[sedv8808]

This pull request introduces several improvements and maintenance updates to the neotoma2 R package. The most significant changes are enhancements to the S4 class definitions for consistency and readability, updates to HTTP request handling and caching, and the addition of new configuration and linting settings. The NEWS file has also been updated to reflect recent changes and improvements to package behavior.

S4 Class Definitions Modernization:

• Refactored all S4 class definitions in R/01_classDefinitions.R to use a consistent, modern style with improved formatting, explicit prototype declarations, and clearer validity checks. This improves code readability and maintainability. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]

HTTP Request Handling and Caching Improvements:

• Updated the default request timeout to 125 seconds to better align with API gateway limits, improved retry logic for various HTTP error codes, and enhanced client identification via the User-Agent header. Added caching for get_table() and batched requests for get_downloads() and other endpoints. These changes aim to make the package more robust and gentler on the Neotoma API.
• Improved handling of long lists and POST/GET requests, fixed issues with malformed dataset ID lists, and clarified error reporting for failed or malformed responses.
• Updated the documentation in NEWS.md to reflect all these changes and removed outdated references to the previous timeout value.

Configuration and Linting:

• Added a .lintr configuration file to specify exclusions and custom linter settings for specific files, helping maintain code quality while accommodating legacy or auto-generated code.
• Updated .Rbuildignore to ignore the .lintr file, preventing it from being included in package builds.

Namespace and Dependency Updates:

• Added httr::config to the NAMESPACE imports to support new HTTP configuration options.
• Removed unused str_extract_all import from stringr in NAMESPACE to clean up dependencies.

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