diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ComposerErrorNotice.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ComposerErrorNotice.tsx
index fe6727cc43b95..6b7ac26ed67b9 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ComposerErrorNotice.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ComposerErrorNotice.tsx
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import { View } from "react-native";
+import { Button } from "../../components/ui/Button";
 import { Notice } from "../../components/ui/Notice";
 
 export function ComposerErrorNotice(props: {
   readonly message: string;
   readonly onDismiss: () => void;
+  readonly onStop?: (() => void) | undefined;
 }) {
   return (
-    <View className="px-4 pb-3">
+    <View className="gap-2 px-4 pb-3">
       <Notice
         message={props.message}
         icon="exclamationmark.circle"
@@ -15,6 +17,11 @@ export function ComposerErrorNotice(props: {
         onDismiss={props.onDismiss}
         dismissLabel="Dismiss error"
       />
+      {props.onStop ? (
+        <View className="flex-row justify-end">
+          <Button label="Stop" icon="stop.fill" size="compact" onPress={props.onStop} />
+        </View>
+      ) : null}
     </View>
   );
 }
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ThreadDetailScreen.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ThreadDetailScreen.tsx
index 5e4e90e0b68ae..1b5a20e66d61d 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ThreadDetailScreen.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/ThreadDetailScreen.tsx
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ import { ManagedRuntimeModeNotice } from "./ManagedRuntimeModeNotice";
 import { FreshSessionNotice } from "./FreshSessionNotice";
 import { Notice } from "../../components/ui/Notice";
 import { formatTokens } from "@t3tools/shared/usageFormat";
+import { isBackgroundWorkRefusal } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork";
 import { ComposerFeedback } from "./ComposerFeedback";
 import { ComposerUsageLimits } from "./ComposerUsageLimits";
 import { PendingUserInputCard } from "./PendingUserInputCard";
@@ -692,7 +693,7 @@ function ThreadDetailBody(
     latestRunCompletedAt: props.selectedThread.latestRun?.completedAt ?? null,
   });
   const runStatusAction = async (action: "stop" | "wake" | "unsettle" | "dismiss") => {
-    if (statusPending || !props.canOperateThread) return;
+    if (statusPending || !props.canOperateThread) return false;
     const request: BackgroundWorkStopRequest = {
       threadKey: selectedThreadKey,
       taskIds:
@@ -753,6 +754,7 @@ function ThreadDetailBody(
         error instanceof Error ? error.message : "Try again.",
       );
     }
+    return result._tag !== "Failure";
   };
   const pendingBackgroundWork = presentPendingBackgroundWork(
     props.selectedThread.pendingBackgroundTasks,
@@ -1744,6 +1746,16 @@ function ThreadDetailBody(
                         <ComposerErrorNotice
                           message={composerError}
                           onDismiss={() => clearThreadComposerError(selectedThreadKey)}
+                          onStop={
+                            // The refusal says "press Stop"; work only the provider sees has no other Stop.
+                            props.canOperateThread && isBackgroundWorkRefusal(composerError)
+                              ? () =>
+                                  // A failed or skipped Stop keeps the notice, so Stop can be retried.
