diff --git a/bench/Source/NestedTryCatchSource.php b/bench/Source/NestedTryCatchSource.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d1a6a9b905c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/Source/NestedTryCatchSource.php
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\Bench\Source;
+
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use RuntimeException;
+use Throwable;
+
+final class NestedTryCatchSource
+{
+    public function run(array $items): int
+    {
+        $count = 0;
+
+        foreach ($items as $item) {
+            try {
+                $count += $this->process($item);
+            } catch (InvalidArgumentException $invalidArgumentException) {
+                try {
+                    $count += $this->retry($item, $invalidArgumentException->getMessage());
+                } catch (RuntimeException $runtimeException) {
+                    try {
+                        $count += $this->fallback($item, $runtimeException->getCode());
+                    } catch (Throwable $throwable) {
+                        try {
+                            $this->log($throwable->getMessage() . ' ' . $item);
+                        } catch (Throwable) {
+                            $count -= 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $count;
+    }
+
+    public function sequential(string $value): string
+    {
+        try {
+            $value = $this->normalize($value);
+        } catch (InvalidArgumentException $invalidArgumentException) {
+            $value = $invalidArgumentException->getMessage();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $value = strtoupper($this->normalize($value));
+        } catch (RuntimeException $runtimeException) {
+            try {
+                $value = $this->normalize($runtimeException->getMessage());
+            } catch (Throwable) {
+                $value = '';
+            }
+        } finally {
+            $value .= '!';
+        }
+
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    private function process(mixed $item): int
+    {
+        return is_int($item) ? $item : throw new InvalidArgumentException('not int');
+    }
+
+    private function retry(mixed $item, string $reason): int
+    {
+        return is_numeric($item) ? (int) $item : throw new RuntimeException($reason);
+    }
+
+    private function fallback(mixed $item, int $code): int
+    {
+        return $code + (is_string($item) ? strlen($item) : 0);
+    }
+
+    private function log(string $message): void
+    {
+        error_log($message);
+    }
+
+    private function normalize(string $value): string
+    {
+        return trim($value) !== '' ? trim($value) : throw new InvalidArgumentException('empty');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/bench/php_stan_node_scope_resolver_catch_bench.php b/bench/php_stan_node_scope_resolver_catch_bench.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23f31f44952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/php_stan_node_scope_resolver_catch_bench.php
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * Benchmark for PHPStanNodeScopeResolver::processNodes() on try/catch heavy code.
+ *
+ * PHPStan already fills the catch stmts with the catch scope, but every Catch_ callback recursed
+ * into processNodes() for the catch stmts again - which also re-ran the decorating node visitors on
+ * them. With nested try/catch, each level doubled the work of the levels inside it.
+ *
+ * The change only processes the catch stmts PHPStan skipped (no matching throw point), after the
+ * PHPStan walk, and runs the decorating node visitors once over the whole tree.
+ *
+ * Run on both branches to compare:
+ *   php bench/php_stan_node_scope_resolver_catch_bench.php
+ *
+ * Reports CPU time (user+sys) and wall time; CPU is the reliable metric, wall is noisy under
+ * concurrent load.
+ */
+
+use Rector\DependencyInjection\LazyContainerFactory;
+use Rector\Testing\TestingParser\TestingParser;
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
+
+const REPEAT = 200;
+
+$rectorConfig = (new LazyContainerFactory())->create();
+$rectorConfig->boot();
+
+/** @var TestingParser $testingParser */
+$testingParser = $rectorConfig->make(TestingParser::class);
+
+$sourceFilePath = __DIR__ . '/Source/NestedTryCatchSource.php';
+
+$cpuSeconds = static function (): float {
+    $usage = getrusage();
+    return $usage['ru_utime.tv_sec'] + $usage['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1_000_000
+        + $usage['ru_stime.tv_sec'] + $usage['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1_000_000;
+};
+
+// warm up autoloading / reflection once, excluded from timing
+$testingParser->parseFileToDecoratedNodes($sourceFilePath);
+
+$cpuStart = $cpuSeconds();
+$wallStart = hrtime(true);
+
+for ($repeat = 0; $repeat < REPEAT; ++$repeat) {
+    $testingParser->parseFileToDecoratedNodes($sourceFilePath);
+}
+
+printf('PHPStanNodeScopeResolver::processNodes() nested try/catch benchmark%s', PHP_EOL);
+printf('  repeat=%d%s', REPEAT, PHP_EOL);
+printf('%s', PHP_EOL);
+printf('  cpu=%.4fs  wall=%.4fs%s', $cpuSeconds() - $cpuStart, (hrtime(true) - $wallStart) / 1_000_000_000, PHP_EOL);
diff --git a/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/PHPStanNodeScopeResolver.php b/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/PHPStanNodeScopeResolver.php
index ef8994833c7..21f75b182b1 100644
--- a/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/PHPStanNodeScopeResolver.php
+++ b/src/NodeTypeResolver/PHPStan/Scope/PHPStanNodeScopeResolver.php
@@ -147,9 +147,26 @@ public function processNodes(
 
