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perf(server): events stop maintaining the stream sequence index - #35023
Every event insert updates idx_orch_events_stream_sequence (aggregate_kind, stream_id, sequence), but no read needs it. Every read it serves is served as well by another index:
V2 thread reads can use idx_orchestration_events_agent_stream_sequence, which also covers the version check without a table lookup.
Whole-stream reads can use idx_orch_events_stream_version, whose entries carry the same rowid.
On a real database, this index alone is about 6% of the WAL frames each event commit writes (#24003).
The earlier attempt, #19623, was closed for lack of a measurement through a real provider turn. This PR includes one.
Change
Migration 084_DropOrchestrationEventStreamSequenceIndex drops the index.
The server deletes sqlite_stat1 at startup, so it plans without statistics. Without them, SQLite would move these reads to idx_orchestration_events_application_sequence and range over every V2 event. They now name the thread index with INDEXED BY. Each pinned query already carries the index's application_event_version = 2 AND aggregate_kind = 'thread' terms, so the pin always prepares.
readAgentEvents for one thread, with or without an event type
getAgentReplayStats
Codex usage history's per-turn selection lookup
ThreadFind's revision lookup, which named the dropped index
The prune pass now finds each stream's newest row as the one with the highest stream_version, which idx_orch_events_stream_version seeks directly. MAX(sequence) through that index would read the whole stream for every candidate, including the V1 history that pruning keeps. Every writer appends a stream's highest stream_version plus one, and sequence is AUTOINCREMENT, so both expressions pick the same row. That covers appendAgentEvents, appendProjectEventRow, the removed V1 appendEventRow, the V2 preview migration, and the dev-db copy, which copies rows as they are. A 5.7 GB real database has no stream where the two orders disagree.
Scope
A performance bug: an index maintained on every insert serves no query. It is one part of #24003. Query results and pruning results are unchanged.
One point for the maintainers. Builds since #21122 (v0.1.9 included) pin idx_orch_events_stream_sequence in ThreadFind. Such a build that opens a database migrated by this PR logs the usual warning about an unknown migration, and then its thread Find fails to prepare until the user updates. If downgrades need to keep Find working, this PR could ship in two steps: first the re-pin, then the drop a release later.
Verification
Write volume through the real write path. A replay harness (apps/server/scripts/bench-event-writes.ts on a branch of our fork, not part of this PR) feeds recorded events through the server's own EventSink, with the server's PRAGMAs and migrations, on a copy of a real 5.7 GB database. It counts the WAL frames each commit appends and attributes them to b-trees with dbstat. Counts repeat exactly from run to run. Its replay of a live Claude turn, recorded on a scratch server, matches that turn's live WAL within 2%. Results over 3 runs each, smallest gain first:
Window
Frames per event
KiB per event
Checkpoint pages per event
One live Claude turn (65 events)
22.86 → 21.57 (−5.7%)
92.0 → 86.8
8.35 → 8.14
418 recorded events
31.03 → 29.10 (−6.2%)
124.8 → 117.1
12.16 → 11.42
Only idx_orch_events_stream_sequence changed in the attribution: −816 frames over the 418 events, −84 over the live turn. The 418-event "after" fills the 20 MB the drop frees first. Otherwise the next commits allocate from the freelist, and that adds a trunk page each, which a database that already has a freelist pays anyway. Write time inside EventSink.write moved within run-to-run noise.
Reads that lost the index, on the 5.7 GB copy, median of 5, warm cache. The load average was 5–9.5, so small differences are noise.
Read
main
this PR
this PR's migration without the pins
readAgentEvents, a 2-event thread
0.022 ms
0.022 ms
56.1 ms
readAgentEvents, the largest thread (54,400 events)
212.5 ms
183.1 ms
218.7 ms
getAgentReplayStats, the largest thread
0.073 ms
0.047 ms
2.73 ms
Codex usage history, the largest thread
5,620 ms
4,556 ms
16,650 ms
ThreadFind revision
0.017 ms
0.016 ms
fails: no such index
Prune pages over the whole log
228–236 ms
232–234 ms
over 120 s, unfinished
Query plans for about 30 orchestration_events read shapes, through Node 26's SQLite 3.53.3 on the real schema, in all three stats modes (none, after ANALYZE, after PRAGMA optimize): only the reads listed under Change moved, and each stays on an index.
Tests:
Migrations.test.ts: migrate to 82, then to head. The exact remaining index list is checked, and the row survives.
OrchestrationEventStore.sequence.test.ts: captures the real per-thread statements and checks their plans. It fails without the pins, because those reads move to application_sequence.
ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts: the plan text says SEARCH whether a lookup seeks one entry or reads a whole stream, so this test counts SQLite VM steps instead. It runs a prune page over a project stream and a thread stream, each with 1,000 V1 rows followed by 25 V2 rows written through the real append paths, in all three stats modes. Then it trims the V1 history to 100 rows and runs again. With MAX(sequence) it fails (expected 252553 to be at most 35258.3); with this change it passes. It also checks which rows are kept.
