn(
           props.compact ? "text-sm font-t3-medium" : "text-xs font-t3-medium",
@@ -42,26 +35,47 @@ export function ThreadSearchMatchExcerpt(props: {
       >
         {isUser ? "You:" : "Agent:"}{" "}
       </Text>
-      {parts.map((part) => (
-        <Text
-          className={cn(
-            props.compact ? "text-sm" : "text-xs",
-            part.highlighted && "font-t3-bold",
-            props.selected
-              ? "text-thread-selected-foreground"
-              : part.highlighted
-                ? props.sidebar
-                  ? "text-drawer-foreground"
-                  : "text-foreground"
-                : props.sidebar
-                  ? "text-drawer-foreground-muted"
-                  : "text-foreground-muted",
-          )}
-          key={part.start}
-        >
-          {part.text}
-        </Text>
-      ))}
-    </Text>
+      {/* Its own paragraph, so the English label cannot set the snippet's base direction. */}
+      <Text
+        className={cn(
+          "min-w-0 flex-1",
+          props.compact ? "text-sm" : "text-xs",
+          props.selected
+            ? "text-thread-selected-foreground-muted"
+            : props.sidebar
+              ? "text-drawer-foreground-muted"
+              : "text-foreground-muted",
+        )}
+        numberOfLines={1}
+        style={direction ? { writingDirection: direction, textAlign: "left" } : undefined}
+      >
+        {/* Android ignores writingDirection; the mark sets its first-strong paragraph direction. */}
+        {Platform.OS === "android" && direction
+          ? direction === "rtl"
+            ? "\u200f"
+            : "\u200e"
+          : null}
+        {parts.map((part) => (
+          <Text
+            className={cn(
+              props.compact ? "text-sm" : "text-xs",
+              part.highlighted && "font-t3-bold",
+              props.selected
+                ? "text-thread-selected-foreground"
+                : part.highlighted
+                  ? props.sidebar
+                    ? "text-drawer-foreground"
+                    : "text-foreground"
+                  : props.sidebar
+                    ? "text-drawer-foreground-muted"
+                    : "text-foreground-muted",
+            )}
+            key={part.start}
+          >
+            {part.text}
+          </Text>
+        ))}
+      </Text>
+    </View>
   );
 }
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/lib/directionalText.ts b/apps/mobile/src/lib/directionalText.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..4ec92b98063d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/lib/directionalText.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { Platform } from "react-native";
+import { textDirection, type TextDirection } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
+
+export function directionalText(text: string) {
+  const direction = textDirection(text);
+  // Android ignores writingDirection; a render-only mark sets its first-strong paragraph direction.
+  return Platform.OS === "android" && direction
+    ? `${direction === "rtl" ? "\u200f" : "\u200e"}${text}`
+    : text;
+}
+
+export function proseDirectionStyle(text: string, setDirection: TextDirection | undefined) {
+  const direction = textDirection(text);
+  return {
+    ...(direction ? { direction, writingDirection: direction } : null),
+    textAlign: (direction === "rtl") === (setDirection === "rtl") ? "left" : "right",
+  } as const;
+}
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/native/T3ComposerEditor.ios.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/native/T3ComposerEditor.ios.tsx
index 437bcda4d012d..4d243ecc4be2d 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/native/T3ComposerEditor.ios.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/native/T3ComposerEditor.ios.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { PASTED_TEXT_ATTACHMENT_THRESHOLD_BYTES } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/text-paste";
 import { PROVIDER_SEND_TURN_MAX_INPUT_CHARS } from "@t3tools/contracts";
 import { collectComposerInlineTokens } from "@t3tools/shared/composerInlineTokens";
+import { composerParagraphDirections } from "@t3tools/shared/textDirection";
 import { composerContextEditorTokens, composerSkillLabels } from "../lib/composerContext";
 import { useComposerModelTokens } from "./useComposerModelTokens";
 import { requireNativeView } from "expo";
@@ -182,10 +183,18 @@ export function ComposerEditor({
 