         $scope = $formerMutatingScope ?? $this->scopeFactory->createFromFile($filePath);
 
+        $this->fillScope($stmts, $filePath, $scope);
+
+        // use after scope filling so DecoratingNodeVisitorInterface instance can fetch the scope of target node
+        // @see https://github.com/rectorphp/rector-src/pull/7721#discussion_r2595932460
+        $this->nodeTraverser->traverse($stmts);
+
+        return $stmts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Stmt[] $stmts
+     */
+    private function fillScope(array $stmts, string $filePath, MutatingScope $scope): void
+    {
+        /** @var array<array{Catch_, MutatingScope}> $catches */
+        $catches = [];
+
         $nodeCallback = function (Node $node, MutatingScope $mutatingScope) use (
             &$nodeCallback,
-            $filePath,
+            &$catches,
         ): void {
             if ($mutatingScope instanceof NodeCallbackScope) {
                 $mutatingScope = $mutatingScope->toWalkScope();
@@ -312,7 +329,13 @@ public function processNodes(
             }
 
             if ($node instanceof Catch_) {
-                $this->processCatch($node, $filePath, $mutatingScope);
+                // PHPStan fills the catch stmts itself right after this callback, unless no throw point matches;
+                // reset the first stmt scope, so the skipped ones can be detected after processing
+                if ($node->stmts !== []) {
+                    $node->stmts[0]->setAttribute(AttributeKey::SCOPE, null);
+                    $catches[] = [$node, $mutatingScope];
+                }
+
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -398,11 +421,9 @@ public function processNodes(
             RectorNodeScopeResolver::processNodes($stmts, $scope);
         }
 
-        // use after scope filling so DecoratingNodeVisitorInterface instance can fetch the scope of target node
-        // @see https://github.com/rectorphp/rector-src/pull/7721#discussion_r2595932460
-        $this->nodeTraverser->traverse($stmts);
-
-        return $stmts;
+        foreach ($catches as [$catch, $catchScope]) {
+            $this->processCatch($catch, $filePath, $catchScope);
+        }
     }
 
     private function processYield(Yield_ $yield, MutatingScope $mutatingScope): void
@@ -532,6 +553,10 @@ private function processSwitch(Switch_ $switch, MutatingScope $mutatingScope): v
 
     private function processCatch(Catch_ $catch, string $filePath, MutatingScope $mutatingScope): void
     {
+        if ($catch->stmts[0]->getAttribute(AttributeKey::SCOPE) instanceof MutatingScope) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         $varName = $catch->var instanceof Variable
         ? $this->nodeNameResolver->getName($catch->var)
         : null;
@@ -541,7 +566,7 @@ private function processCatch(Catch_ $catch, string $filePath, MutatingScope $mu
         );
 
         $catchMutatingScope = $mutatingScope->enterCatchType($type, $varName);
-        $this->processNodes($catch->stmts, $filePath, $catchMutatingScope);
+        $this->fillScope($catch->stmts, $filePath, $catchMutatingScope);
     }
 
     private function processTryCatch(TryCatch $tryCatch, MutatingScope $mutatingScope): void