The seven touched test files: 101 passed. vp run check:changed: format, lint, knip, graphql, typecheck and tests pass.
Model and harness: Claude Opus 5.5, Claude Code in T3 Code
Every event insert updated idx_orch_events_stream_sequence
(aggregate_kind, stream_id, sequence), but each read it served has an
index that serves it as well: V2 thread reads use
idx_orchestration_events_agent_stream_sequence, which also skips the
table row to check the version, and whole-stream reads use
idx_orch_events_stream_version, whose entries carry the same rowid.
Migration 083 drops it. Without planner statistics, which the server
deletes at startup, SQLite would otherwise move these reads to
idx_orchestration_events_application_sequence and range over every V2
event, so they now name the thread index:
- readAgentEvents for one thread, with or without an event type
- getAgentReplayStats
- Codex usage history's per-turn selection lookup
- ThreadFind's revision, which pinned the dropped index
The prune pass finds each stream's newest row as its highest
stream_version, which idx_orch_events_stream_version seeks; MAX(sequence)
through that index would read the whole stream for every candidate,
including the V1 history pruning keeps. Every append takes the stream's
highest stream_version plus one, so both pick the same row.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Macroscope's review found this PR requires human approval — This reduces event-write overhead by removing a redundant index and redirecting reads. The persistent removal breaks thread Find in older binaries opening the migrated database, requiring a decision on downgrade compatibility or a staged release.
Needs human approval because:
Macroscope's correctness review did not reach a verdict
Notes:
The correctness review was unavailable. Eligibility was assessed without its result.
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No actionable comments were generated in the recent review.
Walkthrough
The changes update orchestration event query index selection, add migration 92 to drop an index, and change pruning to preserve the newest event by stream version.
Changes: Orchestration event store
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Route event reads to appropriate indexes apps/server/src/persistence/OrchestrationEventStore.ts, apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ThreadFind.ts, apps/server/src/usage/CodexUsageHistory.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/OrchestrationEventStore.sequence.test.ts
Event reads select indexes based on their filters. Tests check thread-scoped read results and query plans.
Drop the stream-sequence index apps/server/src/persistence/Migrations/092_DropOrchestrationEventStreamSequenceIndex.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/Migrations.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/Migrations.test.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/reconcileV2PreviewMigration.test.ts
Migration 92 drops idx_orch_events_stream_sequence. The migration manifest and migration tests include migration 92 and check that the index is absent.
Preserve the newest event per stream apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ProjectionMaintenance.ts, apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts
The pruning candidate check compares stream_version with the stream maximum. Tests check pruning results and query VM steps under different planner statistics.
This change drops a write-heavy index that reads no longer need, and pins affected reads to other indexes. No concrete merge-blocking defect remains. The only caveat is that older builds that still pin the dropped index may fail to prepare that query if they open an upgraded database, which matters only for rollback or mixed-version use.
Pre-merge checks: 4
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Status
Explanation
Title check
The title "perf(server): events stop maintaining the stream sequence index" follows the conventional commit format and names the main change: dropping idx_orch_events_stream_sequence, which is updated…
Description check
The description follows the repository template. It has Problem, Change, Scope, and Verification sections, and the Verification section gives specific tests, measured results, and a model/harness attr…
Linked Issues check
Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check
Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Full details: Title check
Explanation
The title "perf(server): events stop maintaining the stream sequence index" follows the conventional commit format and names the main change: dropping idx_orch_events_stream_sequence, which is updated on every event insert but serves no read. The changeset also includes index pinning in read queries and a pruning change, which the title does not mention, but it refers to the primary change. The title is 8 words and 63 characters, so it is concise and specific.
Full details: Description check
Explanation
The description follows the repository template. It has Problem, Change, Scope, and Verification sections, and the Verification section gives specific tests, measured results, and a model/harness attribution. It explains the reason for dropping the index, the query pins, the pruning change, and a compatibility risk for older builds. The template's comment about the conventional commit title is not repeated in the description, but the PR title satisfies that requirement. The Scope section links #24003 and #19623 and explains the performance rationale, so the description is complete.
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Actionable comments posted: 1
Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at
@apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts:
- Line 488: Make the `vmStep` measurement using `statement.stat` conditional on
that method being available, and skip only the VM-step comparison when it is
unavailable. Keep the retained-row and result-equality assertions unconditional.
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The automated pipeline stopped on this pull request and will not merge it:
the capture step could not show the problem on the base commit, so there is nothing to prove fixed.