   const skillLabels = useMemo(() => composerSkillLabels(skills), [skills]);
   const { modelsBySource, modelTokens } = useComposerModelTokens(props.value, models);
+  const editorTokens = useMemo(
+    () => composerContextEditorTokens(props.value, tokens, skillLabels, modelTokens),
+    [props.value, tokens, skillLabels, modelTokens],
+  );
+  const paragraphDirections = useMemo(
+    () => composerParagraphDirections(props.value, editorTokens),
+    [props.value, editorTokens],
+  );
   const chipTextColor = createNativeComposerTheme(theme).text;
   const tokensJson = useMemo(() => {
     return JSON.stringify(
-      composerContextEditorTokens(props.value, tokens, skillLabels, modelTokens).map((token) => {
+      editorTokens.map((token) => {
         const model = token.type === "model" ? modelsBySource.get(token.source) : undefined;
         const record =
           token.type === "context"
@@ -223,16 +232,7 @@ export function ComposerEditor({
         };
       }),
     );
-  }, [
-    props.value,
-    tokens,
-    props.context,
-    skillLabels,
-    modelsBySource,
-    modelTokens,
-    theme,
-    chipTextColor,
-  ]);
+  }, [editorTokens, props.context, skillLabels, modelsBySource, theme, chipTextColor]);
   // Every render resolves against the snapshot history, so a render whose
   // (value, selection) lags the acknowledged native state is stamped behind
   // the native revision and rejected by the editor instead of re-applying a
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ export function ComposerEditor({
     value: props.value,
     selection: isNativeEcho ? null : (selection ?? null),
     tokensJson,
+    paragraphDirections,
     mostRecentEventCount: controlledEventCount,
     isNativeEcho,
     resetGeneration,
diff --git a/apps/mobile/vite.config.ts b/apps/mobile/vite.config.ts
index 2b688fee30ad2..45dc9a0f432db 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/vite.config.ts
+++ b/apps/mobile/vite.config.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const reactTests = [
   "src/components/ui/Dialog.android.test.tsx",
   "src/features/pull-requests/usePullRequestList.test.tsx",
   "src/components/ui/AppBar.android.test.tsx",
+  "src/components/ui/AppText.test.tsx",
   "src/features/files/ZipArchiveView.test.tsx",
   "src/features/pull-requests/guide/useReviewGuide.test.tsx",
   "src/features/settings/SettingsServerControlsRouteScreen.test.tsx",
diff --git a/apps/web/src/bidiPlaintext.browser.test.tsx b/apps/web/src/bidiPlaintext.browser.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..122635ade3f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/bidiPlaintext.browser.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { expect, it } from "vite-plus/test";
+
+import "~/index.css";
+
+function mount(html: string) {
+  const host = document.createElement("div");
+  host.style.width = "600px";
+  host.innerHTML = html;
+  document.body.append(host);
+  return host;
+}
+
+function wordLeft(element: Element, word: string) {
+  const text = [...element.childNodes].find((node) => node.textContent?.includes(word))!;
+  const range = document.createRange();
+  const start = text.textContent!.indexOf(word);
+  range.setStart(text, start);
+  range.setEnd(text, start + word.length);
+  return range.getBoundingClientRect().left;
+}
+
+it("gives plain text its own base direction", () => {
+  const host = mount(`<span id="he">באג: fix parser</span><p id="en">Fix: באג parser</p>`);
+  const he = host.querySelector("#he")!;
+  const en = host.querySelector("#en")!;
+  expect(getComputedStyle(he).unicodeBidi).toBe("plaintext");
+  expect(wordLeft(he, "באג")).toBeGreaterThan(wordLeft(he, "fix"));
+  expect(wordLeft(en, "Fix")).toBeLessThan(wordLeft(en, "parser"));
+  host.remove();
+});
+
+it("leaves explicit dir, code and editors alone", () => {
+  const host = mount(
+    `<div dir="ltr"><p id="dir">שלום</p><span id="inline">שלום</span></div><pre><span id="pre">// הערה</span></pre>` +
+      `<code id="code">x</code><div contenteditable><span id="edit">שלום</span></div>`,
+  );
+  for (const id of ["dir", "inline", "pre", "code", "edit"]) {
+    expect(getComputedStyle(host.querySelector(`#${id}`)!).unicodeBidi, id).not.toBe("plaintext");
+  }
+  host.remove();
+});
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ChatMarkdown.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ChatMarkdown.tsx
index 4cfae88da1745..871b16f63074f 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ChatMarkdown.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ChatMarkdown.tsx
@@ -1455,7 +1455,12 @@ const CHAT_MARKDOWN_COMPONENTS = {
         );
       }
       return (
-        <code {...props} className={className} onDoubleClick={selectInlineCode}>
+        <code
+          {...props}
+          dir="ltr"
+          className={cn("[unicode-bidi:isolate]", className)}
+          onDoubleClick={selectInlineCode}
+        >
           {children}
         </code>
       );
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ComposerPromptEditorTiptap.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ComposerPromptEditorTiptap.tsx
index 5a036e34611ed..276b1b9d63fcb 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ComposerPromptEditorTiptap.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ComposerPromptEditorTiptap.tsx
@@ -1882,8 +1882,9 @@ function ComposerPromptEditorTiptapInner(
             />
             {isEmpty && contextRecords.size === 0 && placeholder ? (
               <div
+                dir="auto"
                 className={cn(
-                  "pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 leading-relaxed text-placeholder",
+                  "pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 text-start leading-relaxed text-placeholder",
                   placeholderClassName,
                 )}
               >
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/GitActionsControl.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/GitActionsControl.tsx
index 7ae210230a612..f11cc4ac5a212 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/GitActionsControl.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/GitActionsControl.tsx
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ import { sourceControlClients } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/source-control-cli
 import { scopeProjectRef } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/environment";
 import { formatDiffCount } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/diff-count";
 import { useOpenLink } from "~/browser/useOpenLink";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 interface GitActionsControlProps {
   gitCwd: string | null;
@@ -1949,6 +1950,7 @@ export default function GitActionsControl({
               <p className="text-sm font-medium">Commit message (optional)</p>
               <Textarea
                 value={dialogCommitMessage}
+                dir={textDirection(dialogCommitMessage)}
                 onChange={(event) => setDialogCommitMessage(event.target.value)}
                 placeholder="Leave empty to auto-generate"
                 size="sm"
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadContextChip.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadContextChip.tsx
index 6ff0852b185e4..30f2122afcca1 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadContextChip.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadContextChip.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { useEnvironmentQuery } from "~/state/query";
 import { ContextChip, ContextChipLabel } from "./ContextChip";
 import { ProjectFavicon } from "./ProjectFavicon";
 import { Tooltip, TooltipPopup, TooltipTrigger } from "./ui/tooltip";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 export function ThreadContextChip(props: {
   record: Pick<ThreadContextRecord, "environmentId" | "threadId" | "title">;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ export function ThreadContextChip(props: {
             ) : (
               <MessagesSquareIcon />
             )}
-            <ContextChipLabel>{title}</ContextChipLabel>
+            <ContextChipLabel dir={textDirection(title)}>{title}</ContextChipLabel>
           </ContextChip>
         }
       />
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadHoverCard.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadHoverCard.tsx
index ae6774a98d76d..a26398f376de5 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadHoverCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadHoverCard.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { ComponentProps, ReactNode } from "react";
 import { TooltipPopup } from "./ui/tooltip";
 import { cn } from "~/lib/utils";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 export function ThreadHoverCardPopup({ className, ...props }: ComponentProps<typeof TooltipPopup>) {
   return (
@@ -23,7 +24,10 @@ export function ThreadHoverCard({
 }) {
   return (
     <div className="flex min-w-0 max-w-80 flex-col gap-2 px-1 py-2">
-      <div className="min-w-0 truncate text-xs leading-tight font-medium text-foreground">
+      <div
+        className="min-w-0 truncate text-xs leading-tight font-medium text-foreground"
+        dir={textDirection(title)}
+      >
         {title}
       </div>
       <div className="grid gap-1.5 pl-0.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground">{children}</div>
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadSearchMatch.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadSearchMatch.tsx
index 5f99304f6b824..4fba456f29e12 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadSearchMatch.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadSearchMatch.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   type SearchMatchHint,
   type SearchRange,
 } from "@t3tools/shared/paletteSearch";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 /** `text` with each range in semibold foreground. */
 function HighlightedSearchText(props: { text: string; ranges: ReadonlyArray<SearchRange> }) {
@@ -22,9 +23,11 @@ function HighlightedSearchText(props: { text: string; ranges: ReadonlyArray<Sear
 /** Why a row matched when its title does not show it: the field and its match. */
 export function SearchMatchHintLine(props: { hint: SearchMatchHint }) {
   return (
-    <span className="truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground/85">
-      <span className="text-muted-foreground/70">{props.hint.label}:</span>{" "}
-      <HighlightedSearchText text={props.hint.text} ranges={props.hint.ranges} />
+    <span className="flex min-w-0 items-baseline gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground/85" dir="ltr">
+      <span className="shrink-0 text-muted-foreground/70">{props.hint.label}:</span>
+      <bdi className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-left" dir={textDirection(props.hint.text)}>
+        <HighlightedSearchText text={props.hint.text} ranges={props.hint.ranges} />
+      </bdi>
     </span>
   );
 }
@@ -38,14 +41,16 @@ export function ThreadSearchMatchExcerpt(props: {
 }) {
   const isUser = props.match.source === "user";
   return (
-    <span className="truncate text-xs text-muted-foreground/85">
-      <span className={isUser ? "text-info-foreground" : "text-success-foreground"}>
+    <span className="flex min-w-0 items-baseline gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground/85" dir="ltr">
+      <span className={`shrink-0 ${isUser ? "text-info-foreground" : "text-success-foreground"}`}>
         {isUser ? "You:" : "Agent:"}
-      </span>{" "}
-      <HighlightedSearchText
-        text={props.match.snippet}
-        ranges={findSearchTokenRanges(props.match.snippet, props.match.query)}
-      />
+      </span>
+      <bdi className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-left" dir={textDirection(props.match.snippet)}>
+        <HighlightedSearchText
+          text={props.match.snippet}
+          ranges={findSearchTokenRanges(props.match.snippet, props.match.query)}
+        />
+      </bdi>
     </span>
   );
 }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadStatusIndicators.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadStatusIndicators.tsx
index 317b4f505c0dd..ecef71f5c5100 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadStatusIndicators.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadStatusIndicators.tsx
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ export {
   resolveThreadPullRequestBadge,
   type ThreadPullRequestBadge,
 } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/thread-pull-requests";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 export interface ThreadPullRequestBadgePresentation {
   readonly Icon: PullRequestGlyphIcon;
@@ -423,7 +424,9 @@ function ThreadPullRequestMiniListItem({
         className={cn("size-3 shrink-0", presentation?.toneClassName ?? "stroke-muted-foreground")}
       />
       <span className="shrink-0 font-mono tabular-nums">#{number}</span>
-      <span className="min-w-0 truncate text-foreground/75">{title}</span>
+      <span className="min-w-0 truncate text-foreground/75" dir={textDirection(title)}>
+        {title}
+      </span>
       {children}
     </>
   );
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/AssistantCitationChip.browser.test.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/AssistantCitationChip.browser.test.tsx
index 667c19fe4718c..9a34fd70c3fab 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/AssistantCitationChip.browser.test.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/AssistantCitationChip.browser.test.tsx
@@ -218,3 +218,27 @@ describe("citation comment popup position", () => {
     expect(rect.right).toBeLessThanOrEqual(window.innerWidth);
   });
 });
+
+describe("citation bidi ordering", () => {
+  it("keeps mixed Hebrew comments readable", async () => {
+    const comment = "סבבה לזה אפשר לעשות defer לאחר כך, מה חוץ מזה?";
+    await using screen = await render(
+      <div dir="ltr">
+        <AssistantCitationChip citation={{ ...citation, comment }} />
+      </div>,
+    );
+    const label = screen.container.querySelector('[data-slot="context-chip-label"]')!;
+    const text = label.firstChild!;
+    const left = (word: string) => {
+      const start = comment.indexOf(word);
+      const range = document.createRange();
+      range.setStart(text, start);
+      range.setEnd(text, start + word.length);
+      return range.getBoundingClientRect().left;
+    };
+    expect(label.textContent).toBe(comment);
+    expect(left("סבבה")).toBeGreaterThan(left("defer"));
+    expect(left("defer")).toBeGreaterThan(left("מזה"));
+    expect(left("?")).toBeLessThan(left("מזה"));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/BidiMarkdownText.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/BidiMarkdownText.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7cc45a6455f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/BidiMarkdownText.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+import { markdownCodeParts, markdownPreview } from "~/textDirection";
+
+export function BidiMarkdownText(props: { text: string; maxChars?: number }) {
+  const parts =
+    props.maxChars === undefined
+      ? markdownCodeParts(props.text)
+      : markdownPreview(props.text, props.maxChars).parts;
+  const content: Array<ReactNode> = [];
+  for (const part of parts) {
+    const text = part.text;
+    if (part.code) {
+      content.push(
+        <bdi dir="ltr" key={part.start}>
+          {text}
+        </bdi>,
+      );
+    } else {
+      content.push(text);
+    }
+  }
+  return content;
+}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatComposer.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatComposer.tsx
index 9426a0b9b9b3e..6d6889b38ed43 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatComposer.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatComposer.tsx
@@ -3633,8 +3633,10 @@ export const ChatComposer = memo(function ChatComposer(props: ChatComposerProps)
                     }
                     placeholderSuffix={
                       offeredPromptSuggestion !== null ? (
-                        <span className="ml-2 inline-flex align-[1px]">
-                          <Kbd variant="outline">⇥ Tab</Kbd>
+                        <span className="ms-2 inline-flex align-[1px]">
+                          <Kbd dir="ltr" variant="outline">
+                            ⇥ Tab
+                          </Kbd>
                         </span>
                       ) : undefined
                     }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.direction.browser.test.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.direction.browser.test.tsx
index d6afda300e2b7..5caf413b88356 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.direction.browser.test.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.direction.browser.test.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ vi.mock(import("../ChatMarkdown"), () => ({
   default: (({ text }: { text: string }) => <p>{text}</p>) as never,
 }));
 
