diff --git a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts
index 3607e7272273d..a95e698a1fc93 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts
@@ -6064,7 +6064,7 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
       command.dispatchMode,
       command.deliveryIntent,
     );
-    if (dispatchMode.type === "steer_active") {
+    if (dispatchMode.type === "steer_active" || dispatchMode.type === "restart_active") {
       const targetRunId = dispatchMode.targetRunId;
       const target = projection.runs.find((run) => run.id === targetRunId);
       const turn = latestProviderTurnForAttempt(
@@ -6076,9 +6076,13 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
       if (
         target !== undefined &&
         (target.status === "completed" ||
+          (dispatchMode.type === "restart_active" && !isActiveRun(target)) ||
           ((target.status === "running" || target.status === "waiting") &&
             turn !== undefined &&
-            turn.status === "completed"))
+            (turn.status === "completed" ||
+              (dispatchMode.type === "restart_active" &&
+                turn.status !== "pending" &&
+                turn.status !== "running"))))
       ) {
         dispatchMode = { type: "start_immediately" };
       }
@@ -6086,7 +6090,7 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
     // Stop leaves the run reading as running until its provider stops. A plain
     // send in that window queues behind the stopped queue instead of steering
     // text the agent never receives, and like any user send it releases the
-    // hold; an explicit steer or restart still fails below.
+    // hold; an explicit steer still fails below.
     if (
       command.deliveryIntent === "auto" &&
       (dispatchMode.type === "steer_active" || dispatchMode.type === "restart_active") &&
@@ -6094,6 +6098,14 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
     ) {
       dispatchMode = { type: "queue_after_active" };
     }
+    // An explicit restart that Stop reached has only its start left, so it
+    // queues behind the stopping run like any other start.
+    if (
+      dispatchMode.type === "restart_active" &&
+      (yield* stopReachedRun(command, command.threadId, dispatchMode.targetRunId))
+    ) {
+      dispatchMode = { type: "start_immediately" };
+    }
     const freshContext = command.freshContext === true;
     if (
       freshContext &&
diff --git a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/SteeringCompletion.integration.test.ts b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/SteeringCompletion.integration.test.ts
index 733ace700ba9e..37b2ab259f840 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/SteeringCompletion.integration.test.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/SteeringCompletion.integration.test.ts
@@ -1773,6 +1773,225 @@ it.effect("keeps a queued message queued when promoted into a run that Stop reac
   ),
 );
 
+// regression: #32891 a restart that Stop already reached is lost
+it.effect("refuses a steer but starts a restart sent into a run that Stop reached", () =>
+  Effect.scoped(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { started, steered, layer, startFirstTurn } =
+        yield* nextTurnSelectionHarness("restart-after-stop");
+      yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const orchestrator = yield* Orchestrator.OrchestratorV2;
+        const worker = yield* EffectWorker.OrchestrationEffectWorkerV2;
+        const threadId = yield* startFirstTurn;
+        const first = started[0]!;
+        // The worker has not delivered the interrupt yet, so the run still reads as running.
+        yield* orchestrator.dispatch({
+          type: "run.interrupt",
+          commandId: CommandId.make("stop"),
+          threadId,
+          runId: first.runId,
+        });
+        const steerError = yield* orchestrator
+          .dispatch({
+            type: "message.dispatch",
+            commandId: CommandId.make("steer"),
+            threadId,
+            messageId: MessageId.make("message:steer"),
+            text: "steer",
+            attachments: [],
+            modelSelection: runSelection,
+            dispatchMode: { type: "steer_active", targetRunId: first.runId },
+            createdBy: "user",
+            creationSource: "web",
+          })
+          .pipe(Effect.flip);
+        assert.equal(steerError._tag, "OrchestratorDispatchError");
+        assert.include(String(steerError.cause), "is stopping and cannot be steered");
+        yield* orchestrator.dispatch({
+          type: "message.dispatch",
+          commandId: CommandId.make("restart"),
+          threadId,
+          messageId: MessageId.make("message:restart"),
+          text: "restart",
+          attachments: [],
+          modelSelection: runSelection,
+          dispatchMode: { type: "restart_active", targetRunId: first.runId },
+          createdBy: "user",
+          creationSource: "web",
+        });
+        yield* worker.drain();
+
+        assert.deepEqual(steered, []);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          started.map((turn) => turn.message.text),
+          ["first", "restart"],
+        );
+      }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer));
+    }),
+  ),
+);
+
+// regression: #32891 a restart that arrives after the turn ended is lost
+it.effect.each([
+  { status: "completed", settled: true },
+  { status: "completed", settled: false },
+  { status: "interrupted", settled: true },
+  { status: "interrupted", settled: false },
+  { status: "cancelled", settled: false },
+] as const)(
+  "starts a restart that missed the turn ($status, run settled: $settled) as a new turn",
+  ({ status, settled: runSettled }) =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const { events, started, steered, layer, startFirstTurn } = yield* nextTurnSelectionHarness(
