feat(core)!: derive container return types from nested argument bindings - #1289
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Parameterized list returns currently fail even when their element type is available from the arguments. For filter, sort and transform, type variables inside list and function arguments are also never bound. Bind type and integer parameters recursively through list, map, struct and function arguments, and derive container returns from those bindings. Preserve nested nullability and enforce shared parameter, literal and variadic constraints from [spec v0.102.0](https://github.com/substrait-io/substrait/blob/v0.102.0/site/docs/expressions/scalar_functions.md#nullability-and-any-type-binding). If the available bindings leave a nested element's nullability undetermined, derivation fails. This enables the six Java-side variants in substrait-io#1241: filter, sort, transform, string_split, regexp_string_split and regexp_match_substring_all. quantile remains unsupported because the pinned catalog uses an anonymous any in its return type. It needs [the spec fix](substrait-io/substrait#1193) and a packaging update. Closes substrait-io#1241
Let nested wildcard occurrences determine the variable's nullability while keeping nested-to-nested consistency checks. Cover index_in with nullable list elements and argument-order independence. Add a successful derived-output validation case and check that catalog function arguments require Type.Func.
…sions A container whose element carries arithmetic, as in list<varchar<L + 1>>, parses as a TypeExpression container rather than a ParameterizedType one, and a nested name can refer to a local of the return program.
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Included review availability: This review used your included allowance. Your plan provides up to 2 included reviews per hour; 0 remain after this review. 📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughThe PR adds recursive binding and return-type evaluation for list, map, struct, and function types. Signature matching checks nested shapes, parameters, and nullability. Tests cover container return derivation, local variables, variadic bindings, and invalid nested types. ChangesRecursive container type support
Priority: ➖ Normal Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes Change: Feature Suggested reviewers: Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to Container return derivation preserves resolved nested types and rejects unresolved child nullability. No actionable merge-blocking risk was identified; merge after normal checks pass. Security Architecture ReviewSecurity architecture risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to A shared fail-closed guarantee is weakened when an uncertain wildcard binding passes through a local variable or conditional. This can produce a non-null nested return type without enough evidence to justify it. The demonstrated consequence is incorrect type acceptance; a remotely exploitable or privileged outcome has not been established. Retained concerns
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Please follow the spec's current rule for a wildcard that appears both in a top-level argument and inside a list element, instead of relaxing it. If substrait-io/substrait#1080 changes the rule, it can be relaxed later without a breaking change; tightening it after a release would be a second breaking change. One other choice here isn't covered by the spec at all and needs a sentence in the description (inline comment on TypeExpressionEvaluator.java:452).
The spec strips only an outermost argument's own nullability before binding, so index_in(i32, list<i32?>) binds any1 to both i32 and i32? and does not bind. The relaxation that let it bind is reverted, which also lets a return such as f(any1) -> list<any1> derive the element's nullability from a wildcard bound only at the top level. AggregateConversion's Javadoc now gives the reason decimal avg is still rejected: its intermediate derives, but a phase that consumes the state binds it from that state.
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Both round-1 points are fixed, thanks. The first comment below is the only one that produces a wrong type; the rest are smaller.
A bare wildcard in a return expression replaced the nullability it was bound with by the return's own, so under DECLARED_OUTPUT f(list<any1>) -> any1 over list<i32?> derived i32. A nullable return now widens it instead. Signature validation checked each argument's shape on its own, so matchesDeclaration accepted list<i32> and list<i64> for two list<any1> arguments and list<decimal(12,1)> for list<DECIMAL<P,0>>. It now binds the parameters through the same binder the derivation uses. Both reject the unbound type explicitly instead of binding it or reading its nullability.
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Review comments at
@core/src/main/java/io/substrait/type/TypeExpressionEvaluator.java:
- Line 537: Update TypeExpressionEvaluator so nullability certainty is preserved
when type expressions pass through locals and conditionals, rather than
bypassing the check at the local type test. Validate certainty for every
container child and reject expressions such as list<t> when the element’s
required nullability is undetermined.
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core/src/main/java/io/substrait/extension/FunctionBindingResolver.javacore/src/main/java/io/substrait/type/TypeExpressionEvaluator.javacore/src/test/java/io/substrait/type/ContainerReturnTypeTest.javacore/src/test/java/io/substrait/type/ParameterizedReturnTypeTest.java
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list<any1?> over list<i32?> leaves open whether any1 is i32 or i32?. A direct list<any1> already failed on that, but a local or a conditional carried any1 into the list as a required i32. A wildcard whose nullability the arguments leave open may now stand unmarked only as the result itself. A local named in a return also keeps its nullability, as a bound wildcard does.
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Parameterized list returns currently fail even when their element type is available from the arguments. For filter, sort and transform, type variables inside list and function arguments are also never bound.
Bind type and integer parameters recursively through list, map, struct and function arguments, and derive container returns from those bindings. Preserve nested nullability and enforce shared parameter, literal and variadic constraints from spec v0.102.0. If the available bindings leave a nested element's nullability undetermined, derivation fails.
An unmarked wildcard binds exactly wherever it appears. In a top-level argument, that argument's own nullability is stripped first, as the spec does before binding. So
index_in(i32, list<i32?>)bindsany1to bothi32andi32?and no longer binds; substrait issue 1080 discusses the same shape. The same exact binding letsf(any1) -> list<any1>derive its element type.Since #1288, an element type can also carry arithmetic or name a local of the return program, as in
list<varchar<L + 1>>; those derive the same way.A parameterized struct now evaluates like the other containers, so an aggregate's parameterized
intermediatederives too (#1239). Its parameters bind from the initial arguments, and the struct is a single value: decimalavg'sSTRUCT<DECIMAL<38,S>,i64>overdecimal(20,2)derivesSTRUCT<DECIMAL<38,2>,i64>. A phase that consumes the state still binds the expression from the state it receives (#1279), so decimalavgis still rejected there.This enables the six Java-side variants in #1241: filter, sort, transform, string_split, regexp_string_split and regexp_match_substring_all. quantile remains unsupported because the pinned catalog uses an anonymous any in its return type. It needs the spec fix and a packaging update.
Summary by CodeRabbit
list<varchar>.Closes #1241
BREAKING CHANGE: Function.resolveType now checks container argument shapes and shared parameter constraints even when the return type is concrete. Calls that previously derived a type despite invalid arguments can now fail. Among them is index_in(i32, list<i32?>), whose value and element bind any1 with different nullability. Pass Type.Func for function arguments and use types that satisfy the declared shapes and parameter constraints.