+                                  void runStatusAction("stop").then((stopped) => {
+                                    if (stopped) clearThreadComposerError(selectedThreadKey);
+                                  })
+                              : undefined
+                          }
                         />
                       </Animated.View>
                     ) : null}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/BackgroundWorkStop.integration.test.ts b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/BackgroundWorkStop.integration.test.ts
index 4a4726bcb9bd6..07e125fb1e651 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/BackgroundWorkStop.integration.test.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/BackgroundWorkStop.integration.test.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const stopEarlierBackgroundWork = ({
   backgroundWorkAfterStop,
   stalledRun,
   workflowMember = false,
+  probeOnly = false,
 }: {
   readonly wakeAfterStop?: boolean;
   readonly failedStart?: boolean;
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ const stopEarlierBackgroundWork = ({
   readonly stopWithQueue?: "thread.stop" | "run.interrupt";
   readonly olderStart?: boolean;
   readonly workflowMember?: boolean;
+  readonly probeOnly?: boolean;
   readonly stalledRun?: "missing-session-terminal" | "returned-interrupt" | "superseded-attempt";
 }) =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -98,7 +100,12 @@ const stopEarlierBackgroundWork = ({
                       return backgroundWorkAfterStop === "running";
                     }),
                 }
-              : {}),
+              : probeOnly
+                ? {
+                    hasPendingBackgroundWorkForThread: () =>
+                      Effect.succeed(interrupts.length === 0),
+                  }
+                : {}),
             ensureThread: ({ threadId }) =>
               Effect.succeed({
                 id: ProviderThreadId.make(`provider-thread:codex:${threadId}`),
@@ -246,33 +253,35 @@ const stopEarlierBackgroundWork = ({
       const devServerId = TurnItemId.make("turn-item:dev-server");
       const now = yield* DateTime.now;
       yield* sink.write({
-        events: [
-          {
-            id: EventId.make("dev-server"),
-            type: "turn-item.updated",
-            threadId,
-            runId: first.runId,
-            occurredAt: now,
-            payload: {
-              id: devServerId,
-              threadId,
-              runId: first.runId,
-              nodeId: first.rootNodeId,
-              providerThreadId: codexTurn.providerThreadId,
-              providerTurnId: codexTurn.id,
-              nativeItemRef: null,
-              parentItemId: null,
-              ordinal: 100,
-              status: "running",
-              title: null,
-              startedAt: now,
-              completedAt: null,
-              updatedAt: now,
-              type: "command_execution",
-              input: "vp run dev --share",
-            },
-          },
-        ],
+        events: probeOnly
+          ? []
+          : [
+              {
+                id: EventId.make("dev-server"),
+                type: "turn-item.updated",
+                threadId,
+                runId: first.runId,
+                occurredAt: now,
+                payload: {
+                  id: devServerId,
+                  threadId,
+                  runId: first.runId,
+                  nodeId: first.rootNodeId,
+                  providerThreadId: codexTurn.providerThreadId,
+                  providerTurnId: codexTurn.id,
+                  nativeItemRef: null,
+                  parentItemId: null,
+                  ordinal: 100,
+                  status: "running",
+                  title: null,
+                  startedAt: now,
+                  completedAt: null,
+                  updatedAt: now,
+                  type: "command_execution",
+                  input: "vp run dev --share",
+                },
+              },
+            ],
       });
       if (stalledRun !== undefined) {
         const before = yield* orchestrator.getThreadProjection(threadId);
@@ -470,6 +479,20 @@ const stopEarlierBackgroundWork = ({
         threadDisposition: "reusable",
       });
       yield* Fiber.join(settled);
+      if (probeOnly) {
+        // Checkpoint capture has not run, so the run is still waiting on a completed turn.
+        yield* orchestrator.dispatch({
+          type: "thread.stop",
+          commandId: CommandId.make("stop-waiting-run"),
+          threadId,
+        });
+        yield* worker.drain();
+        assert.deepEqual(
+          interrupts.map((input) => [input.providerTurnId, input.requestRuntimeRestart]),
+          [[codexTurn.id, true]],
+        );
+        return;
+      }
       yield* worker.drain();
 
       const codexProviderThread = (yield* orchestrator.getThreadProjection(threadId))
@@ -1058,6 +1081,10 @@ it.effect.each(["missing-session-terminal", "returned-interrupt", "superseded-at
   (stalledRun) => stopEarlierBackgroundWork({ stalledRun }),
 );
 
+it.effect("Stop reaches work only the provider sees while the settled run waits", () =>
+  stopEarlierBackgroundWork({ probeOnly: true }),
+);
+
 it.effect("Stop holds a provider wake that queues before the stopped turn ends", () =>
   stopEarlierBackgroundWork({ wakeAfterStop: true }),
 );
diff --git a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts
index 332eec9869b8f..3c25980f81698 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/Orchestrator.ts
@@ -1684,6 +1684,26 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
     return false;
   });
 
+  // Some background work (Claude native subagents, held wakes) only the adapter probe sees.