+import "~/index.css";
 import { render } from "../../../test/render";
 import { ComposerPendingUserInputPanel } from "./ComposerPendingUserInputPanel";
 
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ it("reads a mostly Hebrew question set right to left", async () => {
           description: "מסך אחד בכל פעם",
         },
         { label: "Keep it on React 18", description: "English only" },
+        { label: "Squash ל-feature branch (Recommended)", description: "Merge ל-feature branch" },
       ],
     },
   ]);
@@ -67,6 +69,24 @@ it("reads a mostly Hebrew question set right to left", async () => {
     .toHaveStyle({ direction: "rtl" });
   await expect.element(text("Keep it on React 18")).toHaveStyle({ direction: "ltr" });
 
+  await expect
+    .element(text("Squash ל-feature branch (Recommended)"))
+    .toHaveStyle({ direction: "rtl" });
+  await expect.element(text("Merge ל-feature branch")).toHaveStyle({ direction: "rtl" });
+  const label = screen.container.querySelectorAll("span[dir]");
+  const mixed = [...label].find(
+    (element) => element.textContent === "Squash ל-feature branch (Recommended)",
+  )!;
+  const node = mixed.firstChild!;
+  const left = (start: number, end: number) => {
+    const range = document.createRange();
+    range.setStart(node, start);
+    range.setEnd(node, end);
+    return range.getBoundingClientRect().left;
+  };
+  // English words retain their internal left-to-right order in the RTL label.
+  expect(left(0, 1)).toBeLessThan(left(1, 2));
+
   await screen.getByTitle("Hide the question and its options").click();
   await expect.element(text("איך לבצע את המיגרציה?")).toHaveStyle({ direction: "rtl" });
 });
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.tsx
index 4101bed5713ad..089fcad126a4d 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerPendingUserInputPanel.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { type RuntimeRequestId, type ScopedThreadRef } from "@t3tools/contracts";
-import { markdownProseDirection, textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
+import { fieldDirection, markdownProseDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 import { memo, use, useEffect, useEffectEvent, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { BackgroundThreadContext } from "./backgroundThread";
 import { useStableCallback } from "~/hooks/useStableCallback";
@@ -181,14 +181,13 @@ const ComposerPendingUserInputCard = memo(function ComposerPendingUserInputCard(
   }
 
   const promptDirection = markdownProseDirection(
-    prompt.questions
-      .flatMap((question) => [
-        question.header,
-        question.question,
-        ...question.options.flatMap((option) => [option.label, option.description ?? ""]),
-      ])
-      .join(" "),
+    ...prompt.questions.flatMap((question) => [
+      question.header,
+      question.question,
+      ...question.options.flatMap((option) => [option.label, option.description ?? ""]),
+    ]),
   );
+  const labelDirection = (text: string) => fieldDirection(text, promptDirection);
   const questionTextAlign = promptDirection === "rtl" ? "text-right" : "text-left";
 
   return (
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ const ComposerPendingUserInputCard = memo(function ComposerPendingUserInputCard(
         <ComposerBanner.Content>
           <span
             className={cn("min-w-0 truncate text-muted-foreground", isCollapsed && "max-w-1/2")}
-            dir={textDirection(activeQuestion.header)}
+            dir={labelDirection(activeQuestion.header)}
           >
             {activeQuestion.header}
           </span>
@@ -292,13 +291,13 @@ const ComposerPendingUserInputCard = memo(function ComposerPendingUserInputCard(
                       )}
                     </span>
                     <div className="min-w-0 flex-1 flex flex-col gap-0.5">
-                      <span className="text-sm font-medium" dir={textDirection(option.label)}>
+                      <span className="text-sm font-medium" dir={labelDirection(option.label)}>
                         {option.label}
                       </span>
                       {option.description && option.description !== option.label ? (
                         <span
                           className="text-secondary-label text-2xs"
-                          dir={textDirection(option.description)}
+                          dir={labelDirection(option.description)}
                         >
                           {option.description}
                         </span>
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.browser.test.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.browser.test.tsx
index 79e43bba74314..b825179552a78 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.browser.test.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.browser.test.tsx
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import { act, render } from "../../../test/render";
 import { Dialog, DialogPopup } from "../ui/dialog";
 import { ComposerStashMenu } from "./ComposerStashMenu";
 
-function Composer({ dialog = false }: { dialog?: boolean }) {
+function Composer({ dialog = false, firstPrompt }: { dialog?: boolean; firstPrompt?: string }) {
   const composerFormRef = useRef<HTMLFormElement>(null);
   const [entries, setEntries] = useState(
     ["first", "second"].map((id) => ({
       id,
       createdAt: "2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z",
-      prompt: `${id} prompt`,
+      prompt: id === "first" && firstPrompt !== undefined ? firstPrompt : `${id} prompt`,
       attachments: [],
       droppedImageNames: [],
     })),
@@ -67,6 +67,16 @@ const stash = () => page.getByRole("list", { name: "Stashed prompts" });
 const press = (keys: string) => userEvent.keyboard(keys);
 const focus = (element: Element) => act(async () => (element as HTMLElement).focus());
 
+it("reads the visible stash preview independently of its hidden tail and restores the full prompt", async () => {
+  const prompt = `${"שלום עולם תבדוק בבקשה ".repeat(6)}${"hidden English words ".repeat(30)}`;
+  await using screen = await render(<Composer firstPrompt={prompt} />);
+  const restore = screen.getByRole("button", { name: /^Restore stashed prompt: שלום/ });
+  await expect.element(restore).toHaveAttribute("dir", "rtl");
+  await expect.element(restore).toHaveTextContent(prompt.slice(0, 90) + "…");
+  await restore.click();
+  await expect.element(editor()).toHaveValue(prompt);
+});
+
 it("leaves dialog, unrelated input and question button shortcuts alone while the stash is open", async () => {
   await using _screen = await render(<Composer dialog />);
   const input = page.getByRole("textbox", { name: "Search commands" }).element();
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.tsx
index 938c42d32c8c9..0c2f6a6ac16f6 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ComposerStashMenu.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import { RelativeTime } from "../RelativeTime";
 import { cn } from "~/lib/utils";
 import { type PromptStashEntry } from "../../promptStashStore";
 import { ComposerBanner } from "./ComposerBanner";
+import { BidiMarkdownText } from "./BidiMarkdownText";
+import { markdownPreview } from "~/textDirection";
 
 const SNIPPET_MAX_CHARS = 90;
 
@@ -13,6 +15,10 @@ function missingImageCount(entry: PromptStashEntry): number {
   return entry.droppedImageNames.length + (entry.unreadableImageNames?.length ?? 0);
 }
 
+function stashEntryPreviewText(entry: PromptStashEntry): string {
+  return assistantCitationsToPlainText(entry.prompt).trim() || stashEntrySnippet(entry);
+}
+
 function stashEntrySnippet(entry: PromptStashEntry): string {
   const trimmed = assistantCitationsToPlainText(entry.prompt).trim().replace(/\s+/g, " ");
   if (trimmed.length > 0) {
@@ -179,13 +185,17 @@ export const ComposerStashMenu = memo(function ComposerStashMenu(props: {
                 <ComposerBanner.Content>
                   <button
                     type="button"
-                    className="min-w-0 flex-1 cursor-pointer truncate text-left text-foreground/80 outline-none before:absolute before:inset-0 before:rounded-sm focus-visible:before:ring-2 focus-visible:before:ring-inset focus-visible:before:ring-ring"
+                    className="min-w-0 flex-1 cursor-pointer truncate text-start text-foreground/80 outline-none before:absolute before:inset-0 before:rounded-sm focus-visible:before:ring-2 focus-visible:before:ring-inset focus-visible:before:ring-ring"
                     data-stash-restore={entry.id}
+                    dir={markdownPreview(stashEntryPreviewText(entry), SNIPPET_MAX_CHARS).direction}
                     aria-label={`Restore stashed prompt: ${stashEntrySnippet(entry)}`}
                     onPointerDown={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
                     onClick={() => onRestore(entry)}
                   >
-                    {stashEntrySnippet(entry)}
+                    <BidiMarkdownText
+                      text={stashEntryPreviewText(entry)}
+                      maxChars={SNIPPET_MAX_CHARS}
+                    />
                   </button>
                 </ComposerBanner.Content>
                 <ComposerBanner.Actions>
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/LinkRequestCard.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/LinkRequestCard.tsx
index 5aeb5c028cdeb..09ee8a3e46480 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/LinkRequestCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/LinkRequestCard.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import * as Result from "effect/Result";
 import { CheckIcon, LinkIcon, MinusIcon, XIcon } from "lucide-react";
 import { useId, useRef, useState } from "react";
 