+          `restart-after-${status}-${runSettled ? "settled" : "unsettled"}`,
+        );
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const orchestrator = yield* Orchestrator.OrchestratorV2;
+          const worker = yield* EffectWorker.OrchestrationEffectWorkerV2;
+          const threadId = yield* startFirstTurn;
+          const first = started[0]!;
+          const turn = (yield* orchestrator.getThreadProjection(threadId)).providerTurns[0]!;
+          const turnEnded = yield* orchestrator.streamDomainEvents.pipe(
+            Stream.filter(
+              (event) =>
+                event.type === "provider-turn.updated" &&
+                event.payload.id === turn.id &&
+                event.payload.status === status,
+            ),
+            Stream.take(1),
+            Stream.runDrain,
+            Effect.forkScoped,
+          );
+          yield* Queue.offer(events, {
+            type: "provider_turn.updated",
+            driver,
+            providerTurn: { ...turn, status, completedAt: yield* DateTime.now },
+          });
+          yield* Fiber.join(turnEnded);
+          const settleRun = Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const settled = yield* orchestrator.streamDomainEvents.pipe(
+              Stream.filter(
+                (event) =>
+                  event.type === "run.updated" &&
+                  event.payload.id === first.runId &&
+                  event.payload.status !== "running",
+              ),
+              Stream.take(1),
+              Stream.runDrain,
+              Effect.forkScoped,
+            );
+            yield* Queue.offer(events, {
+              type: "turn.terminal",
+              driver,
+              providerThreadId: turn.providerThreadId,
+              providerTurnId: turn.id,
+              runOrdinal: first.runOrdinal,
+              status,
+              failure: null,
+              threadDisposition: "reusable",
+            });
+            yield* Fiber.join(settled);
+            yield* worker.drain();
+          });
+          if (runSettled) yield* settleRun;
+
+          yield* orchestrator.dispatch({
+            type: "message.dispatch",
+            commandId: CommandId.make("restart"),
+            threadId,
+            messageId: MessageId.make("message:restart"),
+            text: "restart",
+            attachments: [],
+            modelSelection: runSelection,
+            dispatchMode: { type: "restart_active", targetRunId: first.runId },
+            createdBy: "user",
+            creationSource: "web",
+          });
+          yield* worker.drain();
+          if (!runSettled) {
+            const restartLeftQueue = yield* orchestrator.streamDomainEvents.pipe(
+              Stream.filter(
+                (event) =>
+                  event.type === "run.updated" &&
+                  event.payload.userMessageId === "message:restart" &&
+                  event.payload.status !== "queued",
+              ),
+              Stream.take(1),
+              Stream.runDrain,
+              Effect.forkScoped,
+            );
+            yield* settleRun;
+            yield* Fiber.join(restartLeftQueue);
+            yield* worker.drain();
+          }
+
+          assert.deepEqual(steered, []);
+          assert.deepEqual(
+            started.map((turn) => turn.message.text),
+            ["first", "restart"],
+          );
+        }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer));
+      }),
+    ),
+);
+
+// regression: #32891 a restart into a failed provider turn is lost
+it.effect("queues a restart sent into a provider turn that failed before its run settled", () =>
+  Effect.scoped(
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { events, started, steered, layer, startFirstTurn } = yield* nextTurnSelectionHarness(
+        "restart-after-failed-unsettled",
+      );
+      yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const orchestrator = yield* Orchestrator.OrchestratorV2;
+        const worker = yield* EffectWorker.OrchestrationEffectWorkerV2;
+        const threadId = yield* startFirstTurn;
+        const first = started[0]!;
+        const turn = (yield* orchestrator.getThreadProjection(threadId)).providerTurns[0]!;
+        const turnFailed = yield* orchestrator.streamDomainEvents.pipe(
+          Stream.filter(
+            (event) =>
+              event.type === "provider-turn.updated" &&
+              event.payload.id === turn.id &&
+              event.payload.status === "failed",
+          ),
+          Stream.take(1),
+          Stream.runDrain,
+          Effect.forkScoped,
+        );
+        yield* Queue.offer(events, {
+          type: "provider_turn.updated",
+          driver,
+          providerTurn: { ...turn, status: "failed", completedAt: yield* DateTime.now },
+        });
+        yield* Fiber.join(turnFailed);
+
+        yield* orchestrator.dispatch({
+          type: "message.dispatch",
+          commandId: CommandId.make("restart"),
+          threadId,
+          messageId: MessageId.make("message:restart"),
+          text: "restart",
+          attachments: [],
+          modelSelection: runSelection,
+          dispatchMode: { type: "restart_active", targetRunId: first.runId },
+          createdBy: "user",
+          creationSource: "web",
+        });
+        yield* worker.drain();
+
+        assert.deepEqual(steered, []);
+        const projection = yield* orchestrator.getThreadProjection(threadId);
+        assert.equal(
+          projection.runs.find((run) => run.userMessageId === "message:restart")?.status,
+          "queued",
+        );
+      }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer));
+    }),
+  ),
+);
+
 it.effect("queues a plain send behind the stopped queue and releases its hold", () =>
   Effect.scoped(
     Effect.gen(function* () {