Created a synthetic git project through the app. Ran nine fresh turns, 192 history-building turns, and nine grown-database turns per commit, restarting between seeding batches to bound memory. Stopped both setup servers. For each of nine alternating base/head pairs: restored the synthetic seed, started the real server, completed one unmeasured warmup, checkpointed WAL, pinned a read-only transaction to prevent WAL recycling, measured ten sequential Replay turns, validated WAL frame salts and boundaries, attributed redundant-index pages, read returned conversations, and stopped the server. Repeated production replay, replay-statistics, Find, and pruning captures nine times per side. Inspected and uploaded both measurement images, raw outputs, and drivers. Removed all worktrees and scratch data; all benchmark servers stopped.
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needs-rebaseConflicts with its base branch. Closes after 7 days with no activity.size:M30-99 changed lines (additions + deletions).takeover:blockedTakeover blocked; reason in the PR bodyvouch:unvouchedAuthor is not yet trusted in the VOUCHED list.
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Problem
Every event insert updates
idx_orch_events_stream_sequence(aggregate_kind, stream_id, sequence), but no read needs it. Every read it serves is served as well by another index:idx_orchestration_events_agent_stream_sequence, which also covers the version check without a table lookup.idx_orch_events_stream_version, whose entries carry the same rowid.On a real database, this index alone is about 6% of the WAL frames each event commit writes (#24003).
The earlier attempt, #19623, was closed for lack of a measurement through a real provider turn. This PR includes one.
Change
084_DropOrchestrationEventStreamSequenceIndexdrops the index.sqlite_stat1at startup, so it plans without statistics. Without them, SQLite would move these reads toidx_orchestration_events_application_sequenceand range over every V2 event. They now name the thread index withINDEXED BY. Each pinned query already carries the index'sapplication_event_version = 2 AND aggregate_kind = 'thread'terms, so the pin always prepares.readAgentEventsfor one thread, with or without an event typegetAgentReplayStatsThreadFind's revision lookup, which named the dropped indexstream_version, whichidx_orch_events_stream_versionseeks directly.MAX(sequence)through that index would read the whole stream for every candidate, including the V1 history that pruning keeps. Every writer appends a stream's higheststream_versionplus one, andsequenceisAUTOINCREMENT, so both expressions pick the same row. That coversappendAgentEvents,appendProjectEventRow, the removed V1appendEventRow, the V2 preview migration, and the dev-db copy, which copies rows as they are. A 5.7 GB real database has no stream where the two orders disagree.Scope
A performance bug: an index maintained on every insert serves no query. It is one part of #24003. Query results and pruning results are unchanged.
One point for the maintainers. Builds since #21122 (v0.1.9 included) pin
idx_orch_events_stream_sequenceinThreadFind. Such a build that opens a database migrated by this PR logs the usual warning about an unknown migration, and then its thread Find fails to prepare until the user updates. If downgrades need to keep Find working, this PR could ship in two steps: first the re-pin, then the drop a release later.Verification
Write volume through the real write path. A replay harness (
apps/server/scripts/bench-event-writes.tson a branch of our fork, not part of this PR) feeds recorded events through the server's ownEventSink, with the server's PRAGMAs and migrations, on a copy of a real 5.7 GB database. It counts the WAL frames each commit appends and attributes them to b-trees withdbstat. Counts repeat exactly from run to run. Its replay of a live Claude turn, recorded on a scratch server, matches that turn's live WAL within 2%. Results over 3 runs each, smallest gain first:Only
idx_orch_events_stream_sequencechanged in the attribution: −816 frames over the 418 events, −84 over the live turn. The 418-event "after" fills the 20 MB the drop frees first. Otherwise the next commits allocate from the freelist, and that adds a trunk page each, which a database that already has a freelist pays anyway. Write time insideEventSink.writemoved within run-to-run noise.Reads that lost the index, on the 5.7 GB copy, median of 5, warm cache. The load average was 5–9.5, so small differences are noise.
readAgentEvents, a 2-event threadreadAgentEvents, the largest thread (54,400 events)getAgentReplayStats, the largest threadThreadFindrevisionQuery plans for about 30
orchestration_eventsread shapes, through Node 26's SQLite 3.53.3 on the real schema, in all three stats modes (none, afterANALYZE, afterPRAGMA optimize): only the reads listed under Change moved, and each stays on an index.Tests:
Migrations.test.ts: migrate to 82, then to head. The exact remaining index list is checked, and the row survives.OrchestrationEventStore.sequence.test.ts: captures the real per-thread statements and checks their plans. It fails without the pins, because those reads move toapplication_sequence.ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts: the plan text saysSEARCHwhether a lookup seeks one entry or reads a whole stream, so this test counts SQLite VM steps instead. It runs a prune page over a project stream and a thread stream, each with 1,000 V1 rows followed by 25 V2 rows written through the real append paths, in all three stats modes. Then it trims the V1 history to 100 rows and runs again. WithMAX(sequence)it fails (expected 252553 to be at most 35258.3); with this change it passes. It also checks which rows are kept.vp run check:changed: format, lint, knip, graphql, typecheck and tests pass.Model and harness: Claude Opus 5.5, Claude Code in T3 Code