+import { markdownProseDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 import { useEnvironmentScope, usePreparedConnection } from "../../state/session";
 import { mintPairingCodeOn } from "../../state/peerPairingCode";
 import { peerLinkEnvironment, useLinkableMachines } from "../../state/peerLinks";
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ import { Dialog } from "../ui/dialog";
 import { Input } from "../ui/input";
 import { Radio, RadioGroup } from "../ui/radio-group";
 import { WizardFooter, WizardHeader, WizardPanel, WizardPopup, WizardSteps } from "../ui/wizard";
+import { BidiMarkdownText } from "./BidiMarkdownText";
 import { WorkLogRow } from "./WorkLog";
 
 const accessLabel = (access: AuthMcpClientAccess) => accessConfig[access].label;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ function PendingLinkRequest(props: {
             ? "Link a machine to this environment"
             : `Link ${target} to this environment`}
         </p>
-        {item.reason.trim() ? <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{item.reason}</p> : null}
+        {item.reason.trim() ? (
+          <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground" dir={markdownProseDirection(item.reason)}>
+            <BidiMarkdownText text={item.reason} />
+          </p>
+        ) : null}
       </div>
       {error !== null ? (
         <p role="alert" className="text-xs text-destructive">
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/MessagesTimeline.logic.ts b/apps/web/src/components/chat/MessagesTimeline.logic.ts
index 9208e409ba205..cb6e9f1a3c9b4 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/MessagesTimeline.logic.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/MessagesTimeline.logic.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   waitingOnSubagentsLabel,
 } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/subagentRuntime";
 import * as Equal from "effect/Equal";
+import { collectAssistantCitations } from "@t3tools/shared/assistantCitations";
 import { shallow } from "zustand/vanilla/shallow";
 import { claudeResumeCompactionAge } from "@t3tools/shared/claudeCompaction";
 import {
@@ -2844,6 +2845,21 @@ function isRowUnchanged(a: MessagesTimelineRow, b: MessagesTimelineRow): boolean
   }
 }
 
+// Each part stops at the delimiter that could begin another match, so a run of `[`, `](` or `](<` stays linear.
+const MARKDOWN_LINK = /!?\[([^[\]\n]*)\]\((?:<[^<>\n]*>|[^\s()<]*)\)/g;
+
+export function visibleUserMessageText(text: string): string {
+  const linkLabels = (segment: string) => segment.replace(MARKDOWN_LINK, "$1");
+  let visible = "";
+  let cursor = 0;
+  for (const match of collectAssistantCitations(text)) {
+    visible += linkLabels(text.slice(cursor, match.start));
+    visible += "\n" + (match.citation.comment ?? "") + "\n";
+    cursor = match.end;
+  }
+  return visible + linkLabels(text.slice(cursor));
+}
+
 export function handoffRunsSignature(runs: ReadonlyArray<HandoffTimelineRun>): string {
   return runs
     .map(
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/QueuedRunsControl.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/QueuedRunsControl.tsx
index 29a99d385573d..387fe9e45a7b0 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/QueuedRunsControl.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/QueuedRunsControl.tsx
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ import type { TimestampFormat } from "@t3tools/contracts/settings";
 import { GuestMessageName } from "./guestMessageStyle";
 import { TimelineRowTimestamp } from "./TimelineRowParts";
 import { FoldedMessageHeader, useScheduledTaskTitle } from "./TimelineUserMessageRow";
+import { markdownProseDirection } from "~/textDirection";
+import { BidiMarkdownText } from "./BidiMarkdownText";
 
 export interface EditQueuedRunRequest {
   readonly runId: RunId;
@@ -503,7 +505,12 @@ function QueuedMessage(props: {
             ) : null}
             {/* In full, like a sent turn: a queued message is read before it is sent. */}
             {props.previewText ? (
-              <p className="whitespace-pre-wrap wrap-anywhere">{props.previewText}</p>
+              <p
+                className="whitespace-pre-wrap wrap-anywhere"
+                dir={markdownProseDirection(props.previewText)}
+              >
+                <BidiMarkdownText text={props.previewText} />
+              </p>
             ) : null}
           </div>
         ) : null}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/SecretRequestCard.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/SecretRequestCard.tsx
index b6cdabb8a7b69..30934f978196c 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/SecretRequestCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/SecretRequestCard.tsx
@@ -25,11 +25,14 @@ import { useAtomValue } from "@effect/atom-react";
 import { CheckIcon, ExternalLinkIcon, LockIcon, MinusIcon, ShieldCheckIcon } from "lucide-react";
 import { useId, useRef, useState, type FormEvent } from "react";
 
+import { cn } from "~/lib/utils";
+import { fieldDirection, markdownProseDirection, textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 import { isSecretsFeatureEnabled } from "../../env";
 import { serverEnvironment } from "../../state/server";
 import { useAtomCommand } from "../../state/use-atom-command";
 import { Button } from "../ui/button";
 import { Input } from "../ui/input";
+import { BidiMarkdownText } from "./BidiMarkdownText";
 import { SecretSourceSelect } from "../settings/SecretSourceInput";
 import { WorkLogRow } from "./WorkLog";
 
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ export function SecretRequestCard(props: {
         icon={<Icon className="size-3.5 text-icon-muted" aria-hidden />}
         label={
           <>
-            {item.label} · {display.label}
+            <bdi dir={textDirection(item.label)}>{item.label}</bdi> · {display.label}
           </>
         }
       />
@@ -94,6 +97,8 @@ function PendingSecretRequestForm(props: {
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   // Enter and click can both submit before a render.
   const inFlight = useRef(false);
+  const cardDirection = markdownProseDirection(item.label, item.reason);
+  const placeholder = item.placeholder ?? SECRET_REQUEST_DEFAULT_PLACEHOLDER;
 
   const send = async (reply: SecretRequestReply) => {
     const input = secretRequestAnswerInput(item, reply);
@@ -145,12 +150,26 @@ function PendingSecretRequestForm(props: {
         document.getElementById(inputId)?.focus();
       }}
     >
-      <div className="flex min-w-0 flex-col gap-1">
-        <label htmlFor={inputId} className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground">
+      <div
+        className={cn(
+          "flex min-w-0 flex-col gap-1",
+          cardDirection === "rtl" ? "text-right" : "text-left",
+        )}
+      >
+        <label
+          htmlFor={inputId}
+          className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground"
+          dir={fieldDirection(item.label, cardDirection)}
+        >
           {item.label}
         </label>
         {item.reason.trim() ? (
-          <p className="text-sm wrap-anywhere text-muted-foreground">{item.reason}</p>
+          <p
+            className="text-sm wrap-anywhere text-muted-foreground"
+            dir={fieldDirection(item.reason, cardDirection)}
+          >
+            <BidiMarkdownText text={item.reason} />
+          </p>
         ) : null}
       </div>
       {link !== null ? (
@@ -195,7 +214,8 @@ function PendingSecretRequestForm(props: {
               data-1p-ignore
               data-lpignore="true"
               data-bwignore
-              placeholder={item.placeholder ?? SECRET_REQUEST_DEFAULT_PLACEHOLDER}
+              dir={secret ? "ltr" : textDirection(placeholder)}
+              placeholder={placeholder}
               value={secret}
               disabled={submitting}
               aria-invalid={error !== null || undefined}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineUserMessageRow.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineUserMessageRow.tsx
index 3fee2134c3f58..5504a2eff7382 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineUserMessageRow.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineUserMessageRow.tsx
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ import { GuestMessageName, guestBubbleClassName } from "./guestMessageStyle";
 import { MessageCopyButton } from "./MessageCopyButton";
 import { promptLinkFor } from "../promptLinks/copyPromptLink";
 import { PierreEntryIcon } from "./PierreEntryIcon";
+import { visibleUserMessageText } from "./MessagesTimeline.logic";
 import { formatBytes } from "../../lib/formatBytes";
 import { Tooltip, TooltipPopup, TooltipTrigger } from "../ui/tooltip";
 import {
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ import {
 import { chatMarkdownClipboardPayload } from "../../markdown-clipboard";
 import type { ChatMarkdownContextReference } from "../ChatMarkdown";
 import { cn } from "~/lib/utils";
-import { markdownProseDirection } from "~/textDirection";
+import { markdownProseDirection, textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 import { useMediaQuery } from "~/hooks/useMediaQuery";
 import { formatChatTimestampTooltip, formatDayAwareTimestamp } from "../../timestampFormat";
 import { WorkflowOpeningBlock } from "./WorkflowOpeningBlock";
@@ -402,7 +403,9 @@ export function FoldedMessageHeader(props: {
     >
       <Icon className="size-4 shrink-0 stroke-2 text-muted-foreground" />
       <span className="max-w-1/2 shrink-0 truncate text-muted-foreground">{props.label}</span>
-      <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate">{props.summary}</span>
+      <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate" dir={textDirection(props.summary)}>
+        {props.summary}
+      </span>
       <ChevronDownIcon
         className={cn(
           "size-3.5 shrink-0 text-muted-foreground transition-transform",
@@ -915,7 +918,7 @@ function UserTimelineRow({ row }: { row: Extract<TimelineRow, { kind: "message"
           <div
             ref={folded ? revealFoldRef : undefined}
             hidden={folded && !expanded}
-            dir={markdownProseDirection(resolvedContext.text)}
+            dir={markdownProseDirection(visibleUserMessageText(resolvedContext.text))}
             className={cn(
               folded && "px-3 pb-3",
               folded && !ctx.findActive && "max-h-96 overflow-auto",
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/V2LifecycleRow.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/V2LifecycleRow.tsx
index 40fffaf608412..812580c889431 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/V2LifecycleRow.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/V2LifecycleRow.tsx
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ import { TimelineSystemDivider } from "./TimelineSystemDivider";
 import { subagentResumedSince } from "./V2LifecycleRow.logic";
 import { Button, InlineButton } from "../ui/button";
 import { T3Wordmark } from "../T3Wordmark";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 export type { HandoffTimelineRun } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/handoff";
 