+  // Stop probes it too, or an idle thread cannot stop the work a switch is refused over.
+  const runHasLiveBackgroundWork = Effect.fn("Orchestrator.runHasLiveBackgroundWork")(function* (
+    run: OrchestrationV2Run | undefined,
+    projection: Pick<OrchestrationV2ThreadProjection, "providerThreads" | "providerSessions">,
+  ) {
+    const providerThread = projection.providerThreads.find(
+      (candidate) => candidate.id === run?.providerThreadId,
+    );
+    const session = projection.providerSessions.find(
+      (candidate) => candidate.id === providerThread?.providerSessionId,
+    );
+    if (session === undefined || session.status === "stopped" || session.status === "error")
+      return false;
+    return yield* sessionHasBackgroundWork(
+      session,
+      providerThread === undefined ? [] : [providerThread],
+    );
+  });
+
   // Runs in every command transaction; avoid reading thousands of finished leaf nodes.
   const readCommandProjection = (
     threadId: ThreadId,
@@ -12855,6 +12875,7 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
         "turnItems",
         "subagents",
         "runtimeRequests",
+        "providerSessions",
       ],
       // Thread-wide, like the Waiting strip: a settled thread's background
       // work can belong to an earlier run than the one Stop targets.
@@ -12880,15 +12901,22 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
       run?.providerThreadId === null
         ? undefined
         : projection.providerThreads.find((candidate) => candidate.id === run?.providerThreadId);
+    const isLatestRun =
+      run?.id === projection.runs.findLast((candidate) => candidate.status !== "queued")?.id;
     const hasBackgroundWork =
-      run?.id === projection.runs.findLast((candidate) => candidate.status !== "queued")?.id &&
-      derivePendingBackgroundWork({
+      isLatestRun &&
+      (derivePendingBackgroundWork({
         latestRun: run,
         providerThreads: projection.providerThreads,
         turnItems: projection.turnItems,
         activeProviderThreadId: projection.thread.activeProviderThreadId,
         runs: projection.runs,
-      }).length > 0;
+      }).length > 0 ||
+        (run !== undefined &&
+          run.status !== "preparing" &&
+          run.status !== "starting" &&
+          run.status !== "running" &&
+          (yield* runHasLiveBackgroundWork(run, projection))));
     // A failed start has no provider turn. Background work still belongs
     // to the provider thread, so Stop reaches its latest accepted turn.
     const providerTurn =
@@ -13467,10 +13495,14 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
     effects: Ref.Ref<Array<PendingOrchestrationEffectV2>>,
   ) {
     const projection = yield* projectionStore
-      .getThreadRecords(command.threadId, ["runs", "providerThreads", "turnItems", "subagents"], {
-        turnItemTypes: ["command_execution", "dynamic_tool", "subagent"],
-        turnItemStatuses: ["pending", "running", "waiting"],
-      })
+      .getThreadRecords(
+        command.threadId,
+        ["runs", "providerThreads", "turnItems", "subagents", "providerSessions"],
+        {
+          turnItemTypes: ["command_execution", "dynamic_tool", "subagent"],
+          turnItemStatuses: ["pending", "running", "waiting"],
+        },
+      )
       .pipe(
         Effect.mapError(
           (cause) => new OrchestratorProjectionError({ threadId: command.threadId, cause }),
@@ -13497,7 +13529,7 @@ const makeOrchestrator = Effect.fn("orchestrationV2.Orchestrator.layer")(functio
         turnItems: projection.turnItems,
         activeProviderThreadId: projection.thread.activeProviderThreadId,
         runs: projection.runs,
-      }).length > 0
+      }).length > 0 || (yield* runHasLiveBackgroundWork(latestRun, projection))
         ? latestRun
         : undefined);
     if (target !== undefined) {
diff --git a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/testkit/ProviderSwitch.integration.test.ts b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/testkit/ProviderSwitch.integration.test.ts
index 965e5bd44f2dc..9bdf748295a10 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/testkit/ProviderSwitch.integration.test.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/testkit/ProviderSwitch.integration.test.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ import {
   TurnItemId,
   ProviderDriverKind,
 } from "@t3tools/contracts";
-import { derivePendingBackgroundWork } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork";
+import {
+  derivePendingBackgroundWork,
+  isBackgroundWorkRefusal,
+} from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork";
 import * as DateTime from "effect/DateTime";
 import * as Deferred from "effect/Deferred";
 import * as Effect from "effect/Effect";
@@ -444,7 +447,10 @@ function makeTestAdapter(input: {
               }
             }),
           steerTurn: () => Effect.void,
-          interruptTurn: () => Effect.void,
