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Correct the non-UK benefit receipt docs page (#842) - #1720

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vahid-ahmadi/issue-842-non-uk-benefit-receipt-plan

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@vahid-ahmadi vahid-ahmadi commented May 27, 2026 •

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Corrects the non-UK household benefit receipt planning page (docs/book/assumptions/non-uk-benefit-receipt-plan.md), written for #842.

The page itself is already on main: it shipped in #2386 (merged 21 October 2026), and its original .added changelog entry was released in 2.143.0. This branch has merged main, dropped the released fragment and now carries only corrections to main's copy of the page.

What this PR corrects (from its changelog fragment):

Corrected the non-UK benefit receipt planning page (docs/book/assumptions/non-uk-benefit-receipt-plan.md): Microcosm UK's resident State Pension series removes pensions paid abroad but still includes care-home residents, the Enhanced FRS keeps its own targets, fraud and error overpayments reach households, so they are treated separately, Winter Fuel Payment has not been paid abroad since winter 2025-26, Housing Benefit doesn't pay for a care-home place, Attendance Allowance can be paid abroad in limited cases, and the overseas share of State Pension spending has fallen since 2019-20.

The claim-by-claim review behind these corrections, with sources, is in the "Ready for hub review" comment on this PR.

  • Changelog fragment: changelog.d/842-non-uk-benefit-receipt-page-corrections.changed.md (changed).
  • Docs and changelog only; no code changes.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

@vahid-ahmadi
vahid-ahmadi force-pushed the vahid-ahmadi/issue-842-non-uk-benefit-receipt-plan branch from 9aaee4a to 2b6b591 Compare October 8, 2026 14:54
vahid-ahmadi and others added 3 commits October 12, 2026 11:02
#842 flagged that calibrating to DWP/HMRC outturn implicitly assumes
all benefit expenditure lands on FRS households — it doesn't, because
exported State Pension, care-home residents, EU-treaty Child Benefit
residue, and admin leakage end up overweighting FRS-household
aggregates.

Persist the plan in-repo. The page proposes:

- Phase 1: quantify the gap per programme using DWP "Benefits paid
  outside the UK" statistics, the F&E in the Benefit System release,
  and Stat-Xplore residence/tenure breakdowns;
- Phase 2: subtract the out-of-scope share from policyengine-uk-data
  calibration targets via a new private_household_share field on
  programs.yaml rows;
- Phase 3 (optional): keep an additive correction for headline-fiscal
  aggregates rather than synthesising overseas / institutional
  households (which would need strong unverifiable assumptions).

Pure docs; the implementation lives mostly in policyengine-uk-data.
…elog fragment

Checked every variable, parameter, path and link against main in October
2026, updated the data pipeline references to Microcosm UK, and renamed the
changelog fragment to a Towncrier type.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The State Pension change is cited to microcosm#1084 (merged 2 October
2026) under microcosm#1069, replacing an unverifiable "ruling R4" and an
unsourced description of the OBR series. Dropped the unsourced claim that
Microcosm replaced the Enhanced FRS build, renamed Phase 3 to match its
content (a correction, not synthesis), removed em dashes, and dropped the
extra bullet from the changelog fragment.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@vahid-ahmadi
vahid-ahmadi force-pushed the vahid-ahmadi/issue-842-non-uk-benefit-receipt-plan branch from 2b6b591 to cc2e86b Compare October 12, 2026 09:10
MaxGhenis and others added 4 commits October 23, 2026 02:08
Main already carries this page (added by #2386); the merge brings the
branch up to date before the page is corrected.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Fraud and error overpayments are paid to claimants, so they are not a
  leakage outside private households; UC advances are not benefit payments
  (DWP fraud and error FYE 2026).
- Microcosm's resident State Pension series (microcosm#1084) removes
  pensions paid abroad but still includes care-home residents; #1069 now
  tracks follow-ups. The Enhanced FRS, which this repo's tests run on, keeps
  its own targets, including the OBR State Pension line.
- Disability benefits abroad: DLA care, PIP daily living, AA and Carer's
  Allowance in the EEA or Switzerland under the Withdrawal Agreement
  (GOV.UK); no mobility parts.
- Table: no HB in a care home (HB Regs 2006 reg. 9(1)(k), (4)); AA has an
  outside-UK line; Winter Fuel Payment needs residence since winter 2025-26
  (SI 2025/969 reg. 2); State Pension, PC, DLA/PIP and AA have published
  fraud and error rates; the first column is the published total.
- The overseas share of State Pension spending fell from 4.3% (2019-20) to
  3.9% (2024-25) in DWP's Spring Forecast 2026 outturn tables.
- The HMRC reference was a tax credits collection with no Child Benefit
  data; replaced with GOV.UK's Child Benefit abroad guidance.
- Replaced the released .added fragment with a .changed fragment.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
From the independent review of the corrections:
- Fraud and error overpayments reach households, so they now sit in their
  own paragraph instead of the list of spending that misses households
  (3.2% overpaid and 0.4% underpaid, DWP FYE 2026).
- Child Benefit has published error and fraud estimates (HMRC annual
  report and accounts; 1.6% overpaid in 2023-24 per the C&AG).
- Housing Benefit doesn't pay for a care-home place (HB Regs 2006 and the
  pension-age regs, reg. 9(1)(k) and (4)), rather than "no HB in a care
  home"; care-home residents keep both mobility parts (DLA Regs 1991
  reg. 9; PIP Regs 2013 reg. 28).
- Winter Fuel Payment residence in Northern Ireland is SR 2025/142 reg. 2.
- Carer's Allowance is a carer benefit; the F&E reference no longer says
  "administrative leakage"; the Enhanced FRS is what the microsimulation
  test jobs and aggregate-impact report run on.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Second-round review: the Phase 1 table's fraud and error column is
recorded separately, since that money reaches households; DWP's
underpayments are official error only (FYE 2026 release); the Sources
paragraph now names HMRC's annual report for Child Benefit.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@MaxGhenis