@@ -115,7 +116,10 @@ export function V2LifecycleRow(props: {
           <span className="flex size-9 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-muted/60">
             <MessageSquareIcon className="size-4 text-secondary-label" aria-hidden />
           </span>
-          <span className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-sm font-medium">
+          <span
+            dir={textDirection(item.title ?? "")}
+            className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-left text-sm font-medium"
+          >
             {item.title ?? "Created thread"}
           </span>
           <Button
@@ -133,7 +137,17 @@ export function V2LifecycleRow(props: {
       <WorkLogRow
         data-v2-item-type={item.type}
         icon={<T3Wordmark className="size-4 text-icon-muted" aria-hidden />}
-        label={<>Created thread{item.title ? ` · ${item.title}` : ""}</>}
+        label={
+          <>
+            Created thread
+            {item.title ? (
+              <>
+                {" · "}
+                <span dir={textDirection(item.title)}>{item.title}</span>
+              </>
+            ) : null}
+          </>
+        }
         trailing={
           <InlineButton
             aria-label={`Open ${item.title ?? "created thread"}`}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/contextChipParts.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/contextChipParts.tsx
index a5eb5d64fa516..7f06f2f1669b8 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/contextChipParts.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/contextChipParts.tsx
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ export function ContextChipPopover(props: {
   kind: ContextChipKind;
   icon: ReactNode;
   label: string;
+  labelDir?: ComponentProps<typeof ContextChipLabel>["dir"];
   copyMarkdown?: string | undefined;
   accessibleLabel: string;
   /** Overrides the kind's accent color. */
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ export function ContextChipPopover(props: {
         }
       >
         {props.icon}
-        <ContextChipLabel>{props.label}</ContextChipLabel>
+        <ContextChipLabel dir={props.labelDir}>{props.label}</ContextChipLabel>
       </PopoverTrigger>
       <PopoverPopup side="top" width="lg" padding="compact">
         <PopoverTitle className="sr-only">{props.accessibleLabel}</PopoverTitle>
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/guest/GuestPage.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/guest/GuestPage.tsx
index 7ac90687b227c..9ac5d81e2c21c 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/guest/GuestPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/guest/GuestPage.tsx
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ import {
   unplacedGuestMessages,
 } from "./guestStream.logic";
 import { guestTurnItemSource } from "./guestTurnItemSource";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 interface GuestEntry {
   /** Unspent invite from the URL hash, if this load came from a link. */
@@ -763,6 +764,7 @@ function GuestComposer({
         rows={2}
         maxLength={GUEST_MESSAGE_MAX_LENGTH}
         value={text}
+        dir={textDirection(text)}
         onChange={(event) => setText(event.target.value)}
         onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
         onPaste={onPaste}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestCommentForm.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestCommentForm.tsx
index cf0ff1ab468c2..d38113463fbbd 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestCommentForm.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestCommentForm.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
 } from "./PullRequestMarkdownTextarea";
 import { pullRequestReviewKey } from "./pullRequestReviewStore";
 import { useInlineActionConfirm } from "./useInlineActionConfirm";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 export function PullRequestCommentForm({
   environmentId,
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@ export function PullRequestCommentForm({
         disabled={locked}
         readOnly={speech.freezesEditor}
         value={body}
+        dir={textDirection(body)}
         rows={3}
         placeholder="Leave a comment"
         aria-label={`Comment on this ${sourceControlClients.get(detail.provider).changeRequest.singular}`}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestDetailCrumbs.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestDetailCrumbs.tsx
index 593f9bd9587a3..4e2a3bcf1e4b6 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestDetailCrumbs.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestDetailCrumbs.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { readLocalApi } from "~/localApi";
 import { Button } from "../ui/button";
 import { Tooltip, TooltipPopup, TooltipTrigger } from "../ui/tooltip";
 import { openOnHostLabel, showPullRequestLinkContextMenu } from "./pullRequestLinkContextMenu";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 interface CrumbsPullRequest {
   readonly url: string;
@@ -178,7 +179,10 @@ export function PullRequestDetailCrumbs({
             <Tooltip>
               <TooltipTrigger
                 render={
-                  <span className="min-w-0 truncate font-medium text-foreground">
+                  <span
+                    className="min-w-0 truncate font-medium text-foreground"
+                    dir={textDirection(detail.title)}
+                  >
                     {detail.title}
                   </span>
                 }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestGhosts.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestGhosts.tsx
index c0f7b1959d9e0..e16e2db9e5f80 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestGhosts.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestGhosts.tsx
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import {
   pullRequestChecksStatePresentation,
   resolvePullRequestState,
 } from "./pullRequestPresentation";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 function GhostBar({ className }: { className?: string | undefined }) {
   return <span aria-hidden className={cn("block h-3 rounded bg-muted-foreground/15", className)} />;
@@ -195,7 +196,12 @@ export function PullRequestDetailGhost({
               title={
                 <PullRequestDetailTitleRow>
                   {seed ? (
-                    <h1 className="truncate text-base font-semibold leading-snug">{seed.title}</h1>
+                    <h1
+                      className="truncate text-base font-semibold leading-snug"
+                      dir={textDirection(seed.title)}
+                    >
+                      {seed.title}
+                    </h1>
                   ) : (
                     <GhostBar className="h-5 w-4/5 max-w-md" />
                   )}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestLinkPreview.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestLinkPreview.tsx
index 4d5668937880e..fa0638e39dff2 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestLinkPreview.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestLinkPreview.tsx
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import {
   PullRequestReviewOutcomeBadge,
   resolvePullRequestState,
 } from "./pullRequestPresentation";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 interface PullRequestLinkPreviewTarget {
   readonly environmentId: EnvironmentId;
@@ -161,7 +162,10 @@ export function PullRequestLinkPreview({
                 ) : subject?.kind === "commit" ? (
                   <LinkedCommit commit={subject.commit} />
                 ) : (
-                  <p className="mt-1 text-sm font-medium leading-snug text-foreground text-pretty">
+                  <p
+                    className="mt-1 text-sm font-medium leading-snug text-foreground text-pretty"
+                    dir={textDirection(card.title)}
+                  >
                     {card.title}
                   </p>
                 )}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestMarkdownEditor.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestMarkdownEditor.tsx
index 2ff293f95717f..49d618ddd9aac 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestMarkdownEditor.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestMarkdownEditor.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { readEnvironmentScope, useEnvironmentScope } from "~/state/session";
 import { Button } from "../ui/button";
 import { Toggle, ToggleGroup } from "../ui/toggle-group";
 import { PullRequestMarkdown } from "./PullRequestMarkdown";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 import {
   PullRequestMarkdownTextarea,
   type PullRequestCompletionScope,
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ export function PullRequestMarkdownEditor({
           disabled={saving}
           completionScope={completionScope}
           value={draft}
+          dir={textDirection(draft)}
           rows={6}
           placeholder={placeholder}
           aria-label={label}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewAnnotation.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewAnnotation.tsx
index 1b95a1a563aab..5a5e96c356bbb 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewAnnotation.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewAnnotation.tsx
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import { PullRequestMarkdown } from "./PullRequestMarkdown";
 import { PullRequestMarkdownEditor } from "./PullRequestMarkdownEditor";
 import { PullRequestReactionBar } from "./PullRequestReactions";
 import type { PendingReviewComment } from "./pullRequestReviewStore";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 import {
   PullRequestMarkdownTextarea,
   type PullRequestCompletionScope,
@@ -441,6 +442,7 @@ export function ReviewThreadCard({
                       size="sm"
                       completionScope={completionScope}
                       value={reply}
+                      dir={textDirection(reply)}
                       placeholder="Reply"
                       aria-label="Reply to this conversation"
                       onValueChange={setReply}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewForm.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewForm.tsx
index 6a50a758f30bb..e37c90df1672e 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewForm.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestReviewForm.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   usePendingReviewComments,
   usePullRequestReviewStore,
 } from "./pullRequestReviewStore";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 import {
   PullRequestMarkdownTextarea,
   type PullRequestCompletionScope,
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ export function PullRequestReviewForm({
         rows={3}
         readOnly={speech.freezesEditor}
         value={body}
+        dir={textDirection(body)}
         placeholder={placeholder}
         aria-label="Review summary"
         onValueChange={(next) => setSummary(reviewKey, next)}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestRow.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestRow.tsx
index 71fbf1100d554..f9fe1682badb3 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestRow.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestRow.tsx
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   PullRequestRowLines,
 } from "./PullRequestListRow";
 import { PullRequestLabelChip, PullRequestReviewDecisionGlyph } from "./pullRequestPresentation";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 const LABEL_SLOTS = [
   { overflow: "@xl/pr-row-meta:hidden" },
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ function PullRequestRowImpl({
               #{entry.number}
             </span>
           }
-          title={entry.title}
+          title={<span dir={textDirection(entry.title)}>{entry.title}</span>}
           signals={
             <>
               {entry.checksState === undefined ? null : (
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestTitleEditor.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestTitleEditor.tsx
index ce6e8a801074d..0353f90d1edbd 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestTitleEditor.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/pullRequest/PullRequestTitleEditor.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { PullRequestDetailTitleRow } from "./PullRequestDetailLayout";
 import { PullRequestEditButton } from "./PullRequestEditButton";
 import { readableFailure } from "./pullRequestDetail.logic";
 import { canEditPullRequestChangeRequest } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/pull-request-editing";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 /** The pull request title, which the reader can rename in place when the host allows it. */
 export function PullRequestTitleEditor({
@@ -72,7 +73,10 @@ export function PullRequestTitleEditor({
         <Tooltip>
           <TooltipTrigger
             render={
-              <h1 className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-base font-semibold leading-snug">
+              <h1
+                className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-base font-semibold leading-snug"
+                dir={textDirection(detail.title)}
+              >
                 {detail.title}
               </h1>
             }
@@ -95,6 +99,7 @@ export function PullRequestTitleEditor({
         size="sm"
         disabled={titleSaving}
         value={titleDraft}
+        dir={textDirection(titleDraft)}
         aria-label={`${capitalizeTerm(sourceControlClients.get(detail.provider).changeRequest.singular)} title`}
         onChange={(event) => setTitleScope({ pullRequestKey, text: event.target.value })}
         onKeyDown={(event) => {
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/settings/BranchNamingSettings.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/settings/BranchNamingSettings.tsx
index d5365e8c912b3..2e6464fdc3a47 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/settings/BranchNamingSettings.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/settings/BranchNamingSettings.tsx
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ export function BranchNamingSettings() {
               }}
               rows={4}
               defaultValue={instructionsMixed ? "" : settings.branchNameInstructions}
+              dir="auto"
               placeholder={
                 instructionsMixed
                   ? "Mixed. Enter instructions to apply to all selected targets."
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/settings/ScheduledTasksSettings.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/settings/ScheduledTasksSettings.tsx
index b5b01ddd58b51..142dd314c2dd0 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/settings/ScheduledTasksSettings.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/settings/ScheduledTasksSettings.tsx
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ import {
   SettingsSection,
   SETTINGS_PICKER_TRIGGER_CLASSNAME,
 } from "./settingsLayout";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 const WEEKDAY_ORDER = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0] as const;
 const WEEKDAY_SHORT = ["Su", "Mo", "Tu", "We", "Th", "Fr", "Sa"] as const;
@@ -1767,6 +1768,7 @@ function ScheduledTaskEditorForm({
               className="max-h-64 overflow-y-auto"
               placeholder="What should the agent do each time this runs?"
               value={draft.prompt}
+              dir={textDirection(draft.prompt)}
               onChange={(event) =>
                 setDraft((current) => ({ ...current, prompt: event.target.value }))
               }
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/settings/SourceControlWritingSettings.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/settings/SourceControlWritingSettings.tsx
index 6270639f4c167..31c4a3c881c72 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/settings/SourceControlWritingSettings.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/settings/SourceControlWritingSettings.tsx
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import {
 } from "./settingsLayout";
 import { AdvancedSettings } from "./AdvancedSettings";
 import { searchableSetting } from "./settingsSearch";
+import { textDirection } from "~/textDirection";
 