+          interruptTurn: (interrupt) =>
+            interrupt.requestRuntimeRestart === true && input.backgroundWork !== undefined
+              ? Ref.set(input.backgroundWork, false)
+              : Effect.void,
           respondToRuntimeRequest: () => Effect.void,
           readThreadSnapshot: () =>
             unimplemented(input.driver, "readThreadSnapshot unused in provider switch test"),
@@ -2801,6 +2807,10 @@ describe("orchestration v2 provider switching", () => {
       "refuses the hand-off while the previous instance still runs background work",
       { background: true, queued: false, sharedHistory: false },
     ],
+    [
+      "lets Stop release an idle session whose projection has no background work",
+      { background: true, queued: false, sharedHistory: false, stopAfterRefusal: true },
+    ],
     [
       "keeps a busy previous session running when a queued hand-off starts",
       { background: true, queued: true, sharedHistory: false },
@@ -2809,7 +2819,7 @@ describe("orchestration v2 provider switching", () => {
       "holds a queued account switch while the replaced session still runs background work",
       { background: true, queued: true, sharedHistory: true },
     ],
-  ] as const)("%s", ([, { background, queued, sharedHistory }]) =>
+  ] as const)("%s", ([, { background, queued, sharedHistory, ...options }]) =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const cwd = yield* checkpointWorkspace("handoff-releases-session");
       const capturedTurns = yield* Ref.make<ReadonlyArray<CapturedTurn>>([]);
@@ -2975,7 +2985,7 @@ describe("orchestration v2 provider switching", () => {
           // pendingBackgroundTasks stays empty while the probe still reports work.
           assert.deepEqual(afterFirst.providerThreads[0]?.pendingBackgroundTasks ?? [], []);
           const refused = yield* send(2, secondSelection, ":refused").pipe(Effect.flip);
-          assert.include(String(refused.cause), "still running background agents or commands");
+          assert.isTrue(isBackgroundWorkRefusal(String(refused.cause)));
           const unchanged = yield* orchestrator.getThreadProjection(handoffThreadId);
           assert.lengthOf(unchanged.runs, 1);
           assert.deepEqual(yield* Ref.get(closedSessions), []);
@@ -2984,7 +2994,16 @@ describe("orchestration v2 provider switching", () => {
             unchanged.providerSessions.map((session) => [session.id, session.status]),
             [[firstSession!.id, "ready"]],
           );
-          yield* Ref.set(backgroundWork, false);
+          if ("stopAfterRefusal" in options) {
+            yield* orchestrator.dispatch({
+              type: "thread.stop",
+              commandId: CommandId.make("command:handoff-releases-session:stop"),
+              threadId: handoffThreadId,
+            });
+            yield* worker.drain();
+          } else {
+            yield* Ref.set(backgroundWork, false);
+          }
         }
 
         yield* send(2, secondSelection);
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ChatView.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ChatView.tsx
index 764ea2c6bf756..f582ec8138ab8 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ChatView.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ChatView.tsx
@@ -3421,6 +3421,7 @@ export default function ChatView(props: ChatViewProps) {
               threadErrorBannerKey={threadErrorBannerKey}
               setThreadError={setThreadError}
               setThreadErrorBannerDismissTick={setThreadErrorBannerDismissTick}
+              onStop={canOperateThread ? onInterruptStable : undefined}
             />
             <div
               {...conversationArea}
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatBannerLane.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatBannerLane.tsx
index a569834169f8a..a0d7fa5cc4ea9 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatBannerLane.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ChatBannerLane.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export function ChatBannerLane(props: {
   threadErrorBannerKey: string | null;
   setThreadError: (threadId: ThreadId | null, error: string | null) => void;
   setThreadErrorBannerDismissTick: Dispatch<SetStateAction<number>>;
+  onStop: (() => void) | undefined;
 }) {
   const {
     providerStatus,
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ export function ChatBannerLane(props: {
     threadErrorBannerKey,
     setThreadError,
     setThreadErrorBannerDismissTick,
+    onStop,
   } = props;
   return (
     <div className="chat-banner-lane pointer-events-none absolute top-0 z-30 flex flex-col">
@@ -53,6 +55,15 @@ export function ChatBannerLane(props: {
         error={threadError}
         errorClass={threadErrorClass}
         errorCode={threadErrorCode}
+        onStop={
+          onStop === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : () => {
+                // Not a session dismissal: a repeated refusal must show again.