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UK hub (Claude build session, for Max)
Ready for hub review

Head: 35a658ee328d6e8730b2e34da98b4009fc2a68b5

Context. This page already reached main, byte for byte, through #2386 (merged 21 October 2026; batch commit d50ee85), and its 842.added.md entry is already in CHANGELOG.md under 2.143.0. I merged origin/main into this branch (no rebase, no force-push), deleted the released .added fragment, and corrected the page. The PR's net diff against main is now just those corrections plus changelog.d/842-non-uk-benefit-receipt-page-corrections.changed.md. Suggested title: "Correct the non-UK benefit receipt planning page".

Review. I had a verifier extract and check every claim, checked each correction myself, and then ran independent adversarial reviews. Rounds 1 and 2 asked for changes, and round 3 approved; its optional HMRC reference line is folded into this head.

Corrected (18)

Fraud and error

  1. Fraud and error overpayments reach households. They now sit in their own paragraph, in the note and in Phase 1, rather than among spending that misses households: 3.2% overpaid and 0.4% underpaid through official error, per DWP's FYE 2026 estimates (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fraud-and-error-in-the-benefit-system).
  2. UC advances are not benefit payments, per the same release.

Calibration targets
3. Microcosm UK sets its own targets. The Enhanced FRS, which this repo's microsimulation tests and aggregate-impact report run on, keeps its own target set, which still binds the OBR State Pension line (uk-data source_manifests/obr_march_2026.yaml:54; policyengine_uk/tests/certified_dataset.yaml).

Disability and carer benefits abroad, and care homes
4. Only the DLA care component, PIP daily living, AA and Carer's Allowance can be paid abroad, to people in the EEA or Switzerland covered by the Withdrawal Agreement; the mobility parts can't (https://www.gov.uk/claim-benefits-abroad/disability-benefits).
5. Care-home residents keep their State Pension and some other benefits, but not "most benefits". There is no HB for a care-home place (HB Regs 2006 reg. 9(1)(k) and (4), and the pension-age equivalent SI 2006/214 reg. 9). PIP daily living stops when care is publicly funded (PIP Regs 2013 reg. 28). The DLA care component also stops (DLA Regs 1991 reg. 9). Both mobility parts continue.

Microcosm's State Pension change
6. Microcosm's change covers State Pension paid abroad only: its Great Britain resident series still includes care-home residents (Microcosm uk_population_targets.json; microcosm#1084, merged 2 October 2026).
7. microcosm#1069 now tracks follow-ups.

Table cells
8. The first column is "Published total"; no private-household totals are published.
9. State Pension has care-home residents and published fraud and error.
10. Pension Credit has published fraud and error (10.0%) and requires Great Britain residence.
11. Housing Benefit has no care-home place.
12. Child Benefit fraud and error is published (HMRC annual report and accounts; the C&AG's 2023-24 report gives 1.6%).
13. DLA/PIP have published fraud and error, an outside-UK line in DWP's tables, and keep both mobility parts in care homes.
14. Attendance Allowance has an outside-UK line (£33.6m in 2024-25) and published fraud and error.
15. Winter Fuel Payment has had no overseas payments since winter 2025-26: SI 2025/969 reg. 2 for England and Wales, SR 2025/142 reg. 2 for Northern Ireland. Care-home residents can still get it.

Other
16. The overseas share of State Pension spending fell, from 4.3% (2019-20) to 3.9% (2024-25), in DWP's Spring Forecast 2026 outturn tables; it did not rise after EU exit.
17. The FRS "does sample" supported accommodation is unsupported (FRS QAR §3.1 excludes communal establishments), so the sentence is now conditional.
18. The HMRC reference was a tax credits collection with no Child Benefit data. It is replaced with GOV.UK "Child Benefit if you leave the UK" and HMRC's annual report and accounts.

Checked and correct (unchanged)

  • Account for non-UK household benefit receipt #842 is open.
  • microcosm#1084 binds State Pension to Stat-Xplore Great Britain and Northern Ireland DfC resident figures, with the OBR line and DWP's "paid outside UK" line kept as diagnostics.
  • programs.yaml holds coverage metadata only.
  • The FRS excludes communal establishments.
  • DWP's tables report State Pension paid outside the UK, and Stat-Xplore has a country field.
  • private_household_share doesn't exist on main, and all links return 200.

@vahid-ahmadi vahid-ahmadi changed the title Add non-UK household benefit receipt planning doc (#842) Correct the non-UK benefit receipt docs page (#842) Oct 23, 2026
@vahid-ahmadi
vahid-ahmadi added this pull request to the merge queue Oct 23, 2026
Merged via the queue into main with commit 44de681 Oct 24, 2026
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@vahid-ahmadi
vahid-ahmadi deleted the vahid-ahmadi/issue-842-non-uk-benefit-receipt-plan branch October 24, 2026 08:47
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