 const MODE_OPTIONS: Record<SourceControlWritingStyleMode, { label: string; description: string }> =
   {
@@ -256,6 +257,7 @@ export function SourceControlWritingSettingsSection() {
               <>
                 <Textarea
                   value={allInstructions ?? ""}
+                  dir={textDirection(allInstructions ?? "")}
                   onChange={(event) => setAllInstructions(event.target.value)}
                   rows={4}
                   aria-label="Custom commit and pull request instructions for all selected environments"
@@ -298,6 +300,7 @@ export function SourceControlWritingSettingsSection() {
               key={style.customInstructions}
               ref={customInstructionsRef}
               defaultValue={style.customInstructions}
+              dir="auto"
               onBlur={(event) => {
                 const customInstructions = event.target.value.trim();
                 if (customInstructions !== style.customInstructions) {
@@ -456,6 +459,7 @@ export function SourceControlWritingSettingsSection() {
                 }}
                 rows={4}
                 defaultValue={mixedReviewGuideInstructions ? "" : settings.reviewGuideInstructions}
+                dir="auto"
                 placeholder={
                   mixedReviewGuideInstructions
                     ? "Mixed. Enter instructions to apply to all selected targets."
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/settings/ThreadTitleInstructionsSettings.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/settings/ThreadTitleInstructionsSettings.tsx
index 08797e2391d77..9d90368096313 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/settings/ThreadTitleInstructionsSettings.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/settings/ThreadTitleInstructionsSettings.tsx
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ export function ThreadTitleInstructionsSettings() {
           }}
           rows={4}
           defaultValue={mixed ? "" : settings.threadTitleInstructions}
+          dir="auto"
           placeholder={
             mixed
               ? "Mixed. Enter instructions to apply to all selected targets."
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarDraftBlock.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarDraftBlock.tsx
index 7ac90c0d48219..a8af83668c057 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarDraftBlock.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarDraftBlock.tsx
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ import {
   type DraftSessionState,
 } from "../../composerDraftStore";
 import { draftPenClassName, draftSurfaceClassName } from "./SidebarThreadRow";
+import { markdownProseDirection } from "~/textDirection";
+import { BidiMarkdownText } from "../chat/BidiMarkdownText";
 
 const SidebarDraftRow = memo(function SidebarDraftRow(props: {
   draftId: DraftId;
@@ -126,7 +128,12 @@ const SidebarDraftRow = memo(function SidebarDraftRow(props: {
               </Tooltip>
             </span>
           </div>
-          <div className="mt-0.5 truncate text-sm font-medium text-foreground/90">{preview}</div>
+          <div
+            className="mt-0.5 truncate text-sm font-medium text-foreground/90"
+            dir={markdownProseDirection(preview)}
+          >
+            <BidiMarkdownText text={preview} />
+          </div>
         </div>
       </div>
     </li>
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx
index 9098782006ef3..16287ad0aad90 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ const SidebarThreadRow = memo(function SidebarThreadRow(props: SidebarThreadRowP
   ) : (
     <span
       className={cn(
-        "min-w-0 flex-1 text-start text-sm transition-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none",
+        "min-w-0 flex-1 text-left text-sm transition-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none",
         shouldRecede ? "font-normal" : "font-medium",
         variant !== "slim"
           ? cn(
@@ -1774,13 +1774,14 @@ export const SidebarSearchResultRow = memo(function SidebarSearchResultRow(props
             <span className="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2.5">
               <span
                 className={cn(
-                  "min-w-0 flex-1 truncate",
+                  "min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-left",
                   props.isSettled
                     ? "font-normal text-secondary-label/70 group-hover/sidebar-row:text-foreground"
                     : "font-medium text-foreground",
                   (props.isHighlighted || props.isRouteActive) && "text-foreground",
                   thread.titleRegeneration != null && "opacity-55",
                 )}
+                dir={textDirection(thread.title)}
               >
                 {thread.title}
               </span>
diff --git a/apps/web/src/index.css b/apps/web/src/index.css
index 0f9942e3295ee..23028d420863d 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/index.css
+++ b/apps/web/src/index.css
@@ -714,6 +714,20 @@ html[data-mobile-composer-route-transition="true"]::view-transition-old(t3-mobil
   * {
     @apply border-border outline-ring/50;
   }
+  /* Each text block takes its own base direction from its first strong letter, so Hebrew and
+     Arabic titles read right to left anywhere. Text under an explicit dir (majority-based
+     prose), code and editors keep their own handling. */
+  :where(p, span, div, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, td, th, label, a, button, dt, dd):not(
+    [dir],
+    [dir] *,
+    pre *,
+    code,
+    code *,
+    [contenteditable] *,
+    .xterm *
+  ) {
+    unicode-bidi: plaintext;
+  }
   /* The app's 2px outlines stay inside controls at clipped and scrollport edges. */
   *,
   ::before,
diff --git a/apps/web/src/textDirection.test.ts b/apps/web/src/textDirection.test.ts
index 0aa7b3c9e1f96..8acd7cb3c9a78 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/textDirection.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/textDirection.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vite-plus/test";
 