+                setThreadError(threadId, null);
+                onStop();
+              }
+        }
         onDismiss={() => {
           setThreadError(threadId, null);
           dismissThreadErrorBannerForSession(threadErrorBannerKey);
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ThreadErrorBanner.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ThreadErrorBanner.tsx
index 7c8f4b7fee78c..966425df0e698 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/ThreadErrorBanner.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/ThreadErrorBanner.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   CHATGPT_WORKSPACE_ADMIN_REQUEST,
   CHATGPT_WORKSPACE_USAGE_LIMIT_CODE,
 } from "@t3tools/shared/usageLimits";
+import { isBackgroundWorkRefusal } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork";
 import { memo } from "react";
 import { writeTextToClipboard } from "../../hooks/useCopyToClipboard";
 import { Alert, AlertAction, AlertDescription } from "../ui/alert";
@@ -74,15 +75,19 @@ export const ThreadErrorBanner = memo(function ThreadErrorBanner({
   onDismiss,
   errorClass,
   errorCode,
+  onStop,
 }: {
   error: string | null;
   errorClass?: OrchestrationV2ProviderFailureClass | null;
   errorCode?: string | null;
   onDismiss?: () => void;
+  onStop?: (() => void) | undefined;
 }) {
   if (!error) return null;
   const workspaceLimit = errorCode === CHATGPT_WORKSPACE_USAGE_LIMIT_CODE;
   const chatGptLimit = workspaceLimit || errorCode === CHATGPT_USAGE_LIMIT_CODE;
+  // The refusal says "press Stop", but work only the adapter sees shows no Stop elsewhere.
+  const offerStop = onStop !== undefined && isBackgroundWorkRefusal(error);
   const variant = errorClass === "usage_limit" || chatGptLimit ? "warning" : "error";
   return (
     <div className="pointer-events-auto mx-auto w-fit max-w-[min(48rem,calc(100%-2rem))] pt-3">
@@ -108,8 +113,13 @@ export const ThreadErrorBanner = memo(function ThreadErrorBanner({
             <ExpandableText text={error} collapsedText={getThreadErrorBannerMessage(error)} />
           )}
         </AlertDescription>
-        {(chatGptLimit || onDismiss) && (
+        {(chatGptLimit || offerStop || onDismiss) && (
           <AlertAction>
+            {offerStop ? (
+              <Button variant="default" size="sm" onClick={onStop}>
+                Stop
+              </Button>
+            ) : null}
             {workspaceLimit ? (
               <Button variant="default" size="sm" onClick={copyAdminRequest}>
                 Copy request for admin
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork.ts b/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork.ts
index 3b25db88acecd..aacf6682666d1 100644
--- a/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork.ts
+++ b/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2PendingBackgroundWork.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ void TERMINAL_RUN_STATUSES;
 
 export type PendingBackgroundWorkTask = OrchestrationV2PendingBackgroundTask;
 
+/** Matches the server's refusal when a switch would end background work, which may be visible only to the adapter. */
+export function isBackgroundWorkRefusal(message: string): boolean {
+  return message.includes("is still running background agents or commands");
+}
+
 export function turnItemUpdateCanEndBackgroundWork(
   item: Pick<OrchestrationV2TurnItem, "type" | "status">,
 ): boolean {