-import { markdownProseDirection, textDirection } from "./textDirection";
+import {
+  composerParagraphDirections,
+  fieldDirection,
+  markdownCodeParts,
+  markdownPreview,
+  markdownProseDirection,
+  markdownWithDirection,
+  textDirection,
+} from "./textDirection";
 
 describe("textDirection", () => {
   it.each([
@@ -77,6 +85,15 @@ describe("markdownProseDirection", () => {
     ["Hebrew around a URL", "ראה https://github.com/pingdotgg/t3code/pull/24050 לפני", "rtl"],
     ["English around inline code", "Should I edit `useMemo` or keep it?", "ltr"],
     ["English quoting one Hebrew word", "Please check the שלום label before the release", "ltr"],
+    [
+      "a fence-looking line with trailing text inside code",
+      "```js\nconst x = 1;\n```not a close\nשלום שלום שלום שלום שלום שלום\n```\nDone",
+      "ltr",
+    ],
+    ["a shorter fence inside code", "````js\n```\nשלום שלום שלום\n````\nDone", "ltr"],
+    ["a different fence marker inside code", "~~~js\n```\nשלום שלום שלום\n~~~\nDone", "ltr"],
+    ["code nested in a block quote", "> ```js\n> שלום שלום שלום\n> ```\nDone", "ltr"],
+    ["a valid longer closing fence", "```js\nשלום שלום שלום\n````  \nDone", "ltr"],
   ])("reads %s", (_, markdown, direction) => {
     expect(markdownProseDirection(markdown)).toBe(direction);
   });
@@ -84,4 +101,123 @@ describe("markdownProseDirection", () => {
   it("leaves markdown without prose letters to its surroundings", () => {
     expect(markdownProseDirection("```\nconst a = 1;\n```")).toBeUndefined();
   });
+
+  it("keeps unclosed fences inside their own question field", () => {
+    expect(markdownProseDirection("Question\n```ts\nx", "בחר באפשרות הזאת בבקשה")).toBe("rtl");
+  });
+});
+
+it("reads only the visible preview prose without losing truncated code boundaries", () => {
+  const text = `שלום עולם בבקשה תבדוק עכשיו\n\`run({ items: [1, 2] })\` ${"hidden English words ".repeat(20)}`;
+  const preview = markdownPreview(text, 42);
+  expect(preview.direction).toBe("rtl");
+  expect(preview.parts.map((part) => part.text).join("")).toBe(
+    text.replace(/\s+/g, " ").slice(0, 42) + "…",
+  );
+  expect(preview.parts.at(-1)?.code).toBe(true);
+});
+
+it("seeds native paragraphs without changing Markdown block structure or code", () => {
+  expect(markdownWithDirection("[!NOTE]", "rtl")).toBe("\u200f[!NOTE]");
+  for (const image of [
+    "![diagram](https://example.com/a.png)",
+    "[![diagram](https://example.com/a.png)](https://example.com)",
+    "![diagram][image]\n\n[image]: https://example.com/a.png",
+  ]) {
+    expect(markdownWithDirection(image, "rtl")).toBe(image);
+  }
+  const rich =
+    "| Name | Value |\n| --- | --- |\n| React | עברית |\n\n- [ ] React שינוי\n\n> [!NOTE]\n> React עדכון\n\n$$\nx^2\n$$\n\nReact המשך";
+  expect(markdownWithDirection(rich, "rtl")).toBe(
+    "| Name | Value |\n| --- | --- |\n| React | עברית |\n\n- [ ] \u200fReact שינוי\n\n> [!NOTE]\n> \u200fReact עדכון\n\n$$\nx^2\n$$\n\n\u200fReact המשך",
+  );
+  const markdown = "# React עדכון\n\n- React שינוי\n\n> English ציטוט\n\n```ts\nfoo()\n```";
+  expect(markdownWithDirection(markdown, "rtl")).toBe(
+    "# \u200fReact עדכון\n\n- \u200fReact שינוי\n\n> \u200fEnglish ציטוט\n\n```ts\nfoo()\n```",
+  );
+});
+
+it("preserves literal markdown while separating code from prose", () => {
+  const markdown =
+    "שלום\n```js\nvalue({ items: [1, 2] });\n```not a close\nעדיין קוד\n```\nאחרי `run()`";
+  const parts = markdownCodeParts(markdown);
+  expect(parts.map((part) => part.text).join("")).toBe(markdown);
+  expect(parts.filter((part) => part.code).map((part) => part.text)).toEqual([
+    "```js\nvalue({ items: [1, 2] });\n```not a close\nעדיין קוד\n```",
+    "`run()`",
+  ]);
+});
+
+it.each([
+  ["an English label in a Hebrew set", "GitHub token", "rtl", "ltr"],
+  [
+    "a mostly English label with a Hebrew word in a Hebrew set",
+    "Squash ל-feature branch",
+    "rtl",
+    "rtl",
+  ],
+  [
+    "a mostly English label with a Hebrew word in an English set",
+    "Squash ל-feature branch",
+    "ltr",
+    "ltr",
+  ],
+] as const)("fieldDirection reads %s", (_, text, setDirection, direction) => {
+  expect(fieldDirection(text, setDirection)).toBe(direction);
+});
+
+describe("composerParagraphDirections", () => {
+  const directions = (text: string) =>
+    composerParagraphDirections(text).map((paragraph) => paragraph.direction);
+
+  it("uses the desktop word majority and first-word tie break per paragraph", () => {
+    expect(
+      directions("React עדכון הקוד בעברית\nEnglish stays left.\nשלום React\nReact שלום"),
+    ).toEqual(["rtl", "ltr", "rtl", "ltr"]);
+  });
+
+  it("inherits prose direction across empty and numeric paragraphs, without inheriting code", () => {
+    expect(directions("اكتب الدالة\n\n42\n```\n// احسب مجموع القيم هنا\n```\n\nfix it\n")).toEqual([
+      "rtl",
+      "rtl",
+      "rtl",
+      "ltr",
+      "ltr",
+      "ltr",
+      "rtl",
+      "ltr",
+      "ltr",
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("excludes inline code and native chips from the word count", () => {
+    expect(directions("`useEffect` ו `useLayoutEffect` בעברית `React`")).toEqual(["rtl"]);
+    const chip = "@long-english-file-name ";
+    expect(composerParagraphDirections(chip + "שלום", [{ start: 0, end: chip.length }])).toEqual([
+      { start: 0, end: chip.length + 4, direction: "rtl" },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps a list or quote in one direction, as the desktop composer does", () => {
+    expect(directions("- Vitest\n- اختبر الدالة الجديدة\n- وأضف تعليق")).toEqual([
+      "rtl",
+      "rtl",
+      "rtl",
+    ]);
+    expect(directions("> React\n> עדכון הקוד בעברית")).toEqual(["rtl", "rtl"]);
+  });
+
+  it("uses native UTF-16 offsets and includes the trailing empty paragraph", () => {
+    const urlDraft = "https://github.com/foo/bar שלום\nEnglish https://example.com\n";
+    expect(composerParagraphDirections(urlDraft)).toEqual([
+      { start: 0, end: urlDraft.indexOf("\n") + 1, direction: "rtl" },
+      { start: urlDraft.indexOf("\n") + 1, end: urlDraft.length, direction: "ltr" },
+      { start: urlDraft.length, end: urlDraft.length, direction: "ltr" },
+    ]);
+    expect(composerParagraphDirections("😀 שלום\r\nEnglish\n")).toEqual([
+      { start: 0, end: 9, direction: "rtl" },
+      { start: 9, end: 17, direction: "ltr" },
+      { start: 17, end: 17, direction: "ltr" },
+    ]);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/textDirection.ts b/packages/shared/src/textDirection.ts
index 6267380d435d4..12e31959a4f17 100644
--- a/packages/shared/src/textDirection.ts
+++ b/packages/shared/src/textDirection.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
+import type { Root, RootContent } from "mdast";
+import remarkParse from "remark-parse";
+import remarkGfm from "remark-gfm";
+import remarkMath from "remark-math";
+import { unified } from "unified";
+
 export type TextDirection = "ltr" | "rtl";
 
 // Hebrew through Arabic Extended-A, their presentation forms, and the
 // supplementary right-to-left blocks.
 const RTL_LETTER = /[֐-ࣿיִ-﷿ﹰ-\u{10800}-\u{10FFF}\u{1E800}-\u{1EFFF}]/u;
 const LETTER = /\p{L}/u;
+const HTTP_URL = /https?:\/\/\S+/g;
 const SENTENCE_END = /(?<=[.!?؟])(?<!\b(?:e\.g|i\.e)\.)\s+|\n+/i;
 
 function majority(
@@ -43,9 +50,182 @@ export function textDirection(text: string): TextDirection | undefined {
   );
 }
 
+/** A field with any right-to-left letter stays in its right-to-left set, whatever its majority. */
+export function fieldDirection(text: string, setDirection: TextDirection | undefined) {
+  return setDirection === "rtl" && RTL_LETTER.test(text) ? "rtl" : textDirection(text);
+}
+
+const markdownParser = unified().use(remarkParse).freeze();
+const nativeMarkdownParser = unified().use(remarkParse).use(remarkGfm).use(remarkMath).freeze();
+
+function maskTextRanges(
+  text: string,
+  ranges: ReadonlyArray<{ start: number; end: number }>,
+  replacement = " ",
+) {
+  let offset = 0;
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  for (const range of [...ranges].sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start)) {
+    const start = Math.max(offset, range.start);
+    const end = Math.min(text.length, range.end);
+    if (end <= start) continue;
+    parts.push(text.slice(offset, start), text.slice(start, end).replace(/[^\r\n]/g, replacement));
+    offset = end;
+  }
+  return parts.join("") + text.slice(offset);
+}
+
+/** Native paragraph ranges, using the desktop composer's prose-only word majority. */
+export function composerParagraphDirections(
+  text: string,
+  chips: ReadonlyArray<{ start: number; end: number }> = [],
+) {
+  // A chip is an atom, not indentation that could turn following prose into a code block.
+  const source = maskTextRanges(text, chips, "\ufffc");
+  const document = markdownParser.parse(source);
+  const code: Array<{ start: number; end: number }> = [];
+  const codeBlocks: Array<{ start: number; end: number }> = [];
+  const visit = (node: Root | RootContent): void => {
+    if (node.type === "code" || node.type === "inlineCode") {
+      const start = node.position?.start.offset;
+      const end = node.position?.end.offset;
+      if (start !== undefined && end !== undefined) {
+        code.push({ start, end });
+        if (node.type === "code") codeBlocks.push({ start, end });
+      }
+    } else if ("children" in node) node.children.forEach(visit);
+  };
+  visit(document);
+  const urls = Array.from(source.matchAll(HTTP_URL), (match) => ({
+    start: match.index,
+    end: match.index + match[0].length,
+  }));
+  const prose = maskTextRanges(source, [...code, ...urls]);
+  const groups = document.children.flatMap((node) => {
+    const start = node.position?.start.offset;
+    const end = node.position?.end.offset;
+    return (node.type === "list" || node.type === "blockquote") &&
+      start !== undefined &&
+      end !== undefined
+      ? [{ start, end, direction: textDirection(prose.slice(start, end)) }]
+      : [];
+  });
+  let previous: TextDirection | undefined;
+  const paragraphs: Array<{ start: number; end: number; direction: TextDirection }> = [];
+  for (const line of text.matchAll(/[^\r\n]*(?:\r\n|[\r\n]|$)/g)) {
+    const start = line.index;
+    const end = start + line[0].length;
+    if (start === end && text.length > 0 && !/[\r\n]$/.test(text)) continue;
+    if (codeBlocks.some((block) => start < block.end && end > block.start)) {
+      paragraphs.push({ start, end, direction: "ltr" });
+      continue;
+    }
+    const group = groups.find((block) => start < block.end && end > block.start);
+    const direction =
+      (group ? group.direction : textDirection(prose.slice(start, end))) ?? previous;
+    paragraphs.push({ start, end, direction: direction ?? "ltr" });
+    previous = direction;
+  }
+  return paragraphs;
+}
+
+export function markdownCodeParts(markdown: string) {
+  const parts: Array<{ text: string; code: boolean; start: number }> = [];
+  let offset = 0;
+  const visit = (node: Root | RootContent): void => {
+    if (node.type === "code" || node.type === "inlineCode") {
+      const start = node.position?.start.offset;
+      const end = node.position?.end.offset;
+      if (start === undefined || end === undefined) return;
+      if (start > offset) {
+        parts.push({ text: markdown.slice(offset, start), code: false, start: offset });
+      }
+      parts.push({ text: markdown.slice(start, end), code: true, start });
+      offset = end;
+    } else if ("children" in node) {
+      node.children.forEach(visit);
+    }
+  };
+  visit(markdownParser.parse(markdown));
+  if (offset < markdown.length) {
+    parts.push({ text: markdown.slice(offset), code: false, start: offset });
+  }
+  return parts;
+}
+
+function proseDirection(parts: ReadonlyArray<{ text: string; code: boolean }>) {
+  const prose = parts
+    .filter((part) => !part.code)
+    .map((part) => part.text)
+    .join(" ");
+  return textDirection(prose.replace(HTTP_URL, " "));
+}
+
 const MARKDOWN_CODE_OR_URL =
-  /(`{3,}|~{3,})[\s\S]*?(?:\1|$)|(`{1,2})(?!`)[\s\S]*?(?<!`)\2(?!`)|https?:\/\/\S+/g;
+  /(`{3,}|~{3,})[\s\S]*?(?:\n[\t >]*\1[`~]*[\t ]*(?=\n|$)|$)|(`{1,2})(?!`)[\s\S]*?(?<!`)\2(?!`)|https?:\/\/\S+/g;
+
+// A linear scan, not a parse: this runs on every render of messages up to 120k chars.
+export function markdownProseDirection(...fields: ReadonlyArray<string>) {
+  return textDirection(fields.map((field) => field.replace(MARKDOWN_CODE_OR_URL, " ")).join(" "));
+}
 
-export function markdownProseDirection(markdown: string): TextDirection | undefined {
-  return textDirection(markdown.replace(MARKDOWN_CODE_OR_URL, " "));
+export function markdownPreview(markdown: string, maxChars: number) {
+  let previousSpace = false;
+  const normalized = [];
+  for (const part of markdownCodeParts(markdown)) {
+    let text = part.text.replace(/\s+/g, " ");
+    if (previousSpace && text.startsWith(" ")) text = text.slice(1);
+    if (text.length > 0) previousSpace = text.endsWith(" ");
+    normalized.push({ ...part, text });
+  }
+  const length = normalized.reduce((total, part) => total + part.text.length, 0);
+  const parts = [];
+  let rendered = 0;
+  for (const part of normalized) {
+    if (rendered >= maxChars) break;
+    let text = part.text.slice(0, maxChars - rendered);
+    rendered += text.length;
+    if (rendered === maxChars && length > maxChars) text += "…";
+    parts.push({ ...part, text });
+  }
+  return { parts, direction: proseDirection(parts) };
+}
+
+export function markdownWithDirection(markdown: string, direction: TextDirection | undefined) {
+  if (!direction) return markdown;
+  const offsets: number[] = [];
+  const visit = (node: Root | RootContent, parent?: Root | RootContent): void => {
+    if (node.type === "paragraph" || node.type === "heading") {
+      const child = node.children.length === 1 ? node.children[0] : undefined;
+      const media =
+        (child?.type === "link" || child?.type === "linkReference") && child.children.length === 1
+          ? child.children[0]
+          : child;
+      if (
+        node.type === "paragraph" &&
+        (media?.type === "image" || media?.type === "imageReference")
+      ) {
+        return;
+      }
+      let offset = node.children[0]?.position?.start.offset;
+      if (offset !== undefined) {
+        // Keep the native admonition marker at the start of its quote line.
+        const alert =
+          parent?.type === "blockquote" && parent.children[0] === node
+            ? /^\[!(NOTE|TIP|IMPORTANT|WARNING|CAUTION)\][\t ]*(?:\r?\n[\t ]*(?:>[\t ]*)*|$)/i.exec(
+                markdown.slice(offset, node.position?.end.offset),
+              )
+            : null;
+        if (alert) offset += alert[0].length;
+        if (offset < (node.position?.end.offset ?? markdown.length)) offsets.push(offset);
+      }
+    }
+    if ("children" in node) node.children.forEach((child) => visit(child, node));
+  };
+  visit(nativeMarkdownParser.parse(markdown));
+  const mark = direction === "rtl" ? "\u200f" : "\u200e";
+  for (const offset of offsets.reverse()) {
+    markdown = markdown.slice(0, offset) + mark + markdown.slice(offset);
+  }
+  return markdown;
 }